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1.
    
Can we contribute to developing a consistent terminology and, to some extent, an acceptable ontology in the rapidly expanding field of human systems integration (HSI)? We often define HSI as a process and a product at the confluence of several areas, such as systems engineering, human factors and ergonomics, information technology, and specific sectors, such as aerospace, health, and energy. It is a broader transdisciplinary field in our increasingly complex human-machine world that focuses on integrating technology, organizations, and people within a complex sociotechnical system throughout its life cycle. Therefore, HSI is no longer a question of usability and user interface design once a complex machine is technologically developed, but also about considering people and organizations early on in the design and development processes. Indeed, rooted in industrial engineering research and operational worlds, HSI requires a deeper foundation based on an epistemological approach. This assertion is even more crucial today as technology has become predominantly digital, and, more specifically, the concept of the digital twin is emphasized because it has become essential to support model-based HSI. In other words, software-based assistant systems are replacing traditional tools. Therefore, appropriate social-cognitive (multi-agent) models and methods are helpful throughout the life cycle of contemporary sociotechnical designs to account for the complexity and tangibility of their human-centered context-sensitive architectures, combining procedural and declarative knowledge. By considering these reasons, this article provides a set of fundamental axioms, some theoretical abstractions, and valuable practical models, which are presented and illustrated through the lens of an evolutionary HSI ontology.  相似文献   

2.
该文提出了一个理论驱动的弹性结构体系图神经网络计算模型StructGNN-E,能够高保真数字化结构体系的拓扑连接关系与构件组成信息,无需外部标签数据即可实现对任意杆系结构体系的弹性内力分析,且计算结果具有理论正确性。总结了结构体系层次的特点,理论分析了常规神经网络的不可行性,进而采用了基于非欧图数据的图神经网络架构,能够有效刻画结构体系的非序列性与非平移不变性。考虑到体系层次数据严重匮乏以及常规智能计算方法忽视力学意义的问题,通过将三大力学方程与深度学习推理过程相结合,提出了适用于体系内力分析的理论驱动模式,实现了不依赖于外部标签数据的智能求解方案。数值试验表明:StructGNN-E模型能够高精度完成杆系结构体系的弹性内力分析,且在大规模框架结构计算中计算效率提升可达36%。通过具体的对比试验,证明了常规深度学习模型与数据驱动模式在体系层次的不适用性,进一步阐释了StructGNN-E模型的有效性与合理性。  相似文献   

3.
Abstract: Currently, the structural integrity of the nuclear graphite reactor components is evaluated using irradiated material properties data obtained from test reactors. These data are applied to numerical or mathematical models to assess the integrity of the graphite components. On the other hand, there is a need to measure internal strains and stresses in reactor core graphite and to explore the potential for in‐situ measurement. The deep hole drilling (DHD) technique is a semi‐destructive method for measurement of the through thickness residual strains or stresses. Previously the technique has been applied successfully to metallic and composite materials. In this paper, the method for internal strain and stress measurement in polygranular graphite is examined particularly when a significant volume fraction of porosity is present. Finite element simulation shows that the method can be used to measure internal stresses generated by a thermal gradient. On the basis of this a series of experiments have been conducted using Pile Grade ‘A’ (PGA) and PG25 filter graphite; with the latter being a surrogate for service exposed material. Tests were conducted to illustrate that the bulk mechanical response was linear elastic for both graphites and elastic moduli were measured. The DHD method was then used to determine internal strain and stress profiles through the materials. The results were compared with the strain data obtained from strain gauges bonded to the samples. Overall, there was an excellent agreement between the measured through‐thickness internal strains and stresses and the surface strains and stresses determined from the applied loading.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract: The deep hole drilling (DHD) method measures the through‐thickness distribution of residual stress in a component. Sources of uncertainty in the application of the method are identified and three different methods for determining the magnitudes of uncertainty are presented. The analyses are applied to experimental measurements of stress in two calibration studies for ferritic steel and an aluminium alloy. Finally, the residual stresses measured in a repair welded steel pipe are examined to assess the level of uncertainty.  相似文献   

5.
    
