Housing locally: positioning Australian local government housing for a new century

Local government can play a significant role in facilitating better housing outcomes, but this role is seldom recognised by the sector itself or higher levels of government. This article examines the potential for Australian local governments to play an enhanced housing role by examining the range of initiatives undertaken by 21 metropolitan councils in New South Wales (NSW), Queensland, and Victoria. It argues that many councils now demonstrate significant innovation and leadership in addressing local housing needs, but that these efforts are often frustrated by poor planning frameworks and a lack of strategic policy at both State and Federal levels.     

Housing locally: positioning Australian local government housing for a new century

Local government can play a significant role in facilitating better housing outcomes, but this role is seldom recognised by the sector itself or higher levels of government. This article examines the potential for Australian local governments to play an enhanced housing role by examining the range of initiatives undertaken by 21 metropolitan councils in New South Wales (NSW), Queensland, and Victoria. It argues that many councils now demonstrate significant innovation and leadership in addressing local housing needs, but that these efforts are often frustrated by poor planning frameworks and a lack of strategic policy at both State and Federal levels.     

Managing Complex Spatial Planning Processes

This article surveys the way in which the idea of sustainable development is integrated into current spatial planning practice by Swedish local authorities. The Brundtland Report's definition of sustainable development calls for all dimensions of sustainability to be considered. Given that today's planning processes deal with large volumes of basic data where epistemological and technical knowledge must be co-ordinated with the actors' values and views of society, this makes spatial planning a very complex process for local planning authorities. The question is whether these ideals of sustainability are manageable in a complex planning situation. Case histories of the implementation process in Sweden indicate that local authorities seek to limit this complexity by dividing the main topics, i.e. ecological, social and economic, into separate planning processes and planning documents. Furthermore, each of the sustainability dimensions seems to be strengthened by social discourses, which can be recognised in the visions of the local plans. The various modes of planning correspond to and are strengthened by these discourses.     

Delivering Social Housing: Examining the Nexus between Social Housing and Democratic Planning

The construction of social housing in gentrifying neighbourhoods can ignite contestation, revealing tensions between economic imperatives, social policy and neighbourhood change. With a view to understanding how the convergence of these agendas preserve unpopular, but socially critical housing infrastructure, the aim of this paper is to explore how the challenges social housing implementation encounters across these agendas intersect with a broader agenda for local democratic planning. Using social housing as our empirical focus and directing attention to the gentrifying local government area of Port Phillip in Victoria, Australia, this paper reveals how a council’s main asset to support implementation – its policy frameworks – creates an urban narrative of social inclusivity and diversity. Through this case, we illustrate how elected officials and some residents draw from these policies to interject into episodes of community contestation, which we argue presents opportunities to expose and renew commitments to social housing over space and time.     

政府管制视野下德国空间规划框架及体系特点与启发

政府管制政府手段的核心目标是实现负外部效应削减,增加政府收益,提高人民福祉。空间规划作为社会资源调度和配置的工具必然需要政府监管。由于城镇化加速,现有空间规划监管体系已无法满足可持续发展的需求,各种问题已经凸显,如垂直管理机构各自表述和横向的多规并行等。文章在政府管制视野下对德国空间规划机构、运作和特点进行观察,尤其以其法规体系、内外部协同和多规整合等3个方面进行阐述,期望能够从中对中国的空间规划发展和改革提供有益的启示。     

地方院校城市规划毕业设计改革探讨

针对当前地方院校城市规划专业扩招,毕业设计存在的困难,从师资队伍、课题体系、管理模式等方面探讨地方院校城市规划毕业设计改革措施。     

日、英、美都市圈住房规划体系特征及其启示

东京、伦敦和纽约三大都市区的发展经验表明,构建区域层面的住房协同发展机制是解决大都市区住房问题,尤其是中低收入家庭住房问题的重要途径。日、英、美三国在城镇化快速发展时期,通过完善立法,界定政府和市场在住区开发中的责任;通过构建"都市圈—市区—社区"多个层面的住房规划体系,引导住区和公共服务配套协调推进;通过细分对象的住房需求预测,合理确定住房开发规模;通过落实各层面的住房保障安排,改善困难群体的住房条件。这些经验可为我国新型城镇化发展过程中解决大城市住房问题,尤其是中低收入家庭的住房问题提供借鉴。     

西安糜家桥住宅小区规划设计浅析

本文通过对西安糜家桥住宅小区规划设计的实例分析,阐明了要做好一个住宅小区的规划,实质在于如何提高社会、环境、经济因素在内的综合效益。     

北京市保障房规划设计初探

近年来,随着北京市加大在保障房建设中的力度,诸如如何实现保障房的最佳利用、如何满足不同层次不同年龄家庭日常居住需求等最新出现的难题就亟待解决。本文结合历年来北京住房保障建设经验,寻求应如何合理解决问题的方法。     

空间再造:公共规划视角下的空间规划创新

20世纪80年代以来,中国城市化进程加速,城市形态发生了天翻地覆的变化,超常建设与公共空间的失落、城市病态主义与公共空间创新误区、疯狂复制速度与城市形象简陋等现象也随之出现,因此应从公共规划的视角进行城市空间的创新.空间功能性创新表现为城市功能的深刻转型,空间经济性创新包括空间的经济最大化价值创新和空间经济的性价比创新...     

