城市总体规划战略环境评价层次性分析

城市总体规划是指导城市发展和建设的法定性文件,也是实施城市建设、城市管理的基本依据,对规范城市土地开发活动,保护和改善生态环境,具有重要的指导意义。城市总体规划引入战略环境评价,能够为环境与发展综合决策机制提供技术支持。该文通过对城市总体规划战略环境评价的层次性研究,阐述战略环境评价在城市发展中的重要性和科学性。     

空间战略规划:在实践中寻求超越

针对国内大量出现的战略规划 ,本文提供了一个理论分析的视角和一个实践研究框架 ,并从概念、地位和发展前景的角度对战略规划进行了初步分析     

Land Use Conflict Across the Airport Fence: Competing Urban Policy,Planning and Priority in Australia

Land use planning within and surrounding privatised Australian capital city airports is a fragmented process as a result of: current legislative and policy frameworks; competing stakeholder priorities and interests; and inadequate coordination and disjointed decision-making. Three Australian case studies are examined to detail the context of airport and regional land use planning. Stakeholder Land Use Forums within each case study have served to inform the procedural dynamics and relationships between airport and regional land use decision-making. This article identifies significant themes and stakeholder perspectives regarding on-airport development and broader urban land use policy and planning. First, it outlines the concept of the “airport city” and examines the model of airport and regional “interfaces.” Then, it details the policy context that differentiates on-airport land use planning from planning within the surrounding region. The article then analyses the results of the Land Use Forums identifying key themes within the shared and reciprocal interfaces of governance, environment, economic development and infrastructure. The article concludes by detailing the implications of this research to broader urban planning and highlights the core issues contributing to the fragmentation of airport and regional land use planning policy.     

城市总体战略规划实施策划机制探讨——以广州市城市总体发展战略规划为例

规划的实施,一方面要求规划自身具有较高的实施可能性,另一方面要求在编制规划的同时进行实施策划与编制行动计划.在广州市城市总体发展战略规划的编制与实施中,前期策划、中期策划和后续策划得到了很好的贯彻,其强化前期策划研究、建立成果转化机制、滚动编制行动计划等做法保障了规划的实施.     

土地利用规划与城市规划协调研究

针对当前土地利用规划与城市规划的编制与实施之间产生的矛盾，根据规划及社会经济发展的基本原则，探求“两规”协调的理论基础和法律依据，在此基础上，寻找“两规”协调的切入点，并提出了相应的解决措施。     

土地利用总体规划与城市规划协调机制探讨

针对土地利用总体规划与城市规划不协调带来的问题,分析不协调的根源,探求两者之间协调的理论基础,从规划编制、基础数据、规划实施管理等方面寻求两者的协调对策。     

Regulatory Practices of Urban Agriculture: A Connection to Planning and Policy

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Municipalities across the United States are gradually recognizing urban agriculture as an integral part of planning, land use, and zoning ordinances. We review the literature on the regulation of urban agriculture at a moment when policy and regulatory vacuums exist and the acceptance and integration of urban agriculture is uneven. We review the current regulatory practices of 40 metropolitan and 40 micropolitan municipalities in the 4 U.S. Census regions. We find that municipalities are filling policy vacuums by adopting enabling ordinances (zoning ordinances, land use designations, resolutions), regulations on urban agriculture production (backyard animals, built structures, practitioner responsibility), and fiscal policy instruments (restrictions on sales of agricultural products, tax abatement, urban agriculture fees). Our findings support local planning practitioners in filling regulatory gaps, practitioners of urban agriculture in seeking how it’s done elsewhere, and researchers in discerning new applied and basic research projects. We identify 3 principal knowledge gaps: Planners need a complete typology of regulatory possibilities; a better understanding of how local, state, and federal legislations constrain or enable urban agriculture; and empirical evidence of the economic, social, and environmental impacts of urban agriculture.

Takeaway for practice: Planners should assess existing urban agricultural practices and consider which regulatory frameworks best support multiple local goals, incorporating a concern with urban agriculture into ongoing activities, deploying existing or innovative land use tools, facilitating institutional cooperation, and promoting inclusive decision making and community engagement.     