Cognitive task analysis (CTA) captures unobservable cognitive processes, decisions and judgments of expert performance. Over 100 different CTA methods are identified in prior literature. However, existing classifications typically sort techniques by process rather than outcome, application or causal mechanism. Therefore, techniques can be misapplied and comparative analysis of methods made difficult. Based on the frequency distribution of CTA methods in 1065 studies, a subsample representing 60% of the most frequently published methods was coded based on elicitation and analysis techniques. Consistency of resulting applications was assessed. Inconsistent matching of CTA methods and subsequent applications indicate CTA is currently more craft than technology. Therefore, there is no robust basis for selecting one method over another for research or practice. Specific challenges include comparing the reliability and validity of individual methods and optimising selection of techniques for intended applications. Developing a causal taxonomy may facilitate such advancements.  相似文献   

6.
为了提高隧道在坚硬岩石条件下深孔爆破的掘进效率,首先提出了菱形楔形混合掏槽技术,计算了掏槽爆破技术参数;然后采用数值模拟研究了混合掏槽的爆破成腔过程及应力波的传播规律,实现了槽腔过程的可视化,并提取了关键部位的有效应力峰值;最后进行了现场应用试验。研究表明:该掏槽方式形成了多级多段掏槽,增加了爆炸应力波对坚硬岩体拉伸压缩破坏的次数,有利于破碎坚硬岩石;菱形掏槽炮孔侧面单元的有效应力峰值上下波动小,能量分布平均,能减弱炮孔过长引起的岩石夹制作用,形成稳定成型的槽腔;经测试,平均炮孔利用率达到了94%,验证了菱形楔形混合掏槽爆破参数的合理性。  相似文献   

7.
根据矿床开采引起的围岩变形情况,通过对岩石的变形特性的分析,以及对原岩应力和次生应力论述,我们对地下采掘作业中巷道和采空区围岩的力学特性做了相关研究并取得了一些研究成果。这些研究成果可为地下采掘作业提供理论指导,对确定采场结构参数和布置方向,选择采场回采顺序,制订采场支护措施等都具有十分重大的意义。  相似文献   

8.
增大药卷直径可提高炸药爆速,配以较大直径炮孔爆破能够增强岩石的破裂和破碎。为了提高煤矿硬岩巷道掘进爆破效率,在液压凿岩台车施工巷道首次进行大直径炮孔和大直径药卷中深孔爆破试验研究,同时对各段雷管起爆延期时间进行优化,其中第2段雷管的延期时间由原先的25 ms增加至50 ms,目的是使掏槽爆破后岩石有足够的时间破碎、运动和抛掷出槽腔,形成新的自由面。并配用底部集能装药掏槽爆破技术和水垫层周边光爆装药结构,爆破试验取得了良好的效果。  相似文献   

9.
李珺  叶景辉  廖浪 《包装工程》2024,45(10):78-86
目的 为提高用户认知与产品映射关系的明确性与有效性,提升产品使用过程中用户认知的满意度。方法 从用户认知视角出发,结合信息加工模型,集成认知任务分析方法与结构方程模型,解构用户认知与产品体验的映射关系,构建用户认知视角下的产品设计方法流程。结果 以老年代步车作为设计研究对象。首先,通过认知任务分析方法明确产品“认知任务—认知路径—设计要素—产品体验”的设计分析流程;其次,引入结构方程模型以确定代步车设计要素权重,识别不同产品体验中的关键设计要素;最后,结合用户人群需求,进行设计决策和方案细化。结论 该方法可识别用户对产品的关键认知触点,减少用户认知在设计创造过程产生的“黑箱”,帮助设计师确定用户认知与产品体验之间的建构路径,为设计师在具体的实践活动中提供明确的设计依据,丰富了认知心理学在设计领域的实践研究。  相似文献   

