从部门事权与规划内容相对应的角度思考城市规划体系的改进

当前城市规划主流思想认为城市总体规划应更具宏观战略性、政策性和目标性,从传统的以物质规划为主转向侧重非物质规划,从而导致规划的内容和深度大大超出了建设部门的事权范围,有必要跳出建设部门的圈子从更高层次、角度思考规划体系问题。从政府各部门的事权和规划内容对应的角度看,应完善现有城市规划体系,理顺各部门事权与城市规划的关系,明确发展和改革委员会、建设部门和其他相关部门在城市规划工作中的地位和职责,整合行政资源和各部门的规划力量,使规划体系更趋清晰和合理。     

探索住区公共设施配套规划新思路——《南京城市新建地区配套公共设施规划指引》介绍

城市公共设施事关老百姓每天的生活。随着住房由计划经济下的“产品”向市场经济下的“商品”的特性转变,围绕商品住宅开发的配建公共设施的纠纷和摩擦日增,这种状况向我们提出了一个问题,即住区的公共设施配套规划办法如何改革以适应新的形势,笔者将《南京城市新建地区配套公共设施规划指引》制定过程中的相关思考整理成文,期望和全国同行一起共同探讨适合市场经济制度的住区公共设施配套规划新模式。     

公共管理视角下的城市规划职能探析

首先通过对社会经济转型过程中传统城市规划所面临的众多矛盾和问题的描述,分析了传统城市规划职能定位的缺陷及影响城市规划职能定位的原因.然后通过对公共管理特点及城市规划功能的分析,论证了在社会经济转型期,城市规划由单一的行政管理和技术管理正逐步走向以人为本的公共管理,成为城市公共管理的一种重要手段.最后,对作为城市公共管理手段的城市规划的计划、组织、领导、控制等基本职能进行了论述,并给出了在公共管理视角下对城市规划的新的定义.     

试论我国城市化中城市规划的若干走向——从公共政策与行政管理角度的探讨

针对在城市规划进程中,对城市规划与公共政策属性认识、界定模糊的现象进行讨论,分别论述了城市规划的社会内涵、现代城市规划行政的特点和地方公共政策体系在西方规划历史上的变化。结合中国现有社会经济发展现状对我国城市规划进行了一些反思,对部分观点进行了辩证探讨,并引申讨论了城市规划变革的若干转向。     

论城市规划的公共政策导向与依法行政

讨论城市规划的公共政策导向与依法行政的关系。宏观层面的、战略性阶段的规划,要突出政策性,清晰表述具体的政策目标和要求;实施性的规划,其主要属性应是“地方性法规”或“公共契约”。另一方面,城市规划施行与公共行政是密切联系在一起的,因而在城市规划的行政管理层面,要使既定的公共政策“制度化”,从而为“依法行政”提供前提条件。     

Legal and institutional perplexities hampering the implementation of urban development plans in Pakistan

The effective implementation of development plans requires functioning institutions with well defined legal support and good plans. This article explains how legal and regulatory frameworks as well as the institutional capacities of local planning agencies (LPAs), including Cantonment Boards (CBs), City District Governments (CDGs), Town Municipal Administration (TMAs) and Development Authorities (DA), in Pakistan confound and affect the implementation of development plans. A comparative review of existing Acts, Ordinances and urban planning frameworks in place at various levels was conducted, and inconsistencies and gaps that impart perplexities amongst the aforementioned institutions and regulatory frameworks were identified. The overlapping powers and functions of the institutions which have legal backing must be eliminated to ensure effective implementation of urban development plans.     

新农村村镇规划和住宅建设研究

村镇规划和农村的住宅建设是新农村建设的重要组成部分.分析了新农村建设中村镇规划和农村住宅建设存在的主要问题,提出了解决的方案:按可持续发展的原则进行村镇规划和农村住宅建设.     

城市基础设施的可持续性规划与发展

城市基础设施的可持续性规划与发展是城市建设的重要内容。文章探讨了城市基础设施可持续性规划的重要性,讨论了可持续城市基础设施对城市发展的作用以及环境可持续性和资源管理的重要性,提出了创新策略,以期为城市实现可持续的发展目标提供帮助。     

基于配套分级的城市新区公共设施规划研究

以安徽省无为县城东南片区为例,在建立三级公共设施配套体系的基础上,重点结合新区功能选择与居民需求调查,明确了新区公共设施级配要求,并结合新区用地布局予以空间落实,对类似地区开发建设具有一定指导意义。     

合乎公众利益?——行政主导下专业规划师的重新定位

尝试剖析政府的专业规划师如何理解“公众利益”和如何以公众利益之名行事 ,从而探讨在重建市区的需要越来越迫切的情况下 ,香港整体社会可能面对的挑战和问题。笔者首先剖析香港的规划环境 ,然后讨论笔者对政府规划师的调查研究结果 ,最后以香港不断转变的社会经济和政治发展作结。笔者认为 ,更敢于提出诉求的民间社会已逐渐形成 ,民间社会要求参予界定何谓公众利益。因此 ,政府规划师需要反思他们对公众利益的理解。     

Planning,Funding and Delivering Social Infrastructure in Australia’s Outer Suburban Growth Areas

The long-term success of Australia’s rapidly growing outer-suburban communities depends to a large extent on the presence of social infrastructure such as schools, libraries, sporting facilities and community centres. This paper briefly surveys and analyses the current frameworks and practices that support the planning, funding and delivery of social infrastructure in three of Australia’s fastest growing regions: Melbourne; Perth; and South Eastern Queensland. It finds that Australian governments have become adept at planning new suburbs, but still face significant challenges securing adequate funding for infrastructure and managing the complexity of infrastructure delivery.     

