某稀土尾矿综合利用技术研究

以REO品位1.7%的稀土尾矿为研究对象,开展矿浆p H、水玻璃用量及捕收剂用量对比实验,优先脉石矿物抑制剂,采用"浮团聚磁选"工艺处理该尾矿样品。实验结果表明,在抑制剂CS和捕收剂RF的作用下,经一粗三精浮选闭路和一粗一精磁选工艺可以得到REO品位40.57%、回收率为48.17%的稀土精矿,成功实现低品位尾矿中稀土矿物的回收利用,节约资源,减少排放,具有巨大的资源和环境效益。     

某含稀土、锆复杂铌矿的选矿试验研究

对某含稀土、锆复杂铌矿进行了详尽的工艺矿物学研究,该矿可综合回收的元素为Nb,REO,Zr。主要的含铌矿物为褐铌钇矿,主要的稀土矿物为氟碳铈矿、独居石,主要的锆矿物为锆石。矿石中有用矿物种类多,嵌布粒度较细,赋存关系复杂。根据矿石性质并从可经济利用角度考虑,进行了抛尾预富集试验和重-磁-浮精选试验,最终确定在一段磨矿细度为-0.074 mm 55%时,采用磁选-重选联合流程,可抛除68%的尾矿;预富集得到的粗精矿经过再磨后分别回收稀土、铌和锆,再磨细度为-0.048 mm 80%,采用C7羟肟酸作为稀土矿捕收剂,经过一粗一扫五精浮选可得到品位47.85%,回收率61.50%的稀土精矿;浮选稀土尾矿采用苄基胂酸作为捕收剂浮选铌,经过一粗一扫四精-磁选流程精选,可得到Nb2O5品位53.04%,回收率68.88%的铌精矿;浮选尾矿再进行重选回收锆石,经过四次重选精选,可得到ZrO2的品位40.62%,回收率为52.79%的锆精矿。     

强磁选预富集氟碳铈型稀土矿的可行性

以四川牦牛坪低品位氟碳铈型稀土矿为试样,检测矿物定量组成、嵌布粒度、粒级分析和单体解离度等工艺矿物学特征,分析比较不同矿物间的密度、磁性等工艺特性差异,进行高梯度湿式强磁选试验,进一步检测磁选精矿的矿物组成和连生关系。结果表明,氟碳铈矿粒度较粗易解离,与重晶石和萤石等矿物磁性差异较大。综合剖析矿石性质,提出强磁选预富集氟碳铈矿的新思路。1.0 T背景磁场强度的湿式强磁选试验,89.94%REO可一步分流至磁选精矿中,选矿富集比达4.53,重晶石和萤石含量仅5.76%和4.58%,而91.52%重晶石和95.46%萤石分流至磁选尾矿中,有利于进一步集中综合回收。湿式强磁选预富集技术是处理低品位氟碳铈型稀土矿的有效途径之一。     

磁选-重选-浮选组合新工艺分选氟碳铈矿型稀土矿的试验研究

采用矿物自动分析仪(MLA)查明了四川牦牛坪稀土矿的矿物组成、嵌布粒度特征,对比分析了主要矿物的密度、莫氏硬度、比磁化系数和磁性的工艺特性差异,利用湿式高梯度强磁选-重选-浮选的组合工艺进行了选矿试验研究。结果表明:主要稀土矿物氟碳铈矿粒度多在1.28~0.04 mm范围内,具有顺磁性,而重晶石、萤石、正长石和石英呈现非磁性,此磁性差异是强磁选能预先富集的关键矿物学因素。通过实验确定最佳工艺条件和结果为:在-1.0 mm粒径,1.0 T背景场强下湿式强磁选粗选,强磁选精矿分级成3个粒级物料,-1.0~+0.4 mm物料进行粗砂摇床重选,-0.4+0.074和-0.074 mm物料分别进行细砂摇床重选,各重选中矿合并,在0.6 T背景场强下湿式强磁选精选,磁选精矿与重选精矿合并,获得REO品位65.49%,回收率67.80%的磁重稀土精矿;磁选精选中矿与摇床尾矿合并成REO 2.10%的稀土中矿,在磨矿细度-0.043 mm占70%,pH 8~9,水玻璃用量714 g·t~(-1)原矿,捕收剂GSY 1033 g·t~(-1)原矿下进行常温浮选,获得REO品位67.84%,回收率15.46%的浮选稀土精矿;两种稀土精矿REO平均品位65.93%,总回收率83.26%。     

