国家公园分区规划演变及其发展趋势

分区规划是国家公园总体规划的重要组成部分,是综合处理国家公园资源保护、社区管理和访客管理等各方面问题的重要途径,对提高保护管理效果具有十分重要的意义。简要梳理分区规划发展脉络,总结分区的多学科缘起,以及在世界国家公园与保护地领域和在中国自然保护地的应用与发展;在分析美国、德国、新西兰和日本现行国家公园分区模式的基础上,提出国际上国家公园分区规划呈现出分区目标综合、分区政策细致、分区技术科学、分区决策机制灵活等特征与发展趋势,对中国国家公园分区规划提出确定目标体系、进行价值研判、确定保护和利用强度,从而形成分区的技术路径,并强调行政管理的简化诉求与技术方法的精细趋势之间的平衡。     

对城市控制性详细规划技术研究的探索——以成都市控制性详细规划更新为例

现有控制性详细规划在编制程序、编制方法、编制内容、规划实施上均存在诸多问题,应加强控制性详细规划的法律地位、公开化和公平性、成果的技术支撑和科学性.控制性详细规划只有结合时代和市场的发展才能得以充分的发展和完善.     

技术经济分析方法在施工方案优选中的应用

介绍了施工方案技术经济分析的内容及其方法,将技术经济分析应用于具体工程中,通过对施工对象、方法的分析,以及对功能系数和成本系数的计算,体现了经济技术分析在实际施工方案中的经济价值,为今后施工方案的经济技术分析提供了参考。     

低应变反射波法试桩局限性的两个实例

该文通过两个截然不同的实例，说明低应变反射波法试桩的准确性与测试对象及成桩过程有密切关系，反向奔波以法虽然测试简单，波形识别分析也不困难，但过于依赖和相信其测试结果而忽略当时的实际情况，有时可能会造成误判，这是测试者应注意的问题。     

Sequencing and combining participation in urban planning: The case of tsunami-ravaged Onagawa Town,Japan

Onagawa, a remote rural town in Japan, is on the verge of crisis: its population is aging and shrinking, and this adversity has been even more pronounced since the town was ravaged by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and resulting tsunami. In its struggle to survive and revive, the town has emerged as a gem of participatory governance by instituting a multitude of participatory mechanisms with renewed leadership. This development shows how disasters induced by natural hazards can be a catalyst for progressive democratic change in a rural town like Onagawa, in contrast with earlier findings that disasters adversely affect democratic institutions and values. Onagawa's case also draws scholarly and policy attention to how to sequence and combine different participatory mechanisms in urban planning. Informed by field work, the study modifies an existing theoretical model to systematically highlight Onagawa's participatory mechanisms during the reconstruction planning, including their differences and complementarities. This institutional plurality served multiple purposes, including (i) allowing lay stakeholders to brainstorm a general reconstruction plan, (ii) avoiding the conflation of technical and lay discussions, (iii) reaching out to evacuees who were not able to participate, and (iv) educating citizens on town planning in hopes of nourishing a participatory culture in the long run.     

浅谈施工组织设计中施工方案的技术经济分析

分析在当前激烈的建筑市场竞争条件下,各施工企业应如何把握本企业的生存与发展,这就要求施工企业不断改善经营管理,提高技术水平．确保工程质量,降低物质消耗,增加经济效益。为此,在工程项目施工前应认真做好施工组织设计,特别是施工方案的技术经济分析。笔者就施工方案的技术经济作了技术经济比较。通过定性与定量分析,选择施工组织设计的最佳方案,以指导生产。     

Possibilities and limits of brand repositioning for a second-ranked city: The case of Brisbane,Australia's “New World City”, 1979–2013

This article examines the role of city brand repositioning in the economic and sociological transformation of a second-ranked city, developing a conceptual framework that identifies the possibilities and limits of city brand repositioning to enhance a city's global status and reputation. Brisbane, a second-ranked Australian city, is selected to study the influence of city brand repositioning on the process of urban transformation over a 34 year period from 1979 to 2013. The findings of this historical analysis highlight the efficacy of targeted rebranding campaigns and incentives for different market segments (i.e. tourism, investment, education). In particular, positive demographic and economic outcomes for the city were associated with real and psychological repositioning of the city brand. These repositioning strategies communicated substantive changes in the city's demographic and industrial structure, underpinned by multi-level government policies and programmes to cultivate a few globally connected clusters where the city could be competitive – tertiary education and professional, scientific and technical services – both within Australia and globally.     