构筑层次分明、上下协调的空间规划体系——德国经验对我国规划体制改革的启示

分析了我国空间规划目前存在的问题,研究了德国空间规划体系中每层次规划的主要目标功能,以及之间的协调关系。提出应借鉴德国经验,从整合规划、完善法律、转变观念、改革机构、强化区域规划等几个方面完善我国空间规划体系,以解决目前存在的问题,促进社会、经济、环境经协调发展。     

北京市保障房规划设计初探

近年来,随着北京市加大在保障房建设中的力度,诸如如何实现保障房的最佳利用、如何满足不同层次不同年龄家庭日常居住需求等最新出现的难题就亟待解决。本文结合历年来北京住房保障建设经验,寻求应如何合理解决问题的方法。     

1909 and all that: reflections on the Housing,Town Planning,Etc. Act 1909

As the pioneering legislation for town planning in Britain, the Housing, Town Planning Etc. Act 1909 has been the subject of analysis and discussion over the past half century. However, many commentators have argued that the Act was a timid measure that failed to achieve its intentions. The purpose of this study is to question that argument by re-examining both the Act and the commentaries on it. It does so by charting the historiography of the Act and then returning to the debates in Parliament and within the profession at the time the legislation was introduced and finally given Royal assent. It concludes that to regard the Act as a failure is to misunderstand its purpose as primarily concerned with the house and its surroundings, to which the broader question of land-use planning was effectively seen as an adjunct.     

建筑总平面设计

总平面设计是个反复的过程,也是一个不断完善的过程,它是整个建筑设计过程的起点也是终点。本文主要针对中小型建设规模的住宅小区、综合商务办公等建筑类型,简要概述了总平面设计的内容和要点。     

Barriers to GIS Use in Planning

Problem: Despite the widespread availability of geographic information systems (GIS) in local government, there is some evidence that the potential of GIS as a planning tool is not being fully exploited. While obstacles to GIS implementation in local government have been investigated, most of these investigations are either dated or do not focus on planning applications.

Purpose: We aim to add to the limited literature on the current barriers hindering GIS use in public planning agencies. We also offer some insights into how to mitigate these barriers and help planning agencies move beyond using GIS simply for routine tasks of data access and mapmaking.

Methods: We analyzed responses to a 2007 web-based survey of 265 practitioners in Wisconsin's public planning agencies and follow-up interviews with 20 practitioners we conducted in 2008.

Results and conclusions: Planning departments still face a range of technological, organizational, and institutional barriers in using GIS. Training, funding, and data issues appear to be the most significant barriers preventing greater use of GIS for planning purposes, suggesting that organizational and institutional issues are more pertinent than technological barriers. Our literature review indicates that the barriers to GIS use in local government are similar to those of the past, but not identical. Furthermore, our observations indicate that, in general, practitioners are not aware of the full potential of GIS and planning support systems (PSS).

Takeaway for practice: Increased funding alone is not likely to move a planning agency beyond routine applications of GIS. Improved access to training that is geared toward the planning process and planning applications may help alleviate many barriers planners face in using GIS in general and in incorporating more sophisticated GIS functions in their work.

Research support: This work was supported in part by the Consortium for Rural Geospatial Innovations, funded by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and in part by the University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and the University of Wisconsin–Extension.     

Spatial Planning Judgments and Computer Supported Collaborative Planning

The role of planning support systems has become closely aligned with the dominant theoretical paradigms – primarily collaborative planning and communicative rationality – within the field of urban planning. However, scholars from Human-Computer Interaction have built a theoretical tradition drawing on Activity Theory, among others, to describe computer supported collaborative learning. Collaboration, from this perspective, represents a form of distributed learning situated within a social interaction. Individuals work with each other and technology to converge on shared conceptual understandings of the problem space and to develop a shared praxis for collaboratively addressing those problems. Instead of the tools talking, technology plays a critical role in helping stakeholders develop a common ground for planning and supporting an activity-aware praxis. I use empirical examples from a planning process on Cape Cod, Massachusetts to illustrate these features of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) for a planning audience. I focus, in particular, on how planning support systems mediate group judgments about space and scale to account for spatial scale mismatches between the Cape’s watersheds and towns.     

Regional Housing Figures in England: Policy,Politics and Ownership

This paper critiques the process of arriving at housing allocation figures for development planning in England, focusing upon regional debates. It considers the balance struck between policy (national) considerations and (local) political priorities, illustrated through two case studies: the East of England (and RPG14) and the English North West (and RPG13). These particular regions exemplify the dual poles of current planning policy in relation to housing provision: avoiding over-supply in the north of England and delivering managed growth in the south. The paper concludes by looking at ‘ownership’ of regional and county figures, at the excesses of central intervention, and at how such interventions run contrary to government's own philosophy for planning for housing in England.     

地方政府行为与住宅产业化

促进人居环境的可持续发展,是改善我国人民生存环境和提高生活质量的最佳途径。住宅产业化既是国民经济新增长点和新的消费热点,又是涉及国民经济发展的全局,还是体现政府主导行为的重要标志。本文通过国际比较,分析住宅产业发展规律,阐明地方政府行为对推动我国住宅产业化进程的思路。     

郑州市住宅区规划设计分析

文章在大量实地调研的基础上,结合住宅房地产开发投资和市场竞争的特点,对郑州市住宅市场各个方面作了调查,针对当前住宅市场规划开发现状和存在的问题,站在开发商和规划设计人员的立场上,研究如何进行优质住宅区的规划设计。     

都市区农村居住规划与研究——以《重庆市白市驿花卉苗木产业区核心示范区建设规划》为范例

本文在农村居住调查状况分析基础上,通过集约居住土地,分析研究了农村居住模式和村级公共服务配套设施以及建设用地控制标准,为社会主义新农村建设中的农村居住规划作出了探索性研究。