非弹性体增韧高分子材料的研究进展

对近些年来热塑性树脂增韧体系、核壳粒子增韧体系、液晶高聚物增韧体系及无机刚性粒子增韧体系等增韧高分子材料的研究进展进行了综述。指出非弹性体增韧拓展了高分子材料增韧改性研究的新领域；纳米粒子增韧开辟了高分子材料的研究新方向。     

PS增韧改性的研究进展

介绍了目前国内外聚苯乙烯(PS)增韧改性的研究现状,分别对弹性体及非弹性体的增韧机理、影响增韧效果的因素和最近取得的成果做了概述。非弹性体增韧拓展了PS增韧改性研究的新领域,纳米粒子增韧开辟了PS增韧改性研究的新方向。     

尼龙增韧材料的研究现状

探讨了国内外尼龙材料增韧研究的现状,目前尼龙材料增韧主要集中于以下几个方面：用尼龙与弹性体共混制备超韧尼龙,包括聚烯烃类弹性体增韧尼龙,苯乙烯类嵌段共聚物增韧尼龙,核-壳型冲击改性剂增韧尼龙,以及离聚物为增容剂增韧尼龙;无机刚性粒子增韧尼龙,能在提高材料的抗冲击性能的同时,保证不降低其拉伸强度和刚性;有机刚性粒子增韧尼龙。     

聚甲醛基增韧改性材料研究进展

聚甲醛(POM)共混增韧是高分子学术界迄今未能很好解决的一个世界性难题,从弹性体增韧、刚性粒子增韧、合金化改性增韧等方面综述了国内外POM增韧改性的最新研究进展,同时对今后POM增韧改性的方向提出了建议。     

刚性粒子增韧机理研究进展

本文综述了刚性有机粒子增韧、刚性无机粒子增韧、纳米粒子增韧和刚性粒子一弹性体混合增韧的增韧机理。分析了影响刚性粒子增韧效果的因素。展望了增韧在通用塑料工程化、工程塑料高性能化趋势下的发展前景。     

环氧树脂的增强增韧

1 前言 环氧树脂(EP)问世60年以来以其优异性能至今保持着高性能高分子材料的地位.但是与热塑性树脂相比,环氧树脂最大缺点是其脆性.所以对EP的增韧研究由来已久,改性方法也多种多样,如用液态弹性体增韧;用交联的橡胶粒子增韧;用有机弹性体一无机填料复合改性;用核/壳型橡胶粒子改性;用热塑性工程合金塑料改性等.     

聚丙烯改性新进展

综述了橡胶或弹性体增韧PP及其机理，刚性粒子增韧及其机理和橡胶／刚性粒子／PP三元复合增韧体系，简要介绍了PP改性技术的最新进展以及PP综合改性的新思路。     

环氧树脂增韧改性研究进展

综述了环氧树脂(EP)的主要增韧方式(如橡胶类弹性体增韧、热塑性树脂增韧、纳米粒子增韧和液晶高分子材料增韧等),并阐述了室温固化EP胶粘剂的研究进展。最后对EP胶粘剂今后的增韧改性研究进行了展望。     

聚氯乙烯增韧改性剂及发展状况

综述了聚氯乙烯 (PVC)增韧改性剂的研究状况和技术进展 ,对增韧剂的机理、目前取得的研究成果作了概述 ,并对国内PVC增韧改性剂的发展前景进行了分析。结果表明 :弹性体增韧改性PVC可取得理想韧性 ,而单纯非弹性体增韧改性 ,特别是超细无机粒子甚至纳米粒子目前尚处于试验研究阶段     