浅议新基建背景下城市公共卫生基础设施建设趋势

在信息技术高速发展背景下,结合城市需求与新技术发展现实,以及近年已经发生的若干案例,展望新基建时代,在物联网、工业互联网、人工智能的支持下,城市公共卫生基础设施建设的重点与建设模式的转变;提出城市公共卫生基础设施应该在信息化和智能化方面进一步升级改造,完成从硬件建设到管理服务能力建设,从单一系统建设到开放复合功能协同,从一次性建设到动态建设与弹性布局的转变;同时,在建设模式方面,也应该完成相应的模式转变,包括建设与运营主体多元化、规划设计建设运营一体化、标准规范的升级与地方性探索等。对于新技术的积极响应,将有助于建设更具韧性、更为健康的未来城市。     

Estimating the marginal cost of pavement damage by highway users on the basis of practical schedules for pavement maintenance,rehabilitation and reconstruction

Highway agencies worldwide strive to ensure that highway users pay fees that not only recover the costs of pavement damage but also are equitable. In addressing the limitations of past research and quantifying the resulting adverse consequences on their analysis outcomes, this paper presents a comprehensive framework to derive more representative estimates of pavement damage cost. The developed framework incorporates practical pavement repair schedules that include all the key repair categories as a basis for estimating the marginal pavement damage cost (MPDC). The framework was applied to pavements of different surface type, functional class and age. On average, the MPDC was found to range from $0.0032 per ESAL-mile on Interstate highways to $0.1124 per ESAL-mile on non-national highways. It was determined that in each highway functional class, the marginal cost of pavement damage is influenced significantly by the pavement material type, traffic levels and age. Within any specific functional class, it was determined that the marginal cost increases with increasing traffic level and pavement age. The study also determined that non-consideration of at least one key repair category such as reconstruction or routine maintenance leads to significant (27–45%) underestimation of the actual MPDC.     

智慧社会数据基础设施在国土空间规划的应用

随着智慧社会的到来,新类型的基础设施不断涌现,本文据此提出数据基础设施的概念并进行分析界定;进而分析数据基础设施概念的引入对国土空间规划编制所带来的6方面积极影响,建立数据基础设施规划与国土空间规划的密切关联,作为国土空间规划编制新的切入点和方向;最后提出了国土空间规划中数据基础设施规划编制的初步思路及其应用探索。     

英国伦敦城市树木数字化及其对中国的启示

城市树木作为绿色基础设施的重要组成部分,是低碳城市空间形态的基础,其数字化对城市市政建设与人类健康生活有着重要意义。通过研究伦敦树木数字化地图建构方法与实践,从普查集成、公众科学、公众参与、反馈渠道等方面进行分析,提出结合机器学习、多源数据、公众科学、评估和信息反馈“五位一体”的城市树木数字化模式,并对公众科学团队协作模式、i-Tree量化模型、信息反馈机制等重点内容进行全面分析,总结英国伦敦城市树木数字化模式对中国的启示,并提出相应建议,以期为我国城市树木数字化建设、智慧市政与信息协同提供借鉴与启示。     

Water quality monitoring during the construction of the M3 motorway in Ireland

The M3 motorway in Ireland was constructed between the years 2007 and 2010. The motorway crosses the River Boyne, which is a designated salmonid water under the EU Freshwater directive, and its tributaries. The paper describes the measures taken to mitigate any potential impacts which the road scheme might have had on the aquatic environment and the water quality of the Boyne watercourses before‐, during‐ and post‐construction. The success of the mitigation measures undertaken is assessed by: (a) comparing pre‐construction, during‐construction and post‐construction water quality data, (b) comparing measured water quality with relevant standards, (c) comparing water quality data upstream and downstream of river crossings, (d) the establishment of a pilot‐scale real‐time water quality monitoring station at the downstream end of the works before discharge into the river Boyne. The study concluded that the measures taken have been successful in minimising the water quality impacts associated with the road scheme.     

上海2040:以规划组织编制方式转型探索提升城市治理水平

分析了城乡规划组织编制过程在城乡社会治理中发挥的作用,论述了在上海城市发展转型和社会治理创新背景下,“上海2040”规划组织编制过程的转型.通过包容多元主体的利益诉求、搭建线上线下的沟通平台和建立全过程的协作机制,探索了以规划编制过程提升城市治理水平的路径.     

Politics,public servants,and profits: Institutional complexity and temporary hybridization in a public infrastructure alliance project

Public infrastructure projects must comply with the divergent and even conflicting demands of multiple institutional logics causing institutional complexity. Despite the increasing interest in different forms of complexities in projects, we lack empirical illustrations and rigorous theorizing of mechanisms for responding to institutional complexity. This paper demonstrates how public buyers of a tunnel construction project formed a hybrid organization of a multi-party project alliance to respond to institutional complexity. We delineate a process of temporary hybridization through which the competing logics of a bureaucratic state, corporate market, and multiple professions were combined within the temporary project alliance organization. Such temporary hybridization not only focused on selective coupling with external demands but also mitigated internal tensions. Our findings emphasize a blended organizational structure, jointly formed governance and incentive systems, and the facilitation of social interaction to build a temporary yet sustainable hybrid organization capable of combining conflicting institutional logics.