Inter‐city travel: some planning implications

The first part of the paper is concerned with the development and calibration of a suitable mathematical model for determining the choice of travel mode between rail and air on four inter‐city routes in the U.K. Using the results obtained from the developed model, the second part of the paper is devoted to discussing some of the more important planning implications which have been highlighted. In particular, access/egress to the termini, the importance of travel time for both work and nonwork travellers, and car parking implications, are stressed.     

Conflicting rationalities: implications for planning theory and ethics

The article argues that while certain recent planning theories have attempted to take account of social difference and multiculturalism, there is not yet sufficient recognition of just how deep difference can be, and how planners can frequently find themselves in situations characterized by conflicting rationalities. The article draws on a case of an attempted informal settlement upgrade in Cape Town, South Africa, to illustrate the gap between the notion of ‘proper citizens’ and ‘proper living environments’ espoused by the municipality, and the nature of the rationality guiding the actions of certain of the other parties involved. This understanding, it is suggested, has important implications for both planning theory and ethics.     

Politics and scale: some implications for environmental governance

This essay explores themes related to differences of scale and the challenge of environmental governance. It argues that scale issues are always important in politics, but that the density of physical and social scales implicated in the constitution and resolution of environmental problems is particularly notable. It discusses recent changes in governmental approaches to managing environmental burdens in the developed countries, and considers the implications of scale-complexities for the future of environmental governance.     

Citizens' expectations of information cities: implications for urban planning and design

The European Union has made the development of a vibrant knowledge-based economy a key policy objective, and increasingly national and local governments worldwide are seeking to harness information and communication technologies to provide government services more effectively and for the benefit of their citizenry. The paper reports on the first phase of the ongoing European Union IntelCities integrated project that seeks to integrate electronic governance of cities and urban planning. The background to the project in terms of the e-Europe Action Plan is explored and the outcome of surveys of user needs and requirements carried out in the cities of Marseilles (France), Siena and Rome (Italy), Helsinki (Finland), Leicester and Manchester (UK), and Dresden and Berlin (Germany) are explained. The outcomes identify a range of implications for digital or electronic planning in terms of increasing the efficiency in e-urban planning and the need to develop digital methodologies for widening public participation. Thus, the importance of e-skills development in new forms of e-planning for planners, developers and citizens is highlighted and shown to be important for achieving a wider e-enabled sustainable knowledge society.     

Surface sedimentation at permeable pavement systems: implications for planning and design

Newly installed permeable pavement (PP) systems provide high surface infiltration capacity, but the accumulation of sediments causes a decrease in capacity over time, eventually leading to surface clogging. With the aim of investigating local sedimentation processes and the importance of restorative cleaning (RC), nine recently built PP systems were tested for their infiltration capacity with and without restorative cleaning (RC) over an interval of 12–14.5 months. The results were related to each site’s unique history of sedimentation. RC significantly improved permeability, but when revisited after approximately one year, the permeability of cleaned surfaces was not significantly better for the RC spots than from their uncleaned neighbouring areas. Relating permeability to the contextual issues revealed that PP perimeter, adjacent bare soil and mismanagement strongly affected the sedimentation process. At two of the sites, sedimentation processes were so advanced that surface permeability was below the level of service (five-year design storm).     

Citizens' expectations of information cities: implications for urban planning and design

The European Union has made the development of a vibrant knowledge-based economy a key policy objective, and increasingly national and local governments worldwide are seeking to harness information and communication technologies to provide government services more effectively and for the benefit of their citizenry. The paper reports on the first phase of the ongoing European Union IntelCities integrated project that seeks to integrate electronic governance of cities and urban planning. The background to the project in terms of the e-Europe Action Plan is explored and the outcome of surveys of user needs and requirements carried out in the cities of Marseilles (France), Siena and Rome (Italy), Helsinki (Finland), Leicester and Manchester (UK), and Dresden and Berlin (Germany) are explained. The outcomes identify a range of implications for digital or electronic planning in terms of increasing the efficiency in e-urban planning and the need to develop digital methodologies for widening public participation. Thus, the importance of e-skills development in new forms of e-planning for planners, developers and citizens is highlighted and shown to be important for achieving a wider e-enabled sustainable knowledge society.     

