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1.
采用计算机模型来进行人-机器-环境系统的模拟,不仅可以直观地显示它们之间的三维位置,而且可以大大降低人机系统的研发时间。文章简要介绍了以AutoCAD为基础开发了计算机辅助人机工程系统的过程,本系统通过从Access数据库中读入人体的主要尺寸,在AutoCAD中建立人体模型,并利用程序语言Visual Basic对模型进行修改和运动仿真,集成了数据库、计算机辅助设计软件、程序设计软件的功能。本系统能在一定程度上实现人体测量、人的行为分析、作业任务、姿态分析、碰撞探测等工作。  相似文献   

2.
The development of a knowledge-based system for chemical structure elucidation is discussed. An object-centred knowledge representation language has been created that handles values, procedures and rules. This language has been used to construct infrared and mass spectroscopy knowledge sources. These form part of a blackboard problem-solving system that attempts to construct structural hypotheses based on the spectroscopic data supplied by the user and is directed by a flexible scheduling mechanism utilising explicit control knowledge. The design of a complete structure elucidation problem solver is proposed on the basis of the results of this feasibility study.  相似文献   

3.
The purpose of this paper is to develop a recently proposed framework of human–machine cooperation (Hoc, J.M., 2001. Towards a cognitive approach to human–machine cooperation in dynamic situations. International Journal of Human–Computer Studies, 54, 509–540) and apply it to the domain of in-car automation. Previous models of automation (e.g. Sheridan, T.B. and Verplanck, W.L., 1978. Human and computer control of undersea teleoperators. Cambridge, MA: MIT Man–Machine Systems Laboratory) delineate the roles of human and machine in a task-based manner and primarily from the viewpoint of machine requirements. However, with increasing arguments that automation should support the human operator rather than replace them (e.g. Young, M.S., Stanton, N.A., and Harris, D., 2007. Driving automation: learning from aviation about design philosophies. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 45(3), 323–338), Hoc's (2001) framework offers a means of modelling the interaction from the perspective of teamwork–that is, from the viewpoint of human requirements. In the present context, the framework describes how both the driver and the automation can be considered as separate agents pursuing their own goals while trying to facilitate a common task, but who may interfere with each other positively (e.g. mutual control) or negatively (mutual conflict). Vehicle automation, as an area of fervent research in ergonomics at present, provides the opportunity to explore the framework and use it to interpret current and emerging research findings. It is suggested here that many of the psychological problems underlying the introduction of in-car automation are a result of suboptimal communications between human and machine, and the framework is used to propose directions for future research in this area.  相似文献   

4.
Powerful computers are needed for processing tasks related to human languages these days. Human languages, also called natural languages, are highly versatile systems of encoding information and can capture information of various domains. To enable a computer to process information in human languages, the language needs to be appropriately ‘described’ to the computer, i.e. the language needs to be ‘modelled’. In this work, we present an approach for acquisition of morphology of inflectional language like Hindi. It is an unsupervised learning approach, suitable for languages with a rich concatenative morphology. Broadly, our work is carried out in three steps: 1. Acquire the morphology of Hindi from a raw (un annotated) Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), Mysore text corpus, 2. prepare clusters and prepare stem bag and suffix bag, 3. use the morphological knowledge to decompose given word as stems and suffixes according to their morphological behaviour and add new words. A prime motivation behind this work is to eventually develop an unsupervised morphological analyser which is language-independent (used for Hindi). Second motivation is to develop a Morphological segmentation which is language-independent as it is shown that study of morphology would benefit to a range of NLP tasks such as speech recognition, speech synthesis, machine translation and information retrieval. Though Hindi is an important and a national language in India, little computational work has been done so far in this direction. Our work is one of the first efforts in this regard and can be considered pioneering. There are many such languages for which it is very important to have a suitable but inexpensive computational acquisition process. Languages receive very little attention of computational linguistic research both in terms of availability of funds and number of researchers. We however do not claim that our approach is a solution for all such languages. Different languages have characteristics that require individual research attention.  相似文献   

