含硫易切削钢夹杂物控制试验研究

通过高温试验研究了钙处理和镁处理对含硫易切削钢中夹杂物的控制效果。钙处理后钢中夹杂物为CaAl-O+(Ca,Mn)S复合夹杂物、(Ca,Mn)S以及Mn S夹杂物;镁处理后钢中夹杂物为Mg Al2O4+(Mg,Mn)S、Al2O3+Mn S复合夹杂物、(Mg,Mn)S以及Mn S夹杂物。钙处理和镁处理后钢中的复合夹杂物所占比例分别为0.67%和3.57%。镁处理后钢中Ⅱ类Mn S夹杂物明显减少,91.7%的夹杂物尺寸小于3μm,纺锤率达到72.5%,其对夹杂物的控制效果优于钙处理。     

国内外23CrNi3Mo钎具钢洁净度的差异

通过国内外23CrNi3Mo钎具钢的洁净度对比，找出在冶金环节上与国外钎具钢的差距，并对国外钎具钢中夹杂物的生成机理进行了理论热力学计算。结果表明，国外钎具钢的洁净度较高，易偏析元素砷、磷等含量远低于国内钎具钢；夹杂物的类型主要以单独的Mg Al O类夹杂物和Mg Al O外包裹MnS类夹杂物为主，夹杂物的尺寸主要为0～3 μm；纵截面上MnS夹杂物具有很明显的拉长现象，且具有很好的熔断效果，宽度为1 μm左右，纵横比为3～6。国内钎具钢中夹杂物主要为单独的Mg Al O类夹杂物和Mg Al O外包裹(Ca,Mn)S类夹杂物，尺寸以3～6 μm为主；纵截面上，单独的(Ca,Mn)S沿轧制方向几乎不变形。热力学计算表明，MnS类夹杂物的两次析出是导致Mg Al O类夹杂物的包裹率达到70%、复合类夹杂物尺寸较小的主要原因。     

关于YF45V（CaS）钢中夹杂物及易切化机理的研究

本文研究了YF45V(CaS)钢中夹杂物的组成、形状、分布、数量、大小以及在切削加工过程中的变形行为。发现了Mg,Al,O,Mn,Ca,S元素及Mg,Al,O,Ca,Si,S元素所组成的单层包裹及双层包裹的复合易切削夹杂物。提出了YF45V(CaS)钢切削加工性能显著改善的主要原因为复合夹杂物的包裹作用的观点。     

镁钙处理对车轮钢中夹杂物及疲劳性能的影响

在250 t钢包内对某车轮钢分别进行了镁、钙处理,探讨了夹杂物特征对钢疲劳寿命的影响,得出如下结论:镁处理、钙处理钢中T.O含量变化不大,均在0.0025％以下,但镁处理钢氮含量比钙处理钢普遍要低;钙处理精炼结束后钢中典型夹杂物主要为铝酸钙和(Ca,Mn)S,而镁处理钢中主要为尖晶石—铝酸钙复合夹杂物、尖晶石—硫化钙包裹型复合夹杂物,夹杂物尺寸较钙处理明显减小;当外部应力大于470 MPa后,镁处理钢的疲劳寿命几乎都大于钙处理钢,由此证明镁处理对改善钢的疲劳寿命有一定的贡献.     

镁对20MnCr5齿轮钢中夹杂物的改质研究

摘要：20MnCr5齿轮钢通常有较好的疲劳性能及切削性能,而钢中夹杂物是影响这些性能的重要因素。为了研究镁对20MnCr5齿轮钢中夹杂物的改质行为和规律,开展了相应的工业实验,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及非水溶液电解腐蚀技术对铸坯和轧材进行了分析。结果表明：镁处理后,钢液更加洁净,夹杂物数量变少,尺寸也变小;以Al2O3为核心外围包裹着MnS的复合夹杂,转变为以MgO·Al2O3为核心外围包裹着MnS的复合夹杂物,且复合夹杂物的占比从4.2%提高到8.3%。对轧材进行分析,发现镁的加入使20MnCr5轧材中长条状的硫化物更加短小弥散,硫化物的细系评级从2.5级显著降低到1.5级;由于复合夹杂物内部硬质MgO·Al2O3核心抑制了轧制过程中夹杂物的变形,使夹杂物保持球形或椭球形。     

