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海外市场对低档擦手纸的需求增加擦手纸主要用在宾馆、酒店、机场、写字楼等公共场合,消费量呈快速增长趋势。根据所使用的原料和生产设备不同,擦手纸一般分为高、中、低档。高档用全木浆生产,中档用麦草、芦苇等草类浆生产,低档用白纸边和脱墨废纸浆生产。低档擦手纸在欧美等海外市场需求量增大。在美国、西欧和日本,公共场所都免费提供擦手纸,因此消费量很大。由于环保意识强,用脱墨废纸浆(DIP)生产的擦手纸在发达国家很受欢迎。与其他出口产品一样,擦手纸占领海外市场的关键是稳定的质量和合适的价格。企业要想拿到海外订单,必须作好软…     

低档擦手纸海外市场需求大

擦手纸目前国内主要用于宾馆、酒店、机场、写字楼等公共场合,消费量呈快速增长趋势。根据所使用的原料和生产设备不同,擦手纸一般分为高、中、低档。高档用全木浆生产,中档用麦草、芦苇等草类浆生产,低档用白纸边和脱墨废纸浆生产。低档擦手纸在欧美等地的海外市场需求量大,在美国、西欧和日本,任何一个公共场所都免费提供擦手纸,因此消费量很大。由于环保意识强,用脱墨废纸浆(DIP)生产的擦手纸在发达国家很受欢迎。和其他出口产品一样,擦手纸占领海外市场的关键是稳定的质量和合适的价格。出口产品企业要抓住商机拿到海外订单,必须作好…     

改产擦手纸的工艺流程和设备调整

介绍了广西贵糖（集团）股份有限公司1760 mm文化纸机改产擦手纸的产工艺流程和生产工艺技术特点,通过对擦手纸生产工艺和产品质量的控制,对擦手纸生产的工艺技术进行探讨。     

浅谈擦手纸的生产工艺

本文介绍了两种不同类型的纸机生产擦手纸的生产工艺流程及工艺技术特点。通过对两种类型纸机的生产工艺及产品质量的对比,对擦手纸的生产工艺技术进行了探讨。     

改产擦手纸的工艺流程和设备调整

介绍了广西贵糖（集团）股份有限公司1760mm文化纸机改产擦手纸的生产工艺流程和生产工艺技术特点,对擦手纸生产工艺和产品质量的控制进行探讨。     

两种纸机擦手纸生产工艺的对比

介绍了两种不同类型的纸机生产的擦手纸的生产工艺流程及工艺技术特点,通过对两种类型的纸机的生产工艺流程及工艺技术条件及产品质量的对比。对擦手纸的生产工艺技术进行一些探讨。     

浅谈擦手纸的生产工艺

介绍了两种不同类型的纸机生产的擦手纸的生产工艺流程及工艺技术特点,通过对两种类型的纸机的生产工艺流程及工艺技术条件及产品质量的对比,对擦手纸的生产工艺技术进行一些探讨。     

东莞达林纸业公司国内首家采用废纸规模化生产擦手纸

<正>本刊讯长期用废纸原料生产包装纸板的东莞市达林纸业有限公司最近已进入生活用纸行业,成为国内首家用回收废纸规模化生产擦手纸的造纸企业,日产35t擦手纸的一期项目生产线前不久已正式投产。     

阳离子PAE在擦手纸中的应用

擦手纸是生活用纸中一次性卫生用品，主要用于酒店、宾馆、高档写字楼等公共场所洗手间和家庭。由于擦手纸纸质柔软、舒适，使用方便，所以其消费量呈逐年递增之态势，其消费量增速远大于其他纸品。目前主要消费区集中于长三角、珠三角、港澳等经济较发达地区，由于擦手纸的热销也推动了原纸的生产，但目前国内质量参差不齐。擦手纸在使用过程中需要一定的湿强度，否则会影响其使用效果。本文结合企业实践，介绍一下阳离子PAE在擦手纸中的应用情况。     

长网双缸卫生纸棚生产擦手纸实例

2014年元月，笔者赴广西江南纸业进行了为期5天的考察，对利用100％蔗渣浆或70％蔗渣浆配30％木浆生产擦手纸的实际情况进行了深入调查了解。江南纸业目前生产规模虽不大（日产54t），但有一定的特色，为行业利用蔗渣浆为主要原料生产擦手纸，同时也为草浆生产擦手纸探索出了一条路子。现就笔者了解的情况报告如下：     