纳米技术在弹性体增韧环氧树脂中的应用

综述了弹性体与无机纳米粒子协同增韧改性环氧树脂以及纳米弹性体粒子增韧环氧树脂的应用进展,并且对纳米技术在弹性体增韧环氧树脂中的应用进行了展望。     

Observation for mechanical property variations of single polymer particles

Monodisperse polymer particles were prepared via conventional microsuspension polymerization or one‐step seeded polymerization, using 1,6‐hexanedioldiacrylate or its mixture with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinking monomer and poly(methyl methacrylate) synthesized by soap‐free polymerization as seed particles. For the study, the effects of the ratio of the absorbed monomer or monomer mixture to the seed polymer particles (swelling ratio), the ratio of EGDMA in absorbed monomer mixture, the dosage of initiator, polymer particle structure, and the electroless Ni plating on the mechanical properties of polymer particles, such as recovery rate, K‐values, breaking strength, and breaking displacement were investigated using micro compression test. It was observed that monomer swelling ratio influenced only on breaking strength, whereas EGDMA ratio in monomer mixture, dosage of initiator, polymer structure and electroless Ni plating did on both K‐values and breaking strength. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Investigation for surface morphology and mechanical property variations of single polymer particles

Monodisperse polymer particles were prepared via one‐step seeded polymerization using polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), or styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer [poly(ST‐co‐MMA)] as seed particles and 1,6‐hexanedioldiacrylate or divinylbenzene as crosslinking monomer. For the study, the effects of the combination of seed polymer and crosslinking monomer, the ratio of the absorbed monomer to the seed polymer particles (swelling ratio: S/R), and the seeded polymerization rate on the variation of surface morphology and mechanical properties of polymer particles, such as recovery rate, K‐values, breaking strength, and breaking displacement were investigated by using microcompression test. It was observed that the surface morphology could be controlled by changing polymerization rate or combination of seed polymer and crosslinking monomer, and it had a great influence on mechanical properties, especially the breaking strength. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2350–2360, 2007     

丁二烯气相聚合过程中聚合物颗粒增长的动态研究

An experimental apparatus composed of microscope, video camera, image-processing, and mini reactor which can be used for real-time measurement of the growth of polymer particle in gas phase polymerization was built up to carry out dynamic study of gas phase polymerization of butadiene by heterogeneous catalyst based on neodymium(Nd). The studies of the shape duplication of polymer particles and catalyst particles and the growth rate of polymer paxticle were made. Results show that the appaxatus and procedure designed can be well utilizedto make dynamic observation and data collection of the growth of polymer particle in gas phase polymerization.A phenomenon of shape duplication of polymer particles and catalyst particles was observed by the real-time measurement. The result also concludes that the activity of individual catalyst particle is different, and the effect of reaction pressure on the growth of polymer particle is significant.     

Preparation and characterization of fluorescent polymer magnetic particles

Magnetic iron oxide (maghemite, Fe₃O₄) particles were encapsulated with fluorescent polymer phase. The resulting fluorescent magnetic polymer particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimeter analysis (TGA), reflection optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Fritsch particle sizer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements. FTIR and XRD confirmed the presence of iron oxide in polymer phase. The TGA and DSC measurements indicated that the magnetic polymer particles have more than 50% iron oxide content and high thermal stability. SEM and reflection optical microscopy under UV light revealed that all maghemite particles were embedded in the polymer spheres and have fluorescent characteristics. The size‐distribution analysis of prepared magnetic particles was shown that the means diameter of the particles slightly increased. According to our magnetometry data, shape of the loops evidences the ferromagnetic character of the material and no evidence of superparamagnetism was seen. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Composite polymer particles with a gradated resin composition by suspension polymerization

We have conducted a study of composite polymer particles with a gradated resin composition by suspension polymerization, in which the resin composition gradually changes from the surface to the center of the particles. The binder resin of the polymer particles consists primarily of styrene, butyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid (MAA). Fourier transform infrared/photoacoustic spectroscopy analysis of the polymer particles by suspension polymerization has proved that MAA, having a higher polarity, concentrates near the surface of the particles, and this results in a formation similar to a core–shell structure. These composite polymer particles are excellent in blocking resistivity because the resin, containing a higher concentration of MAA, has a high glass‐transition temperature. Composite polymer particles with a gradated MAA concentration could be used for toner applications in low‐power hot‐roll fusing electrophotography systems because the melting property of the core resin is controlled and allows fusing at lower temperatures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 682–690, 2005     