GA-based decision support systems for precast production planning

Appropriate production plans can produce effective resource utilization and minimize waste. However, most precast fabricators currently propose production plans depending on the rule of thumb, resulting in squandered resources and postponed delivery. Computerized scheduling techniques provide more precise outcomes than manual scheduling. The objective of this study is to develop GA-based Decision Support Systems (GA-DSS) to assist production managers in arranging production plans. This research first establishes a flowshop sequencing model based on the current production status by considering the buffer sizes between production stations. A multiple objective genetic algorithm is then applied to search for solutions with minimum makespan and tardiness penalties. The GA-DSS performance is verified using two examples. The results demonstrate that the proposed system can offer appropriate production plans. By taking buffer sizes into consideration more reasonable and feasible production sequences can be achieved.     

Environmental stressors,urban design and planning: implications for human behaviour and health

Urban and neighbourhood design can moderate the effects of building design on human behaviour and well-being, and vice versa. The interdependence between built environments across scales is critical yet is often poorly understood. This paper overviews several psychological processes linking human behaviour to environmental design, both inside and out. In particular, the paper focuses on two environmental stressors ? crowding and noise ? in four daily indoor environments: residential, school, work and commuting. These two stressors are often linked and can adversely impact people if improperly designed. Moreover, urban and neighbourhood design can mitigate such negative effects. Key suggestions for practitioners and policy makers include proper acoustic design, easily accessible semi-public or outdoor places and walkable streets. Some illustrations of the nexus between neighbourhood and building design show that the tendency of research traditions in environment and behaviour to focus on one scale of environmental design probably misses important human-environment transactions.     

浅析某小区规划设计

对某小区规划设计进行了分析探讨,分别阐述了该小区项目的总体规划,园林景观设计,建筑设计风格及交通组织特点,指出该小区项目规划设计充分体现了欧式风格,具有异国风情,为其他居住小区设计提供了指导。     

某医院规划设计解析

根据医院设计的基本原则,提出了某医院规划设计的指导思想,并从总平面布置、出入口、建筑功能分区、室外空间组织四方面,阐述了该医院的规划设计策略,从而为患者创造出良好的就医环境。     

Fluorescence properties of some farm wastes: implications for water quality monitoring.

Some farm wastes have been analysed for their fluorescence properties using fluorescence excitation-matrix (EEM) spectroscopy. Farm wastes investigated were silage liquor, pig and cattle slurry, and sheep barn waste. All farm wastes exhibited high intensities of fluorescence that can be attributed to the protein tryptophan. Silage liquor was characterised by a very high fluorescence intensity and an initial tryptophan: fulvic-like fluorescence intensity ratio of >20. Cattle and pig slurries exhibited a lower tryptophan : fulvic-like fluorescence intensity ratio (approximately 2-5) and lower tryptophan fluorescence intensity, and tyrosine fluorescence was also observed. Sheep barn wastes had the lowest tryptophan: fulvic-like fluorescence intensity ratios (approximately 0.5-4.0). Farm waste samples were reanalysed under controlled temperature conditions over a period of 50 days after sampling, to investigate the stability of their fluorescence properties. For silage liquor. tryptophan: fulvic-like fluorescence intensity ratios were observed to decrease with time, and were associated with a decrease in tryptophan fluorescence intensity, suggestive of clostridia breakdown of protein. For slurry samples. tryptophan: fulvic-like fluorescence intensity exhibited a more variable time-evolution, and tryptophan fluorescence intensity increased through time; the more complex fluorescence signal is due to the relatively heterogeneous nature of the slurry. Sheep barn waste samples exhibited more stable tryptophan: fulvic-like fluorescence intensity ratio and tryptophan intensities, suggesting these samples were more stable due to their greater age and decomposition. The ratios of tryptophan: fulvic-like fluorescence intensity observed from the farm wastes investigated are significantly higher than those observed in the majority of river waters, suggesting that farm waste pollution events could leave a signature in river waters due to their distinctively high protein fluorescence intensity.     