5.
During the last key comparison of local realizations of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 above the silver point, which used high stability tungsten strip lamps, it became clear that these artifacts can no longer be used to evaluate the real calibration and measuring capabilities (CMCs) of the participant laboratories. The intrinsic uncertainty of the lamps is actually larger than the claimed CMCs of most national laboratories. Ideally a set of driftless robust artifacts, preferably of unknown temperature, should be used for this purpose, as this would allow CMCs to be probed at the highest level. Currently such artifacts do not exist. High-temperature fixed points (HTFPs) have been the subject of intense study for more than 10 years. The research has come to an advanced state so much that the temperatures of some of them are well known to be within 1 K. This has rendered their use as comparison artifacts questionable as any comparison would not be blind. To address this issue, doped HTFPs have been developed which have had their transition temperature altered from that of the eutectic composition. Two Ni–C–Cu cells and two Ni–C–Sn were constructed by Inmetro with different quantities of Cu and Sn, respectively. These were compared to a reference Ni–C cell (nominal transition temperature of 1329  \(^{\circ }\) C) and the temperature differences from the pure state determined. In this paper the design, construction, and results of long-term stability are described. These promising results indicate that it is possible to make HTFPs with altered temperatures which are stable enough to serve as comparison artifacts.  相似文献   

6.
王慧  崔生乐  杨春梅 《包装工程》2022,43(3):217-227
目的设计一种中幼竹林皆伐机路径智能规划系统,实现伐竹机伐竹的路径规划功能,使伐竹机可以遍历需要伐竹的全部节点并避开障碍。方法针对中幼竹林皆伐的特点,探讨一种迪杰斯特拉及A*混合算法,用于解决伐竹机路径规划中的路径优化问题。通过C语言编程,来建立一种基于改进的迪杰斯特拉及A*混合算法的中幼竹林皆伐机路径智能规划系统仿模型,并使用C++编程,实现系统模型的仿真,并调用Windows GDI实现仿真结果的显示。结果仿真结果显示,采用文中建立的中幼竹林皆伐机路径规划系统进行伐竹机的路径规划,实现了伐竹路径规划的目标,且相较直接采伐的路径,伐竹机伐竹总里程降低了47.6%,节省了伐竹机伐竹总里程,大大提升了伐竹效率。结论文中所讨论的改进的迪杰斯特拉及A*混合算法可以实现伐竹路径规划的功能,路径规划系统可以求得最优伐竹路径的一个近似解。  相似文献   

7.
数字展示设计中的交互形式和语言转换研究   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1  
夏旭  黄海燕 《包装工程》2013,34(8):24-27
通过对数字展示设计的概念和特征研究,分析了交互形式和语言转换在数字展示设计中的作用,探讨了数字展示设计中的交互形式对认知行为的影响,以及交互形式和语言转换之间的关系。希望从交互形式和语言转换的角度,综述数字展示设计的基础理论,为广大研究者提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
Augmented reality (AR) is a novel human–machine interaction that overlays virtual computer-generated information on a real world environment. It has found good potential applications in many fields, such as military training, surgery, entertainment, maintenance, assembly, product design and other manufacturing operations in the last ten years. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of developed and demonstrated AR applications in manufacturing activities. The intention of this survey is to provide researchers, students, and engineers, who use or plan to use AR as a tool in manufacturing research, a useful insight on the state-of-the-art AR applications and developments.  相似文献   

9.
A methodology for the design of artifacts used in software error compensation of rapid prototyping (RP) machines is presented. In software error compensation, an artifact is frequently utilized for measuring parametric errors of the machine axes. In the past, different artifacts have been used and designed in an ad hoc way. To date, no method is available to evaluate the design of an artifact based on its effect on the precision of the fitted models estimated using the artifact. This paper proposes a method to evaluate and improve the design of an artifact using design of experiments (DOE) techniques and numerical optimization. As demonstrated by the results, a D-optimality criterion optimized using simulated annealing techniques can be used to evaluate and improve the design of an artifact so that the components of the volumetric error are predicted more precisely, with the benefit of better error compensation over repeated use of the error models. Although in this paper the concept is only demonstrated for the SLA 250 RP machine, it can be applied to the design of any artifact used for machine error compensation.  相似文献   

10.
姜陈 《包装工程》2018,39(16):228-232
目的以传统与现代为范畴,以传统器物元素在休息凳中的设计应用为主线,探索传统器物元素在现代设计中的转化与应用的新思路。方法运用现代设计理论,审视传统器物元素的转化与应用存在的主要问题,即"有形元素的标签式复制、脱离具体环境的简单迁移、传统器物元素转化的二维倾向",并用解构分析法进行剖析,找寻解决问题的途径。结论传统器物元素的转化与应用是在具体环境下的"功能元素、审美元素、精神元素"相互影响和融合的重构。随着现代科技的发展,器物的材料和结构越来越优化,其简洁流畅的造型也符合现代工业的生产效率要求。传统器物元素只有将形式和现代材料、结构、工艺相结合,将功能置于首位,将繁缛的装饰进行简化,才能被时代所接受,才能在当下得到继承和发展。  相似文献   