Survey and the assimilation of a modernist narrative in urbanism

The presence of civic and regional survey as a locus of discussion in early British planning texts is closely associated with the involvement of the Scottish biologist planner Patrick Geddes in the early planning movement. This paper reads the Geddesian survey idea and its assimilation into planning discourse as the expression of a modern apology of planning. Geddes's understanding of survey places science and society in a relationship in which society is not merely determined by the progressive development of scientific insights. Instead, survey is understood as a process in which a growing awareness of the urban environment encourages an informed and self-conscious citizenry to take charge of its own future. In the Geddesian survey-project the citizen appears as the modern subject, caught in an ambiguous relationship to the environment. He or she seems to be fully determined by the environment, while at the same time able to shape that environment freely and independently. The effort to ground planning in scientific survey inserts the planning process within a logic of environmental determinism, while attempting to safeguard a place for planning as an emancipated act of self-determination. Planning appears both as a process determined by 'nature' as well as the quintessential expression of the human con trol over 'nature'. Survey, presented as preliminary to planning, is understood as a thought vehicle which opens up a space for the development of the modern plan in its full reformist breath of both physical reform and social reconstruction.     

基于数字景观的海绵城市研究框架、关键 技术与实践案例：从水文分析到智能测控

当前,中国海绵城市建设进入系统化全域推进阶段,通用技术框架的研究一直是本领域不同专业间协作的基础与难点。为系统梳理海绵城市实践过程与逻辑,在对其涉及的十大类二十二小类关键技术问题归纳基础上提出了16种数字景观途径,并整合了相关数字技术工具。重点介绍了：1)多尺度海绵城市水文量化分析及管控单元数据库构建;2)基于多目标的海绵城市下垫面结构优化;3)以水文性能为导向的海绵设施布局;4)基于物联传感技术的海绵绩效测控系统建构4项关键技术。结合江苏省内3个不同尺度的海绵城市实践案例对关键技术进行了实证校验。研究结果以期能促进海绵城市实践中风景园林与不同专业间的协同合作,推动我国海绵城市实践向可科学定量解读、可循证推广的数字化工作流程转变,助力新时期的海绵城市建设。     

基于BIM 技术的高层火灾应急疏散研究

为减少拥堵发生概率,合理配置逃生出口利用率,提升高层公共建筑应急管理信息化与现代化能力,采用 BIM 技术构建参数化信息模型,应用火灾动力学软件（Pyrosim、Pathfinder）对某教学楼的火灾场景、人员疏散情况进行数值模拟,并对疏散方案重新规划。模拟结果表明：基于信息整合与可视化分析后的疏散引导策略将疏散时长缩短 48.04 s,将整体疏散效率提高9.72%。BIM 技术的路径重规划能够进一步满足火灾疏散安全性与科学性要求。     

A City Beautiful plan for Canada's capital: Edward Bennett and the 1915 plan for Ottawa and Hull

The 1915 Report of the Federal Plan Commission on a General Plan for the Cities of Ottawa and Hull was one of Canada's first comprehensive plans. It was prepared by Edward Bennett, a leading City Beautiful architect, who combined both technical and aesthetic planning. Bennett employed some of the most advanced techniques of the day, similar to the 1909 Plan of Chicago. The 1915 Ottawa-Hull plan is almost unknown today, since it was shelved shortly after it was released. The plan was dogged by a fire in the Parliament Buildings, a European war, poor implementation provisions and reaction against its City Beautiful urban design recommendations. Nevertheless, many of its technical recommendations were implemented by the National Capital Commission over forty years later.     

Business Activities of Not-For-Profit Organizations: Surviving the New Federalism?

All over the country community organizations are starting new community based businesses designed to fight unemployment, generate needed income, or respond to their own growth needs. This article addresses the questions of whether these new approaches can be used to plan and implement economic development efforts, what their political and ideological content is likely to be, what impact they will have on their neighborhoods, and what roles planners can play. The analysis is based on the authors' experiences as planners and technical assistants to such efforts, and on a detailed analysis of case studies.     

Legislating Growth Management: Power,Politics, and Planning

State-level growth management legislation involves a complex constellation of political support and opposition. This article uses narrative policy analysis techniques to examine the politics behind Iowa's late-1990s effort at such legislation, identifying a model of factors participants use in determining political support for a bill. While much of the debate in Iowa focused explicitly on the technical issues, at heart the issue was the redistribution of power the proposed policy entailed, along with its fit to a largely rural state culture. Passing growth management legislation will require greater attention by planners to both of these topics.     