竹山稀土矿的选冶联合工艺技术

本文介绍了国内外稀土资源及竹山稀土资源状况。通过原矿工艺矿物学研究,查明竹山稀土矿矿物组成及含量、矿物嵌布特性、稀土矿石中的赋存状态。同时,通过选——冶联合工艺试验研究,获得冶金产品碳酸盐稀土,品位60.46%,总回收率65.43%。     

浮选-超导高梯度磁分选氟碳铈矿试验研究

为降低微细微弱磁性矿物氟碳铈矿的损失,有效改善氟碳铈矿的选别指标,将超导高梯度磁选应用于德昌大陆槽稀土矿氟碳铈矿的分选。结果表明:超导高梯度磁选将浮选精矿的REO品位由50.31%提高到63.56%,实现了微细微弱磁性矿物氟碳铈矿与非磁性矿物的高效分离与回收,有效改善了氟碳铈矿精矿的质量。采用一粗-一扫-二精的闭路浮选和超导高梯度磁选组合工艺,在最佳工艺条件下,即粗选磨矿细度为-0.074 mm 85.42%,药剂AHY、水玻璃和AOH用量分别为2400,2000和60g·t~(-1),扫选AHY和AOH用量分别为300和30g·t~(-1)及空白精选,以及背景磁感应强度、给矿速度和浓度分别为5.0 T,15 L·min~(-1)和20%,从REO含量为2.59%的稀土矿中获得了REO品位和回收率分别为63.56%和82.21%的稀土精矿。超导高梯度磁选为微弱磁性矿物提供了足够高的磁场力使其有效捕获,并可有效改善微弱磁性矿物精矿品质,将成为一种经济清洁有效选别微弱磁性矿物的方法。     

湖北某重稀土矿的选矿试验研究

湖北某重稀土矿是以钇为主要成分的稀土矿,主要含钇矿物为硅铍钇矿、褐钇铌矿及磷钇矿。为了开发利用该重稀土矿资源,进行了实验室选矿试验研究。试验原矿品位为(Y_2O_3)0.088%,采用"磁选-浮选"的工艺流程,最终可获得稀土精矿品位为(Y_2O_3)3.42%,精矿产率为1.67%,回收率为58.13%重稀土精矿。     

细粒级低品位钽铌稀土矿选矿工艺研究

针对细粒低品位钽铌稀土矿,试验研究了＂磁选-重选＂联合工艺。当给矿含（Ta＋Nb）2O50.032%、REO0.092%时,全流程试验可获得含（Ta＋Nb）2O53.444%、REO 12.851%的钽铌稀土精矿,回收率（Ta＋Nb）2O544.13%、REO 57.27%。试验数据证明,该工艺显著提高了钽铌稀土精矿品位及回收率。     

氟碳铈矿型稀土矿石工艺矿物学研究

采用MLA技术结合显微镜,对某氟碳铈矿型稀土矿进行详细的工艺矿物学研究,定量测定其矿物组成、粒度、解离度、稀土在矿石中的赋存状态等工艺矿物学参数。结果表明:矿石中的稀土矿物种类较多,可分为稀土碳酸盐、磷酸盐和稀土硅酸盐三类矿物,但是以氟碳铈矿为主;尾矿中的重晶石和萤石都可综合回收利用;若回收碳酸稀土和磷酸稀土,预测本矿石稀土的理论回收率为89%左右。     

某磷灰石稀土矿选矿试验研究

某磷灰石稀土矿含稀土的矿物种类繁多,主要为氟碳铈矿及独居石,稀土矿物嵌布粒度微细为该矿的主要选矿难点。根据稀土矿物的特点及其赋存状态,进行了重、磁、浮多种流程的对比试验,最终确定浮选-强磁联合流程能取得较好的试验指标。浮选-强磁联合流程所得稀土精矿稀土品位9.24%,回收率47.72%;磷灰石精矿稀土品位2.71%,回收率33.51%,P2O5品位28.24%,回收率85.32%;稀土精矿和磷精矿稀土总回收率达到81.23%。     