11.
Nanomaterial-enabled flexible and stretchable electronics have seen tremendous progress in recent years, evolving from single sensors to integrated sensing systems. Compared with nanomaterial-enabled sensors with a single function, integration of multiple sensors is conducive to comprehensive monitoring of personal health and environment, intelligent human–machine interfaces, and realistic imitation of human skin in robotics and prosthetics. Integration of sensors with other functional components promotes real-world applications of the sensing systems. Here, an overview of the design and integration strategies and manufacturing techniques for such sensing systems is given. Then, representative nanomaterial-enabled flexible and stretchable sensing systems are presented. Following that, representative applications in personal health, fitness tracking, electronic skins, artificial nervous systems, and human–machine interactions are provided. To conclude, perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this burgeoning field are considered.  相似文献   

12.
For further progress to be made in design education—particularly in design as a component of general education—it is necessary to articulate its intrinsic values. Two main inter-related areas in which such values might be found are discussed. The first area is the ‘language media’ of design. and the seconds is the modes of thought which relate particularly to design abilities. The latter area draws upon research in the neurosciences which is discovering fundamental differences in the thought modes associated with the two hemispheres of the human brain.  相似文献   

13.
Krause KM  Genest J 《Applied optics》2006,45(19):4686-4694
The impact of the interferometer optical path difference (OPD) speed profile on the spectrum, derived through the use of Fourier-transform spectrometry (FTS), of a synchronous optical network (SONET) signal is found. The SONET signal carries high-speed data traffic. It also may be modulated by low-frequency intensity or frequency modulation. It is found that the SONET header, high-speed data traffic and low-frequency modulation all manifest themselves as artifacts in the FTS-derived spectrum of the SONET signal. It is shown that a nonconstant OPD speed profile can smooth out these artifacts, making it unlikely that they will be mistaken for carrier signal peaks. However, it is found that smoothing out these artifacts lessens the achievable dynamic range of the FTS instrument in the frequency range of interest, the International Telecommunications Union common (C) and long (L) bands.  相似文献   

14.
The behaviour of solid-state batteries to many application-relevant operating conditions is intrinsically multiphysical and multiscale, involving the electrochemical performance and chemical stability coupled with the thermal and mechanical properties of multiple components. This review presents a holistic approach to discussing the multiscale physical-electro-chemical interactions and degradation mechanisms in solid-state batteries. While the propagation of lithium filaments depends strongly on the critical current densities, we show that effective prevention of excessive Li plating and stripping requires a combined understanding of solid-state electrochemistry, microstructure, mechanics, operating conditions, and their interactions. A review of how multiphysical interactions affect the optimum design of thin-film, three-dimensional and composite solid-state cell architectures is also included. Although the use of lithium metal as negative electrodes could improve the energy densities of solid-state batteries, we show that its high homologous temperature could cause cell failure during manufacturing. By comparing published model predictions with experimental observations, we present a critical analysis of the strengths and limitations of state-of-the-art models and characterisation techniques in solid-state battery research. This comprehensive mechanistic analysis provides an insight into the interplay among the multiple complex multiphysical mechanisms, shedding light on the process of cell design for next-generation solid-state batteries.  相似文献   

15.
This article explicates a theoretical framework which was designed to discover cultural features both within and about car communication. The general approach the framework provides has been used for basic research in the United States and China, and has proven useful to researchers and designers. We discuss specifically how the approach can develop and implement speech-enabled human–machine interface (HMI) systems to address cultural features of communication and interaction. The general framework unveils the cultural nature of human–machine communication, while it also opens the possibility of discovering new cultural dimensions and principles which designers may not yet have considered. The approach is adaptable to a variety of communication contexts, with our focus here on the in-car communication of drivers with a speech-enabled HMI. Specific findings are briefly discussed including implications for research and design.  相似文献   