废旧毛巾增强热固性复合材料的制备及拉伸性能研究

为寻求一种流程更短、可操作性更强的废旧毛巾回收再利用方法,以不同面密度的废旧毛巾,使用手糊成型法制备了废旧毛巾/不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料薄板,并对复合材料的拉伸性能进行测试。结果表明:废旧毛巾/不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料薄板成型良好,结构均匀,并具有较优的拉伸力学性能,可满足汽车内饰材料等的应用要求。     

亚麻/竹纤维混纺毛巾织物前处理方法对比

亚麻/竹纤维毛巾具有区别于传统纯棉、超细涤纶毛巾的保健、抗菌功能。为了改善传统毛巾强碱冷堆或溢流炼漂前处理工艺带来的助剂消耗及强碱污水处理难等问题,采用超声波辅助复合酶、卜公茶皂素前处理工艺,并与常规工艺进行对比。优化超声波-复合酶前处理工艺为:复合酶2%(omf)、双氧水8 g/L、pH=8、反应时间30 min、浴比1∶30,在此工艺下,织物白度为82.5,毛效为10.8 cm,强力损失率为9.78%,手感为4~5级。     

Outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. Part 9. Washing and drying of hands to reduce microbial contamination

During various daily activities at home and work, hands quickly become contaminated. Some activities increase the risk of finger contamination by pathogens more than others, such as the use of toilet paper to clean up following a diarrheal episode, changing the diaper of a sick infant, blowing a nose, or touching raw food materials. Many foodborne outbreak investigation reports have identified the hands of food workers as the source of pathogens in the implicated food. The most convenient and efficient way of removing pathogens from hands is through hand washing. Important components of hand washing are potable water for rinsing and soaps to loosen microbes from the skin. Hand washing should occur after any activity that soils hands and certainly before preparing, serving, or eating food. Antimicrobial soaps are marginally more effective than plain soaps, but constant use results in a buildup of the antimicrobial compound on the skin. The time taken to wash hands and the degree of friction generated during lathering are more important than water temperature for removing soil and microorganisms. However, excessive washing and scrubbing can cause skin damage and infections. Drying hands with a towel removes pathogens first by friction during rubbing with the drying material and then by wicking away the moisture into that material. Paper rather than cloth towels should be encouraged, although single-use cloth towels are present in the washrooms of higher class hotels and restaurants. Warm air dryers remove moisture and any surface microorganisms loosened by washing from hands by evaporation while the hands are rubbed together vigorously; however, these dryers take too long for efficient use. The newer dryers with high-speed air blades can achieve dryness in 10 to 15 s without hand rubbing.     

婴幼童口水巾产品唾液吸收性能测试及评价方法研究北大核心CSCD

口水巾是婴幼儿必备的清洁纺织品,但目前国内外对口水巾产品的唾液吸收性能尚无标准方法。为研究制定适用于口水巾的唾液吸收性能的测试方法和评判准则,文章以人造唾液为溶液,选择合适的仪器、材料,探究试验方法,将样品分为针织和机织纱布两组,每组各有3种样品,通过测试样品在唾液中的芯吸高度、滴液扩散时间、抗渗液性,得出产品颜色、层数、组织结构、纵横向对产品的唾液吸收能力有不同程度的影响,吸收效果最佳的是A组针织蓝色围嘴,吸收效果最差的是B组6层鼓包纱布三角巾。进一步总结试验方案,研究制定适用于口水巾的唾液吸收性能的标准。     

全棉毛巾染整主要工序水足迹核算与评价

以新疆某纺织企业染整车间为例,运用水短缺足迹和水劣化足迹理论对浅中深色全棉毛巾染整主要工序的水足迹进行核算和评价,研究水足迹的分布特点.结果表明:后整理工序的水短缺足迹最大,分别占浅中深色毛巾水短缺足迹的36.36％、50.00％、56.25％;前处理工序的水富营养化足迹最大,分别占浅中深色毛巾水富营养化足迹的58.8...     