牦牛坪西部矿区稀土矿工艺矿物学研究

以牦牛坪西部矿区的氟碳铈矿为研究对象,利用 X 射线衍射分析、扫描电镜、光学显微镜、MLA矿物自动测量系统等分析手段对其进行了较为系统的工艺矿物学分析。结果表明,该矿石中稀土元素以镧、铈、钕及镨四种元素为主,总稀土氧化物（TREO）品位为 6.9%。该矿样中稀土矿物种类主要为氟碳铈镧矿,稀土矿物品位较高,属高价值稀土矿。其他矿物主要为重晶石、萤石、长石和石英等,其次是云母、角闪石及褐铁矿、赤铁矿等。矿石中氟碳铈镧矿、重晶石、萤石具不均匀中细粒嵌布的特征,需要细磨至 -0.019mm 才能达到单体解离。     

某氟碳铈稀土矿混合浮选捕收剂优化试验研究

四川省牦牛坪稀土矿是我国第二大轻稀土矿,主要矿藏有氟碳铈稀土矿、伴生萤石和重晶石等。为提高微细粒级稀土回收率,采用混合浮选工艺替代原稀土浮选工艺,并研发了新型捕收剂CXS-211,优化试验提高了新药剂对矿石性质的适应性。闭路试验结果表明：新药剂可获得稀土REO回收率92%以上、萤石回收率88%以上的混浮精矿。     

海底稀土资源分离富集新工艺研究

研究了新型中重稀土资源,即海底沉积物中稀土分离富集新工艺。根据沉积物中稀土矿物相与脉石矿物相之间的表面物理性质差异以及不同矿物相在酸性溶液中的稳定性差异,研究了两段分离富集的新工艺流程。首先利用选矿方法将大部分脉石与稀土矿物进行初步分离,获得预富集了稀土的精矿,然后对稀土精矿进行二次化学富集,将杂质元素进一步去除,从而获得高品位的稀土中间产品。通过两次分离富集后,海底沉积物中约99%的杂质元素可被分离,稀土在中间产品中的品位可达6.41%,与原矿相比,稀土富集倍数达67倍,有利后续单个稀土的分离,同时中间产物酸耗可降低到原矿的1/12。     

Migration behavior,separation and recycling of rare earth during thermal decomposition of Zhijin phosphorus ore

Zhijin phosphorus ore is a moderate and low-grade phosphorus rare-earth ore contained in mines. The separation and extraction of associated rare earth are important research topics. In this study,the migration behavior of rare earth during the thermal decomposition of Zhijin phosphorus ore and the separation and extraction of rare earth in phosphorus slag are discussed systematically. During the thermal decomposition process of phosphorus ore, almost all of the associated rare earth enters into the phosphorus slag phase but does not enter into the ferrophosphorus or gas phases. Amorphous calcium metasilicate and calcium fluosilicate are major components of phosphorus slag, and rare earth mainly exists as a calsil solid solution. Hydrochloric acid was used for acidolysis of the phosphorous slag.Under the following conditions, 96% of the rare earth in the phosphorous slag can be dissolved in the acidolysis solution: acid excess coefficient of 1.5, reaction time of 50 min and reaction temperature of 50℃. The rare earth in the acidolysis solution was separated and recycled using oxalic acid as a precipitator and NaOH as a pH modifier. At pH of 1.7, rare-earth-enriched matter with rare-earth content of 2.1 wt% was obtained, and the recovery of the rare earth was 88%.     

Enhancing mineral liberation of a Canadian rare earth ore with microwave pretreatment

Liberation, as an attribute of mineralogy characteristic, whose impacts on finely disseminated Canadian rare earth ore was studied with microwave pretreatment. Samples of a light rare earth ore along with mostly ankerite and biotite as dominant gangue minerals as well as bastnaesite, strontianite and goethite as dominated minerals were exposed to further comminution by ball mill and microwave pretreatment fragmentation. Mineralogical characteristics were analyzed by using a mineral liberation analyzer (MLA). The results indicated that tight association mutually penetrates among dominated minerals in the range size of ?300 + 212 μm and ?212 + 150 μm and gangue minerals in the form of adjacent type, fine vein type, shell type and packing type. Temperature in the ore samples pre-treated by microwave can rapidly rise to 250 °C with microwave power of 0–1.5 kW and microwave time of 0–2 min. Applying the microwave pretreatment merely reduces the hardness of the ore causing the fracture of rare earth ore, but this does not transform or change the original mineralogy characteristics of the ore samples. On the basis of above study, the liberation value of bastnaesite, strontianite and goethite with microwave pretreatment is greater than with conventional comminution when the liberation class is above 75%. The distribution of particle size of rare earth ore samples is better with microwave pretreatment than with conventional comminution for particle size of 7.4 × 10^?5 m. With microwave pretreatment, the theoretical grade–recovery of bastnaesite, strontianite and goethite in the rare earth ore attains better results than with conventional comminution at a given grade.     