城市发展空间战略规划研究——以江苏省昆山市为例

近年来城市发展空间战略规划作为改善城市空间结构、提高城市竞争力的手段在规划实践中发挥着积极作用.然而对于空间战略规划应当遵循怎样的发展思路,研究哪些内容以及如何去研究,还存在值得探讨的空间.笔者结合为江苏省昆山市所作的相关研究,对运用空间战略规划促使城市空间结构从无序走向有序,提出了理性增长战略及相关政策建议.     

国外城市土地利用规划的启示

针对目前的新一轮土地利用规划修编．在对国外规划理念分析研究的基础上．结合我国土地利用规划的实际．借鉴国外规划中相关的新理念、新技术和新方法，提出了今后需要改进的措施。     

"资源紧约束"条件下两规的有序衔接——基于上海"两规合一"工作的探索和实践

从探索上海城市总体规划和土地利用总体规划相互衔接的实践出发,从理论综合和实践分析的角度,总结城市总体规划和土地利用总体规划的目标、特征和实施途径、工作效果,.对探索当前资源约束条件下特大城市"两规合一"的工作方法作了研究.     

Planning Our Future: Institutionalizing Youth Participation in Local Government Planning Efforts

ABSTRACT

There is a growing recognition globally that young people are under-represented or excluded from planning processes, and that this exclusion could have lasting impacts on their development as citizens and their interaction with the built environment. This article focuses on the extent to which youth participation is institutionalized in local government planning efforts in the United States and what explains this institutionalization. Consequently, what are the barriers and local attitudes towards youth participation? The primary data collection for this study is through an online survey that was sent to the census of California local governments. Results show that institutionalization of youth participation in local governance, through local prioritization of youth participation and emphasis of such participation in master plans, is low. Multiple linear regression is used to isolate the factors affecting institutionalization. Anticipated benefits are many, and barriers are primarily capacity related.     

From modernist landscapes to New Nature: Planning of rural utopias in the Netherlands

After a general introduction considering the notion of ‘landscape’, this paper is concerned with changes in planning attitudes and ways of design in the Dutch 20th-century landscape. Such changes of attitude are exemplified by specific large-scale landscape projects as paradigmatic cases. The main tendencies in the first half of the 20th century were modernization, rationalization, and intensification of the landscape for agricultural production, as shown in the case of the Netherlands, where such policies were initiated at a national planning level. At the end of the century, however, an attempt is seen to find a balance between modernization and the values of ‘nature’. Nature becomes an independent entity that can be designed and re-created, if necessary, as is the case in the Dutch landscape. This shift marks an important change in the approach to ‘landscape’: from a productive agricultural landscape to a re-naturalized landscape for recreational purposes. At present both of these opposed—more rationalist and more romanticist approaches—can be noticed in the practice of national and large-scale planning for the Dutch rural environment.     

From modernist landscapes to New Nature: Planning of rural utopias in the Netherlands

After a general introduction considering the notion of 'landscape', this paper is concerned with changes in planning attitudes and ways of design in the Dutch 20th-century landscape. Such changes of attitude are exemplified by specific large-scale landscape projects as paradigmatic cases. The main tendencies in the first half of the 20th century were modernization, rationalization, and intensification of the landscape for agricultural production, as shown in the case of the Netherlands, where such policies were initiated at a national planning level. At the end of the century, however, an attempt is seen to find a balance between modernization and the values of 'nature'. Nature becomes an independent entity that can be designed and re-created, if necessary, as is the case in the Dutch landscape. This shift marks an important change in the approach to 'landscape': from a productive agricultural landscape to a re-naturalized landscape for recreational purposes. At present both of these opposed—more rationalist and more romanticist approaches—can be noticed in the practice of national and large-scale planning for the Dutch rural environment.     

城市空间发展战略规划诊断研究初探

城市发展过程中出现的问题总是缓慢渐变的,传统问题导向的规划往往不能及时发现这些问题,因而总是错过了解决问题的最佳时机。介于此,该文通过借鉴医学诊断和企业诊断的研究方法,对城市空间发展战略进行诊断研究,尝试建立较为系统的诊断基础框架,以期对城市空间发展战略进行动态、持续的控制,更高效地管理城市发展。     