住宅小区管线综合规划设计分析

论述了住宅小区管线综合规划设计的必要性,根据住宅小区管线综合规划设计的原则,探讨了住宅小区管线平面及竖向综合规划设计的方法,并总结了一些规划设计注意事项,以保证地下管线功能的正常发挥。     

Drivers of land abandonment in Southern Chile and implications for landscape planning

In recent decades, land abandonment has become one of the most important trends in land use and cover change. This study identifies drivers of land abandonment in Southern Chile through a spatially explicit statistical model, based on an economic theoretical framework. A logistic regression was used to model the probability of land abandonment, observed as the land cover change from agricultural land to arboreous shrubland or native forest between 1985 and 2007. We relied on census information and land cover data from 2472 farms, which represented 86.6% of the farm population in the study area. Land cover data came from two Landsat scenes taken in 1985 (TM) and 2007 (ETM+). The results from the spatial analysis show that agricultural land covered 30 061 ha in 1985. By 2007, only 16 518 ha had persisted in agriculture, while the rest had been covered by natural vegetation. Soil quality was a significant benefit-related geophysical driver of land abandonment. Important cost related socioeconomic drivers were the distances to secondary roads, aquaculture production centers, and national parks, and the existence of farm subsidies. Significant farm structural variables were the amount of bovine heads and farm's livestock carrying capacity. Variables such as age, education, and place of residence of the farmer were not statistically significant. These results may serve as an important planning tool for land managers, by helping identify areas and farming systems with high probability of land abandonment, and furthermore explore the outcomes of some potential scenarios on the future probability of the process.     

某国有煤矿棚户区改造工程安置区规划与实践

结合工程实例,分析了某国有煤矿棚户区改造安置区规划应重点考虑的问题,对总体布局形式作了探讨,并从居住建筑、公共建筑、景观绿化、管线布置等方面介绍了具体的设计构思,为类似工程的规划设计积累了经验.     

几种自粘防水卷材生产方式介绍

介绍了无胎自粘防水卷材和有胎自粘防水卷材的几种生产方式及其设备组成，指出不同的生产方式和设备对自粘防水卷材的产品质量、性能、成本影响很大，企业应结合实际条件选用。     

解析某山区中学校园规划建筑设计

通过解析永和县药家湾中学的校园规划以及建筑设计,指出校园规划应该立足用地状况结合区位、交通、场地等条件做综合考虑,将校园规划建设成为生态化、整体性、特色化的校园,以期指导实践。     

Intelligence approach to production planning system for bespoke precast concrete products

Bespoke precast concrete products are widely used components of construction projects. These products implement the offsite prefabrication technology that offers a unique opportunity for innovation and cost savings for construction projects. However, the production process from design to manufacturing contains uncertainties due to external factors: multi-disciplinary design, progress on construction site. The typical workload on bespoke precast factories is a complex combination of uniquely and identically designed products, which have various delivery dates and requirement of costly purpose-built moulds. In this context, this research is aimed to improve the efficiency of the process by addressing the production planning because it has a significant impact to the success of the production programme. An innovative planning system and its prototype called ‘Artificial Intelligence Planner’ (AIP) are developed. AIP is capable of two functionalities. The first is a data integration system that encourages the automation in the planning process. The other is a decision support system for planners to improve the efficiency of the production plans. These functionalities reinforce each other to deliver optimum benefits to precast manufacturers. AIP have employed artificial intelligence technologies: neural network and genetic algorithm to enhance data analyses for being a decision support for production planning. The outcomes of the research include shortened customer lead-time, in-house repository of production knowledge, and achievement of the optimum factory's resource utilisation.     

Internal relationship modeling and production planning optimization for the manufactured housing

The ‘manufacturer-internal relationship optimization model (MIROM)’, a schematic framework for internal relationship, is proposed for the manufactured housing (MH) factory. This model emphasizes the relationship between customer order from retailers (i.e., customized MH) and the production process, indicating that these elements are not mutually exclusive. In particular, through surveys and site visits, the planning of the product mix and sequence in the MH factory is considered the most critical area of the MIROM framework. This paper aims to convey how these areas can be elevated to the planning level with innovative changes and optimization. A product mix optimization model with linear programming was developed and a sequence optimization model was created by incorporating just-in-time (JIT) approaches. The proposed strategic MIROM framework and the specific optimization models can contribute to achieving significant improvement in the internal MH production planning. It can be applied for the site-built housing industry with similar industrialized environments depending on the scale of the operation.