Home textile as a potential pathway for dermal exposure to trace elements: assessment of health risks

The concentrations of trace elements were analysed in samples of home textiles (i.e. towels, bedclothes and pyjamas). Arsenic, Be, Cd, Sc, Se, Sm and Tl levels were below their respective detection limits, while Hg, Mo and V could be only detected in a few samples. The highest mean levels corresponded to Mg, Cu andSb. In agreement with previous findings in casual wear, home textiles made of polyester, either exclusively or partially, showed significantly higher levels of Sb than those made of cotton, while Ti levels were also significantly higher in synthetic fibre items. The levels of Cr and Cu were especially relevant in colour clothes. The dermal absorption of trace elements during sleeping and towels use were also estimated, being the health risks subsequently assessed. The maximum hazard quotient (HQ) for all elements was well below 0.01, indicating a safe situation. The only exception was Sb, whose HQ due to bedclothes/pyjamas and towels use was 0.4 and >1, respectively. Comparing with other daily activities, towels use, by towel-to-hand-to-mouth effect, was the most relevant action leading to dermal exposure for most trace elements. In general terms, cancer risks did not exceed threshold levels, excepting Cr(VI), whose risk was above 10^-5.     

Effect of different premilking manual teat-cleaning methods on bacterial spores in milk

Different teat-cleaning methods were evaluated to determine their effect on the presence of spores from anaerobic bacterial spore-formers in the milk. Artificial contamination was used to achieve uniform contamination of teats to reduce the number of cows and samples needed in the experiments and still obtain adequate power to detect differences among tested methods. Teats were contaminated experimentally with a large amount of Clostridium tyrobutyricum spores in a manure-water slurry. Various types of dry and moistened towels and different combinations of methods using soap or 2 types of towels, together with cleaning times of 10 or 20 s, were compared in 2 Latin square-designed experiments with 7 cows, 7 treatments, and 4 replications in each experiment. In comparison with control (no cleaning and no forestripping), cleaning teats with dry paper towels for 10 s reduced concentration of spores in milk by 45 to 50%. A 50 to 74% reduction was achieved using different types of moist towels for 10 s. Methods using 2 towels, soap, or a longer cleaning time reduced bacterial contamination by 85 to 91%. The most effective methods in reducing milk spore content (96% reduction) were use of a moist washable towel with or without soap followed by drying with a dry paper towel, for a total time of 20 s per cow. One of the best cleaning methods was studied in an additional experiment to determine the effect of different teat contamination mixtures. The Latin square-designed experiment with 8 cows, 8 treatments, and 2 replications showed that cleaning was independent of the tested contamination matrix (manure, soil, or sawdust), type of spores (Cl. tyrobutyricum and Bacillus cereus), or degree of contamination (manure or extra manure).     

维他命后整理毛巾的研制与生产

叙述了维他命后整理毛巾的研制过程及其功能与作用。毛巾经Filcoat 30G 3％、Vita White MC22％溶液浸轧→烘干(80℃)→焙烘(130℃,2min)后具有较好的耐洗性和手感,同时具有美容护肤、增强免疫力的功能。     

SaniTwice: a novel approach to hand hygiene for reducing bacterial contamination on hands when soap and water are unavailable

The risk of inadequate hand hygiene in food handling settings is exacerbated when water is limited or unavailable, thereby making washing with soap and water difficult. The SaniTwice method involves application of excess alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS), hand "washing" for 15 s, and thorough cleaning with paper towels while hands are still wet, followed by a standard application of ABHS. This study investigated the effectiveness of the SaniTwice methodology as an alternative to hand washing for cleaning and removal of microorganisms. On hands moderately soiled with beef broth containing Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), washing with a nonantimicrobial hand washing product achieved a 2.86 (±0.64)-log reduction in microbial contamination compared with the baseline, whereas the SaniTwice method with 62 % ethanol (EtOH) gel, 62 % EtOH foam, and 70 % EtOH advanced formula gel achieved reductions of 2.64 ± 0.89, 3.64 ± 0.57, and 4.61 ± 0.33 log units, respectively. When hands were heavily soiled from handling raw hamburger containing E. coli, washing with nonantimicrobial hand washing product and antimicrobial hand washing product achieved reductions of 2.65 ± 0.33 and 2.69 ± 0.32 log units, respectively, whereas SaniTwice with 62 % EtOH foam, 70 % EtOH gel, and 70 % EtOH advanced formula gel achieved reductions of 2.87 ± 0.42, 2.99 ± 0.51, and 3.92 ± 0.65 log units, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of the SaniTwice regimen with various ABHS is equivalent to or exceeds that of the standard hand washing approach as specified in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Food Code. Implementation of the SaniTwice regimen in food handling settings with limited water availability should significantly reduce the risk of foodborne infections resulting from inadequate hand hygiene.     

无捻纱在毛巾织物中的应用

无绍无捻纱的组成、性能、特点。阐述无捻纱在毛巾织物中应用的原理及工艺实践。