对现行城市土地利用规划的生态反思

本文立足城市土地利用规划对城市生态系统发展所具有的重要作用 ,分析了现行城市土地利用规划制定过程中存在的一系列相关生态问题 ,以及这些问题可能会带来的不良后果。针对这种情况 ,提出建立以生态平衡和可持续发展为基础的新型城市土地利用规划 :从制定新的土地利用及评价标准体系入手 ,在原有土地利用建设经济性指标基础上增加土地自然生态功能指标、土地社会经济性指标、土地文化资源指标三方面内容 ,为全面剖析城市“土地”的生态综合价值提供系统科学的依据 ;在规划编制中根据新标准增加土地基本综合生态状况评析、土地利用潜力评估过程 ,以确定适地性的土地利用指标体系、土地利用方式方法、适宜的建设开发强度 ,建构科学合理的城市空间形态结构。使城市土地利用规划更符合城市生态系统的内在机制 ,切实发挥城市土地利用规划对城市生态系统建设的指导作用。     

Strategic Coastal-Defence Planning: The Role of the Planning System

If a shoreline management plan is to lead to sustainable coastal defences, a long-term strategic view is necessary. This paper examines the issues which are involved in shoreline management planning and the role of the planning system in achieving sustainable coastal defence. Using case studies from the Holderness coastline, it (a) reviews the options with respect to erosion control on a rapidly eroding coast, and (b) acknowledges the need to introduce change gradually if it is to be accepted. Specifically, it assesses the potential to use planning permission controls to prevent new development in areas where maintaining a hard defence line will interrupt longshore transport, with potentially significant down-drift effects.     

我国空间规划协调问题探讨——空间规划的国际经验借鉴与启示

与多数发达国家的空间规划融合在一个体系中不同,我国的制度特征和基本国情决定了其空间规划体系内部构成的多元化,一个行政层级往往有不同的空间规划并存,是一种并行体系.因此,空间规划协调不仅要考虑不同层级规划的上下衔接,还应该考虑同一层级不同种类规划之间的相互协调.本文借鉴发达国家空间规划体系经验,结合我国现行空间规划体系的问题所在,提出加强我国空间规划协调的原则及解决对策.     

Influencing Urban Planning Policy: An Exploration from the Perspective of Public Health

Human health requires the proper development and management of places through urban planning. This paper demonstrates how concerns for human health can become explicit matters for consideration in urban planning policy systems. Taking advantage of a rare opportunity to examine the policy development process, we combine a realist analysis, with a new institutional policy approach, to study a case of planning system review in Australia. These insights are useful for practitioners presented with similar opportunities for legislative influence. We also demonstrate the way this approach can be used in future research to develop rich insights into the forces at play in positioning health as explicitly related to urban governance.     

Metropolitan Transportation Planning: Lessons From the Past,Institutions for the Future

Problem, research strategy, and findings: There are more than 400 U.S. metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) overseeing multiple transportation projects totaling billions of dollars, yet these crucial organizations and their history and current role are generally unknown or confusing to many planning practitioners and scholars. MPOs face major challenges in developing meaningful long-range regional transportation plans, challenges rooted in their history that planners should understand as they grapple with metropolitan planning efforts. MPOs may approve projects and their funding, but disparate agencies and often competitive local governments control budgets and actually build projects. MPOs, moreover, do not fully represent all regional interests and have no control over the local land use decisions that would support less autocentric communities and human-powered modes. I provide a metareview of the history of regional transportation planning and the MPOs responsible for it, describing U.S. metropolitan transportation planning from the early 20th century. Federal legislation in the 1960s first suggested a regional forum for conversations about metropolitan transportation. Federal legislation in subsequent decades made incremental if incomplete progress toward creating a meaningful regional forum, adapting institutions and practices to increase stakeholder involvement as well as the scope of transport planning, yet MPOs have multiple limitations that planners can address.

Takeaway for practice: History suggests that MPOs can be a force for regional change. Planners and policymakers could anchor future reforms to MPOs’ existing legal and administrative frameworks. Planners should revisit the membership and voting structures of MPO boards to ensure better stakeholder representation and permit some MPOs to generate and direct transportation funds at the local level.     

探索以实施为导向、以公共政策为引导手段的战略规划——以《广州2020:城市总体发展战略规划》为例

在比较国内外关于战略规划的研究与实践后,总结战略规划的主要特点与面临问题,结合广州市2000年以来关于战略规划的实践与探索,对战略规划的研究方法以及战略规划影响下的城乡规划体系展开初步的讨论,指出以实施为导向,以公共政策为引导手段以及构建战略规划支撑下的新型城乡规划编制体系是提高规划实效性和时效性,更好发挥规划对城市发展与建设宏观指导作用的有效途径.