稀土对H13钢中夹杂物的影响

通过对不同Ce含量的H13钢锻材中夹杂物的解剖,研究了Ce与H13钢中夹杂物的相互作用关系,并结合SEM+EDS和Factsage热力学软件对于Ce的改质过程和改质机理进行了研究和理论计算。结果表明,未加入稀土时,H13钢锻材中夹杂物以Mg Al2O4和Mg Al2O4外包覆富Ti相最外层包覆富Nb相的三层复合结构为主;当锻材中稀土含量为0.004%时,锻材中夹杂物的类型主要以Mg-Al-O与Ce Al O3的混合共生相和共生相外面包覆富Ti相的双层复合结构为主;当锻材中稀土含量为0.034%时,锻材中夹杂物的类型变为Ce2O3、Ce2O2S和富Ti相富Nb相的混合共生相。Ce先将Mg Al2O4改质为Ce Al O3,然后改质为Ce2O3或Ce2O2S。Mg Al2O4和Ce Al O3都能作为富Ti相的异质形核核心,Ce2O3和Ce2O2S对于富Ti相的异质形核具有很好的抑制效果。Ce可以与痕量元素As进行有效的结合,夹杂物存在形式有两种:一种为RE-As-O/S夹杂物;另一种为Ce-As夹杂物在Ce-O或Ce-O-S外表面包裹析出。Factsage对于Ce改质Mg-Al-O系夹杂物的理论计算结果与实验观察结果基本一致。     

超低碳钢钢中夹杂物的研究

为控制超低碳钢中的簇状夹杂物,对超低碳钢中的夹杂物和与全氧含量的关系进行了研究.钢中的夹杂物主要是Al2O3夹杂和Al2O3-TiN复合夹杂,独立夹杂物尺寸大部分小于10 μm.铸坯中w(TO)小于0.003 0%时,钢中仍存在簇状Al2O3夹杂;Al2O3簇状夹杂物与铸坯中全氧含量没有直接关系,所以钢中的全氧含量不能完全代表钢中夹杂物的水平.钢中的簇状Al2O3夹杂物与RH脱碳结束活度氧有关,要控制超低碳钢中簇状Al2O3夹杂物必须稳定生产工艺,减少RH加铝升温,使RH脱碳结束活度氧保持在一定范围.     

镁基合金精炼钢水的研究

本工作在实验室条件下,用含Mg合金对45号钢和转子钢(30CrMov)进行精炼试验,探讨了镁在脱硫、去气和夹杂物变性等方面的冶金效果与规律。结果表明,镁处理有明显的脱氧效果,在硫含量较高时也有一定的脱硫作用。脱氧与脱硫反应是同时进行的,转子钢经镁处理后钢中氧含量可降至5ppm。镁气泡的上浮是去除溶解氧、硫和排除夹杂物的重要因素。用镁处理后钢中非金属夹杂物的形态基本得到了控制,轧材中硫化物可塑性降低。典型的夹杂物力Mg—A1(Si)—O—S和Mg—S—Mn型夹杂物。轧材样中还有一些Mg—O—S夹杂存在。在中性气氛下用镁处理钢液有明显的脱氮效果,氮的去除与镁气泡的上浮有密切关系,脱氮过程服从二级反应模型。     

超低氧齿轮钢28MnCr5中镁铝尖晶石夹杂物的控制

利用FactSage软件对28MnCr5钢液和镁铝尖晶石夹杂物的平衡反应进行了分析,当w[Al]在0.02%~0.04%之间,w[Mg](0.39~0.42)×10-6的临界范围时开始生成镁铝尖晶石。计算发现:在现有28MnCr5钢精炼工艺条件下,钢液中会不可避免生成镁铝尖晶石夹杂物。当钢液w[Mg]8.5×10-6时,加入钙不能使其转变成低熔点液态夹杂物;而当钢液w[Mg]小于此值时,增加w[Ca]时,夹杂物按照"镁铝尖晶石→CaO-Al2O3-MgO系液态夹杂物→CaO"路径转变,钢液w[Ca]增加至3×10-6左右时均能将其转化为CaO-Al2O3-MgO系液态夹杂物。计算表明,精炼渣还原提供的[Ca]不能使28MnCr5钢中镁铝尖晶石夹杂物完全变性,须采用向钢液中喂钙线等手段来提高钢液中的钙含量。     

不同成分体系无取向电工钢中夹杂物和析出物对比

采用ASPEX自动扫描电镜和场发射扫描电镜,分析了不同铝、硅质量分数的无取向电工钢中的夹杂物和析出物的种类和形貌特征。采用FactSage热力学软件对夹杂物和析出物的形成进行了热力学分析。随着无取向电工钢中铝质量分数增加,氧化物类型转变规律为SiO2-Al2O3-MnO→Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3。对于铝脱氧无取向电工钢,氮化物类型为多边形的AlN。钢中铝质量分数和AlN的平均尺寸之间符合以下公式:{d}μm=3.75·[%Al]-0.57。随着铝质量分数增加,对耐火材料的侵蚀逐渐增强,钢中的镁质量分数逐渐增加。随着无取向电工钢中镁质量分数增加和硫含量降低,硫化物的转变规律为:(Mn,Cu)S→(Mn,Mg)S→MgS。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.