16.
Lip-reading provides an effective speech communication interface for people with voice disorders and for intuitive human–machine interactions. Existing systems are generally challenged by bulkiness, obtrusiveness, and poor robustness against environmental interferences. The lack of a truly natural and unobtrusive system for converting lip movements to speech precludes the continuous use and wide-scale deployment of such devices. Here, the design of a hardware–software architecture to capture, analyze, and interpret lip movements associated with either normal or silent speech is presented. The system can recognize different and similar visemes. It is robust in a noisy or dark environment. Self-adhesive, skin-conformable, and semi-transparent dry electrodes are developed to track high-fidelity speech-relevant electromyogram signals without impeding daily activities. The resulting skin-like sensors can form seamless contact with the curvilinear and dynamic surfaces of the skin, which is crucial for a high signal-to-noise ratio and minimal interference. Machine learning algorithms are employed to decode electromyogram signals and convert them to spoken words. Finally, the applications of the developed lip-reading system in augmented reality and medical service are demonstrated, which illustrate the great potential in immersive interaction and healthcare applications.  相似文献   

17.
A treatise on order in engineering design research   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
Engineering design research shows a rather fragmented, if not a chaotic, picture. But does it have a hidden order? Can we explore it, or should we impose a reasoning model? This paper looks for the answer in the purpose of engineering design. It is destined to sustain human existence and well being by virtual creation of artifacts and services for the society. To this end, the engineering design discipline should provide a proper body of knowledge. The design knowledge obtained by empirical exploration and/or rational comprehension should be transformed for practical/pragmatic deployment. It was assumed that this purposely streaming of design knowledge gives a unique rationale for engineering design research. Based on this, a framework of reasoning was constructed, including source, channel, and sink categories of knowledge and research of engineering design, respectively. Within each category, research domains, trajectories, and approaches were identified. The semantic relationships of domains, trajectories, and approaches form a hierarchical structure. The proposed framework enables a grounded argumentation about the order of engineering design research, as well as about the articulation of the engineering design knowledge.  相似文献   

18.
陈慧珊  李艳  宋武 《包装工程》2021,42(8):307-313
目的 在传统器物的创新设计中,最重要的环节是了解消费者对所使用产品的不同感受与意向并转换为具体的设计要素.研究消费者心理的感性因素与传统器物设计元素之间的联系,确定设计要素,从而对产品进行创新设计,为提升传统器物附加值作出贡献.方法 以中国传统器物茶宠为例,首先对8位相关的茶宠专家进行访谈,通过魅力工学中的评价构造法整理并提取魅力因子,设计出问卷调查表;然后以访谈内容为依据,使用问卷调查法得到大众对茶宠的魅力评价,共回收84份有效问卷;最后应用数量化一类分析茶宠魅力因子影响权重.结果 得到了数量化一类统计表,选取了其中影响因素较大的魅力因子作为茶宠设计前的风格定调考量.结论 通过茶宠的研究案例证明了该理论的可行性,为未来传统器物的设计提供了更多元且新颖的设计依据.  相似文献   

19.
分布式数控系统的研制与实现   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的 本文针对我院现有的数控条件,实现包括数控车床、数控加工中心、数控线切割机床在内的分布式数控接口软硬件研究与开发。方法 分析了DNC系统的基本原理及其功能实现并采用VB高级语言编程。结果 实现计算机对数控机床的实时控制和工件在线加工。结论 实现了DNC系统的集成,而且投资小,效率较高。  相似文献   

20.
《工程(英文)》2020,6(7):835-846
The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in a smart society, in which the analysis of human habits is mandatory, requires automated data scheduling and analysis using smart applications, a smart infrastructure, smart systems, and a smart network. In this context, which is characterized by a large gap between training and operative processes, a dedicated method is required to manage and extract the massive amount of data and the related information mining. The method presented in this work aims to reduce this gap with near-zero-failure advanced diagnostics (AD) for smart management, which is exploitable in any context of Society 5.0, thus reducing the risk factors at all management levels and ensuring quality and sustainability. We have also developed innovative applications for a human-centered management system to support scheduling in the maintenance of operative processes, for reducing training costs, for improving production yield, and for creating a human–machine cyberspace for smart infrastructure design. The results obtained in 12 international companies demonstrate a possible global standardization of operative processes, leading to the design of a near-zero-failure intelligent system that is able to learn and upgrade itself. Our new method provides guidance for selecting the new generation of intelligent manufacturing and smart systems in order to optimize human–machine interactions, with the related smart maintenance and education.  相似文献   

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