高层建筑转换层施工技术实证探究

对高层建筑转换层的各种施工方法及特点进行了介绍和分析,结合某具体工程实例,对转换层梁模板作了详细的计算分析,并提出了一些建议,以期通过严密科学的技术方案,保证施工质量。     

盈亏平衡分析在矿山项目技术经济评价中的应用

在矿山项目投资决策中,技术经济评价为项目评价采用的主要技术手段,而盈亏平衡分析又是进行技术经济评价经常采用的方法,分析结果为项目投资决策的重要依据,而技术经济参数的采集直接影响了盈亏平衡分析的结果。文章采集了某矿山较为详尽和可靠的勘探、开发的技术经济数据,通过动、静态盈亏平衡分析,对比了两种分析方法的优劣。静态盈亏平衡操作简单,但没有考虑资金的时间价值,在项目评价初期可以快速开展技术经济评价,为项目早期快速决策提供依据。动态盈亏平衡法是在考虑净现值等于零时项目刚好获得基准收益的基础上计算得出的数据,文中以某生产矿山为实例,通过考虑资本时间价值、所得税、利率及通货膨胀等因素影响下的动态盈亏平衡分析,进行了深入的技术经济评价,为同类矿山项目的科学决策提供一定的参考意义。     

The Discursive Politics of Water: Interurban Struggles in the Nakdong River Catchment in South Korea

The plan of establishing an industrial complex on the banks of the upper reaches of the Nakdong River, the longest river in South Korea, raised serious inter-urban conflict in 1989. As of 2002, the conflict still persists. This paper analyses why the conflict has gone on so long and what might be done to resolve it. The paper adopts discursive analysis and analyses different 'story-lines' and 'discursive coalitions' within the conflict. As nature is socially and culturally constructed, discursive analysis can show the different ways of constructing water. Using the approach of discursive analysis of the conflict, this paper suggests ecological democracy as a resolution.     

Planning Concepts for Cities in Transition: Regionalization of Urbanity in the Amsterdam Structure Plan

'Opting for urbanity' is the main thread running through the Amsterdam structure plan currently under preparation. But what is 'urbanity'? How is it emerging in a multi-centred region? What spatial planning implications does it entail? These questions were at the outset of a research study commissioned by the municipality of Amsterdam to the Amsterdam study centre for the Metropolitan Environment (AME) and summarized in this article. There are two main conclusions. The first is that traditional inside out development strategies--accommodating the expansion of a single core and its periphery--must be substituted by outside in development strategies, seeking to achieve a new synergy among different sub-centres and places at the urban-regional level. The second is that new sub-centres will have to be developed as real centres of urbanity instead of as mono-functional islands, as currently still the case. In order to implement these strategies the municipality needs to enter coalitions with a variety of public and private actors, spanning different spatial scales and policy sectors.     

教学与科研的有机结合——建筑学专业毕业设计教学模式的探索

探讨了建筑学专业毕业设计中将教学与科研有机结合的新教学模式.首先强调毕业设计选题的实践性;其次,注重训练手段的综合性;再次,推动多层次的互动,从攻关团队的组织到分工、协作和互动.最终通过对潜在问题的深入讨论,提出富有创造性的方案,以取得整体性的突破.     

The Importance of Autopsy and Injury Data in the Investigation of Fires

Autopsy and injury data from victims of fire may provide the investigator with important, discriminant, scientific evidence to assist in origin and cause determination. Through the combined use of fire testing, fire modeling, and physiological modeling, the fire investigator may be able to test or further validate their origin and cause hypothesis(es), and other aspects of a fire incident based on the facts of the case and data collected during autopsy or hospital evaluation. As demonstrated in the case study, autopsy data was compared against carbon monoxide concentrations and temperature profiles for two competing origin and cause hypotheses. Only one of the fire scenarios produced toxicant doses and thermal conditions consistent with the victim’s injuries. Hence, the evaluation of autopsy data in combination with the facts of the case and dynamics of the fire assisted in origin and cause determination.     

黄山世界遗产监测信息系统建设研究

监测和评估反馈是世界遗产保护管理的重要手段.随着科学技术的更新迭代,如何更有效地利用数字信息技术统筹各类监测活动,以及如何更充分地利用监测数据实现适应性管理,是各个世界遗产地普遍面临的挑战.黄山是世界自然文化双遗产,在生态环境保护、防灾减灾、游客管理等方面实施了一系列监测管理措施,但在监测项目统筹、数据管理和数据利用等...