无机粒子对聚合物共混物相容性及相结构的影响

综述了无机粒子的引入对部分相容聚合物共混体系相行为和相结构演变的影响,同时介绍了无机粒子的引入对不相容聚合物共混体系热力学相容性和相结构演变(包括分散相的尺寸和形状、相转变及共连续结构的稳定性)的影响,并指出了今后研究中需要解决的一些问题。     

用多粒模型模拟丁二烯气相聚合的颗粒增长

Gas phase polymerization of butadiene by neodymium catalyst was modeled. The effects of mass and heat transfer resistances in the external boundary layer and within particles, sorption of butadiene in polybutadiene,and deactivation of active sites on polymer particle growth and morphology were studied. Simulation results show that the effects of intraparticle mass and heat transfer resistances on the growth rate of polymer particles are insignificant, and that there is no significant effect of mass transfer resistance on the morphology of polymer particles.The simulation results were compared with the experimental results.     

Formation of microheterogeneous film from composite polymer emulsion prepared by the stepwise heterocoagulation method

Blend emulsion of 2 kinds of particles, in which composite polymer particles were prepared by utilizing the stepwise heterocoagulation method proposed by the authors in 1990, was cast to prepare a microheterogeneous film. In the film, a discontinuous phase consisted of large anionic hard polymer particles and a continuous one consisted of small cationic soft polymer particles with the content of 30 wt % as film-forming additives. The storage stabilities of the blend emulsions after the stepwise heterocoagulation were examined under various conditions. The morphology of the film prepared was estimated from attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and dynamic mechanical spectroscopic measurements. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2221–2228, 1998     

Surface modification of polystyrene particles for specific antibody adsorption

Biospecific interactions between biological molecules such as antibodies and polymer particles bearing the chemical groups capable of mimicking natural bioactive sites were investigated. Polystyrene particles were substituted by various amino-acids and exposed to antiviral antibodies directed against two different enveloped viruses related to the Arbovirus group. Functionalization yields of polystyrene particles were found to depend on the nature of the amino-acid. The interactions between the functionalized latexes and the antiviral antibodies were systematically compared to the interactions with the ‘non-antiviral’ antibodies. Results indicated that the adsorption of antiviral antibodies depends on the chemical composition of the polystyrene particles surface, i.e. substituted amino acid, the amount of substitution and the surface charge density of the polymer particles. These differences are illustrated by variation in the immunoglobulin adsorption capacities and in the affinity constants. Therefore amongst the assessed polystyrene derivatives, some precise compositions were shown to display specificity to one antiviral antibody whereas other compositions displayed specificity to both antiviral antibodies but with different affinities.     

Particle nucleation in emulsion copolymerization containing multifunctional monomers

Characteristic features of particle nucleation and growth in the emulsion copolymerization of styrene and multifunctional monomers such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and divinylbenzene were investigated. It was found that in these emulsion copolymerization systems the rate of polymerization per particle decreased drastically with an increase in the content of the multifunctional monomer in the initial monomer feed, and the number of polymer particles produced, on the other hand, increased corresponding to the decrease in the rate of polymerization per particle. The increase in the number of polymer particles produced was explained on the basis of Smith-Ewart theory, which predicts that the number of polymer particles produced would increase inversely proportional to the 0.4 power of the volumetric growth rate per particle, that is the rate of polymerization per particle during the interval of particle formation (Interval I). It was pointed out that the decrease in the rate of polymerization per particle in Interval I would be due mainly to a decrease in the monomer concentration in the polymer particles which was caused by crosslinking networks of the resultant polymer.