10.
为探讨团队依存性对团队差异性和个人创新行为之间关系的影响机制,对来自浙江省的32个企业团队进行了问卷调查.研究结果显示:技术与知识差异性对个人创新行为有显著正向预测作用;任务依存性对个人创新行为有显著正向预测作用;目标依存性在技术与知识差异性、个人创新行为之间起调节作用;技术与知识差异性、任务依存性和目标依存性三者的交互作用对个人创新行为有显著的正向影响作用.  相似文献   

11.
张翀  陶慕轩  王琛  樊健生 《工程力学》2023,18(12):55-64
数据与特征是智能技术的基础,但现有结构智能计算的文献报道却极少涉猎数据端相关研究。为此,该文围绕土木工程结构计算场景,开展了特征工程研究,实现了结构原始数据的自动去量纲化以及向有效特征的智能转化,进而大幅提升了模型性能表现。该文建立了与下游智能模型无关的特征工程架构,以量纲分析为基础,实现对结构特征的自动无量纲化预处理。在此基础上,提出了一种对模型训练得到的无量纲化参数进行物理意义解读的算法,可对输入数据开展因子分析,增强了模型的物理可解释性。为验证特征工程架构的有效性,以钢筋混凝土柱双向压弯的屈服承载力预测问题为例开展数值试验,结果表明:在设定了充足无量纲参量数目的情形下,相较于无特征工程的对照模型,该架构能够加快模型收敛速度4倍~5倍,并提升预测准确率20%~50%,优势显著;同时,通过物理意义解读算法复现的无量纲参量与经典理论分析结论高度吻合,证明特征工程架构成功捕捉了与目标问题密切相关的影响因素。  相似文献   

12.
土石方深孔扩壶爆破技术的应用   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
通过深孔扩壶爆破在厦门造厂场地平整爆破工程中的实际应用,阐述了深孔扩壶焊破在适当条件下,可显著降低土石方爆破工程的施工成本、加快工程进度、减少投资、获得良好的工程效益。  相似文献   

13.
声学技术是21世纪的一项尖端前沿的科学技术,功率超声应用技术更是一项广受关注具有远大工业应用价值潜力的新兴技术。该技术在岩盐矿山长距离输卤管道中的应用,较好地解决了长期困扰矿山的管道结垢问题,对岩盐矿山的采、输卤关键设备及长距离输卤管道防垢除垢具有广泛应用价值。  相似文献   

14.
广义特征值问题的EBE-Lanczos并行算法   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
周树荃  邓绍忠 《工程力学》1995,12(1):116-122
本文利用EBE策略和PCG法,将广义特征值问题Lanczos法中各步的计算都单元化,从而避免了总刚度矩阵的组集而大大节省了存储量。同时,由此建立的EBE-Lanczos方法尤其适宜于并行计算。在银河-Ⅱ机上的数值试验结果表明无论是串行、还是并行计算,EBE-Lanczos迭代法都能有效提高计算速度。如对模型问题,若网格取24×20,则在串行计算时,EBE计算途径较传统的总体计算途径的速度提高倍数达3.14,而在并行计算时,并行的EBE计算途径(挂用4个处理机)较串行的总体计算途径的速度提高倍数可高达11.4.总之该方法为一种有效的大型工程结构动力分析问题的求解方法。  相似文献   

15.
深埋球形洞室围岩分区破裂化机理   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在高应力和复杂的地质环境中,深部球形洞室围岩在开挖扰动下会出现破裂区和非破裂区交替出现的分区破裂化现象,研究分区破裂化现象可以深化深部岩体的力学性能研究,同时对深埋洞室的开挖和支护设计提供理论基础。该文研究的深部球形洞室外部受到静水压力的作用,洞室内壁受到一个随时间变化的开挖荷载的作用,其运动方程用位移势函数来表示。通过Laplace变换简化计算,获得势函数的通解,从而获得了在开挖扰动下洞室围岩的应力场和位移场。当围岩应力场满足深部岩体强度准则时,岩体破裂,从而产生变形局部化。岩体破坏产生的应力重分布可能导致新的围岩破坏,从而产生二次破裂区;以此类推,直到应力释放后不能产生破裂区为止。根据断裂力学确定破裂区的残余强度,并确定破裂区和非破裂区的宽度和数量。破裂区的形成受到岩体力学性能、洞室开挖方式和速度等较大的影响。  相似文献   

16.
    