白云鄂博高品位混合稀土精矿特性分析

随着稀土选矿技术的日趋进步,白云鄂博稀土精矿的品位提升至65％以上,且可进行大规模的生产应用.以白云鄂博高品位混合型稀土精矿为研究对象,采用XRD、EDS、SEM、AMICS等表征手段对高品位稀土精矿进行系统研究.研究结果表明,高品位精矿中REO品位为67.96％,轻稀土元素占稀土总量的98.65％,属典型富铈低钇型轻...     

Process mineralogy of Weishan rare earth ore by MLA

Mineral liberation analyser (MLA) was applied to quantitatively analyze the rare earth ore from Weishan in Shandong. Mineralogy parameters, such as mineral composition, occurrence states of rare earth elements (REEs) and valuable elements, mineral embedded grain size distribution, mineral association and liberation, are obtained. Results show that the contents of REEs and other valuable elements mainly contained in the ore were La 1.02 wt%, Ce 4.29 wt%, Pr 0.34 wt%, Nd 0.84 wt%, Sr 3.4 wt% and Ba 26.53 wt%, respectively. The REEs mainly occur in bastnaesite and carbocernaite in the form of independent mineral and the contents of bastnaesite and carbocernaite in the ore were 5.96 wt% and 12.30 wt%, respectively. 67.34% of strontium occurs in carbocernaite and the rest occurs in celestobarite and strontianite mineral. 92.71% of barium occurs in barite. Liberation of main rare-earth minerals such as bastnaesite and carbocernaite is more than 80% when the grinding fineness is 78.42% passing 74 μm. The research results could be employed to provide detailed basic theoretical data for further improvement of the beneficiation process flow and the processing index of rare earth ore, the recycling of other valuable minerals and the comprehensive utilization of tailings.     

西藏某难选铜铅多金属矿石铜铅浮选分离试验研究

西藏某难选铜铅多金属矿石中多种金属矿物密切共生,硫化物之间嵌连关系较为复杂,且含有大量的次生硫化铜及氧化铜矿物,铜铅分选极为困难。针对该矿石特点,进行了铜铅混合浮选—混合精矿分离、优先浮钼、优先浮铜—再浮铅等多种工艺流程探索试验。结果表明:优先浮铜—再浮铅工艺流程可获得较好指标,闭路试验获得铜品位25.01%、铜回收率81.92%、含铅6.71%的铜精矿,铅品位45.89%、铅回收率70.09%、含铜1.69%的铅精矿,实现了矿石中铜铅的有效分离。     

风化型稀土矿的矿石性质研究

本文研究分析了产于我国两类特有的风化型稀土矿矿石性质。发现风化淋积型稀土矿中稀土赋存是以羟基水合离子吸附在粘土矿物上，矿石具有含水多样性，酸碱缓冲性，吸附稀土离子的化学稳定性和可交换性，稀土配分类型多样性及铈亏效应。黑色风化矿泥中稀土是以胶态沉积相均匀分散在Ｍｎ－Ｆｅ氧化物表面赋存，矿石是非晶相的含稀土泥状集合体，稀土配分是典型的轻稀土配分选择型。     

某含金铁矿石选矿试验研究

要：某含金铁矿石属于变质沉积型铁矿石,主要金属矿物为赤铁矿和磁铁矿,还含有品位为1.09×10-6的金。金矿物嵌布粒度极细且赋存在赤铁矿物中,使得金与铁很难分离。经过“（粗磨）弱磁选+（细磨）浮选+中强磁选”的联合选矿工艺试验流程,得到含金品位53.37×10-6、金选矿回收率60.47%的金精矿,得到含铁品位64.41%、铁选矿回收率75.51%、产率62.06%的铁精矿,选矿技术指标较好。磨矿细度对金矿物的回收和弱磁性铁矿物都至关重要,为了降低磨矿成本,采用阶段磨矿和阶段选别较为有利。