Despite significant interest on the topic of knowledge workers, the understanding of how they influence certain aspects of firm innovativeness remains limited. In particular, while different types of knowledge workers exist, their particular synergistic effects on new and improved product development within smaller firms has received less attention. Drawing on the knowledge-based view (KBV), we posit that innovation strategy plays an instrumental role in linking the effects of knowledge workers, thereby leading to greater product development outcomes from different types of knowledge workers. Moreover, some suggest that beyond a certain point, there is a diminishing return to increasing the proportion of knowledge workers in an organisation; however, the basis of this finding is within larger firms. This study investigates whether high-level (e.g. engineers and scientists) and low-level (e.g. technicians and machine operators) knowledge workers exert varying effects on performance in terms of new and improved product development. Data from 205 small and medium-sized high-tech manufacturing firms provide support that distinguishing among types of knowledge workers is important given that they impact new and improved product development differently. Furthermore, innovation strategy plays a synergistic role, positively mediating the effects of different types of knowledge workers on innovation outcomes.  相似文献   

17.
为了实时捕捉手控交会对接过程中操作者的决策失误,设计开发了一款基于认知任务分析的手控交会对接失误捕捉软件.该软件基于技能发展水平的失误分类方法,设定了初学者和专家两种失误判定准则.通过前台报错和后台数据记录的方式,充分获取操作者的失误数据.分别利用初学者和专家水平对软件进行测试,并由航天员主教员对测试结果进行评价.结果表明,所开发的失误捕捉软件能够较为敏感地捕捉到操作者的决策失误表现,且失误的捕捉准确性得到了主教员的验证.  相似文献   

18.
为了准确地预测爆破振动速度峰值,减少爆破振动灾害事故的发生,分析了两种典型的爆破振动速度峰值预测公式的不足。在此基础上,探讨城市深孔爆破中振动速度衰减与岩体抗拉强度在群孔效应条件下的关系。通过分析爆破振动速度衰减的影响因素,提取8个主要因素的量纲,由量纲理论推导出考虑岩体抗拉强度的爆破振动速度衰减多元非线性数学模型,并结合具体工程监测数据,使用1st0pt软件进行了非线性回归分析。研究表明:推导出的改进萨道夫斯基(萨氏)公式在3个场地预测值的平均相对误差分别为2.81%、10.56%、4.42%,均低于传统预测公式的平均相对误差,验证了所推导数学模型的正确性。可为爆破振动灾害防治研究提供参考。  相似文献   

19.
机械结构静动态性能协同分析方法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
 分析了结构静动态性能有限元分析模型之问存在的内在共享关系,提出了静动态性能的协同分析策略.鉴于共享信息的复杂性,应用工作流管理技术对协同分析过程进行自动规划和管理,有效地提高了分析效率.提出的方法成功地应用于液压挖掘机工作装置的结构静动态性能分析,验证了该方法的合理性和有效性.  相似文献   

20.
王慧  郭晨林  王乐  张敏照 《工程力学》2022,39(2):14-22+75
环境激励下仅利用振动响应的结构健康监测方法,因其便于实现在线监测受到了越来越多的关注。该文回顾了以振动时域响应相关性分析为基础的结构特征参数(即内积向量)的基本概念及特征。为了从已有测试数据中提取更多的结构特征参数,分别以各个响应测点为参考点来构建多个内积向量并组成矩阵,将内积向量扩展到了内积矩阵。进而以内积矩阵为结构特征参数,结合深度卷积神经网络的特征提取能力,提出了基于内积矩阵及深度学习的结构健康监测方法。典型航空加筋壁板螺栓松动监测的实验研究结果表明,仅利用结构在环境激励下部分测点的振动时域响应,该文方法可以准确地识别螺栓松动位置。  相似文献   

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