战略规划要注重城市经济研究

非常高兴有这个机会与大家一起讨论沈阳城市发展战略规划。为什么国家建设部等部门对沈阳城市未来发展规划非常重视 ?这是因为 ,从整个大背景来讲 ,我国有三大城市群 ,第一个是珠江三角洲城市群 ,第二个是长江三角洲城市群 ,第三个就是环渤海湾包括东北三省的城市群。从广域的范围来看 ,这三大城市群实际上已占有全国ＧＤＰ的 6 0 %以上 ,财政收入的 70 %以上 ,第三产业增加值的 80 %以上 ,引进外资总额的 85 %以上。所以 ,在进入ＷＴＯ以后的世界产业、资金和技术的大转移过程中 ,我国能够分得多少财富的“蛋糕” ,能不能抓住这个机遇 ,走…     

Action space as planning concept in spatial planning

Society is becoming more and more complex. This shows up in an increasing diversity of activity and mobility patterns of individuals, households, companies and organizations. In a network society, the significance of physical distance declines as the importance of available time increases. Many spatial planning concepts like ‘location policy’ and ‘the compact city’ and the criteria of accessibility do not take these developments sufficiently into account. This reduces the effectiveness of mobility and spatial policy. Spatial planning can benefit from deeper insight into the time-space options that individuals have. For that reason, planners need concepts that help them to understand the behaviour of individual actors and to influence them at the local and regional level. One such concept is action space: the area within which persons can undertake activities. This paper presents the theoretical backgrounds of this concept. A typology of action space for dual-income households with children, living in two Dutch municipalities, is constructed and analyzed. In addition, a model of action space, called MASTIC, is developed. This model allows planners to determine the degree to which the action spaces of individuals can be influenced. Some applications of the model are discussed: to identify the mobility effects of urban form; to coordinate services at the local level; and, finally, to assess the influence of demographic, cultural and economic developments on the composition of the population and thereby to study the aggregate mobility effects of an area. Martin Dijst (1957) is an associate professor of urban geography at the Urban Research center Utrecht (URU), Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Utrecht University in the Netherlands. His research activities are focused on transportation studies. He is particularly interested in the relation between urbanization, infrastructure and the activity/travel patterns of specific population categories. In 1995 he completed his Ph.D. dissertation entitled “An elliptical life” in which he treats action space as an integral measure of accessibility and mobility.     

Strategic planning in London: the past and the future

This article is based on the Keynote Address given by Mr Nicholson at the GLC Planning and Transport Conference, The County Hall, London, 31 January 1986.     

生态建设规划功能分区研究——以抚顺市清原镇为例

生态功能分区不同于一般功能分区,强调发挥各地区生态要素的有利条件,将小城镇生态系统中各子系统构成一个有机统一整体。     

Strategic planning for sustainable rural development

Many countries are now facing the realization that further development of the countryside is seriously hampered by the lack of attention given to ecological aspects. Land use and development of such for the future is urgently in need of planning in which ecological knowledge is embedded. Recently, a set of computer programs called ECONET was developed at the Agricultural University of Wageningen which anticipated such a need within a multiple land use planning environment. The program is based on the island biogeography theory, which stresses the importance of ‘green corridors’ for the movement of species from niche to niche, and on the meta-population theory. Based on network mathematics, the spatial relationship between niches of ecological importance can now be analysed eithin a vector-based geographical information system (GIS) environment, and the most important infrastructure areas to be reserved for the propagation of species can be determined. The program can be used for impact analysis studies in situations where plan alternatives are to be looked into. The state of the art for such strategic planning for sustainable rural development is presented by means of some case studies.     

青岛城市规划与空间结构转型

通过回顾青岛市城市规划史,对青岛城市规划与城市发展以及城市空间结构进行了分析,探析了青岛市城市空间结构的未来发展构想,以期把青岛建成更有活力,更有吸引力和竞争力的城市之一.     

Strategic delegation under spatial price discrimination

This paper introduces strategic delegation into the traditional model of spatial price discrimination. We examine cases of both simultaneous and sequential location and find that delegating location choices to managers causes firms to move towards each other. This movement typically reduces social welfare. While exceptions exist for high cost convexity and for some cases of elastic demand, this reduction reverses the increase in welfare associated with delegation in common quantity games outside the spatial context.     

The concept of polycentricity in European spatial planning: reflections on its interpretation and application in the practice of spatial planning

The concept of polycentric development has emerged as one of the hallmarks of the emerging field of European spatial planning. It was one of the key principles in the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP), it has been frequently debated by academics, and it has been invoked by those engaged in spatial development policy making across the scales of multi-level governance in Europe. The concept is subject to multiple interpretations. This article argues that as well as being differentiated by spatial scale (vertical differentiation), the concept can also be differentiated horizontally by context. It is currently being interpreted and employed in at least three domains of meaning: in the emerging field of transnational spatial planning for Europe; in the practice of spatial development policy making at the various levels of multi-level territorial governance within Europe where planning occurs; and in an emerging academic discourse relating to European spatial planning. The article then focuses on the second domain where polycentricity is employed and has meaning ascribed to it, through a consideration of how the concept has been interpreted and applied in recent spatial planning initiatives in England. The article concludes that further ‘bottom-up’ comparative research and analysis is key to future research into the concept of polycentricity in European spatial planning.     

Urbanization and spatial planning in an international perspective

This contribution compares Germany, France, and the United Kingdom with the Netherlands on a number of issues. The focus is on (a) processes of urbanization and (b) urban policies (broadly defined in an economic, social, and ecological sense). These issues are seen in relation to national spatial planning. The authors combine the findings of this comparative analysis with the results of previous research by one of the authors. At the end, they draw some conclusions and make recommendations for the next (Fifth) Report on Physical Planning in the Netherlands. Ton Kreukels is professor of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Geographical Sciences at Utrecht University. From 1986 to 1992, he was also a member of the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy. Then, and especially in this last position, his research was focused on a study of the four big cities and city regions in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht. From 1992 up to the present, he has been involved in a comparative study of urban regions in Europe, including those of the Netherlands. Egge-Jan Pollé is a human geographer from Utrecht University. In 1996, while a junior-researcher at Utrecht University, he worked together with the first author on the study about Germany, France, and the United Kingdom that is reported in this article. That study was commissioned by the Netherlands National Spatial Planning Agency.     

Strategic planning for competitive advantage in construction

This paper outlines the developments in strategic planning exemplified by the works of Porter (1979, 1985, 1990) and others. After describing the emerging concepts and techniques, it is observed that these have been applied by enterprises in other sectors of the economy in pursuit of competitive advantage. Such applications are taking place at the level of parts of an enterprise's operations and at the overall corporate level. This is contrasted with the situation in construction where strategic planning at any level is less widespread, although it is becoming more common. Several reasons are identified as hindrances to strategic planning in construction. The current and historical situation with regard to planning in construction is described. The ways in which strategic planning can be applied by construction enterprises are outlined. In conclusion, it is observed that Porter's new concepts of strategic planning have relevance to, and considerable scope for application in, construction enterprises. It is suggested that the changing nature of the task of the construction industry and the dynamism of its operating environment imply that the strategic planning techniques put forward by Porter are vital for the survival and progress of construction enterprises of all types.     

Modelling land-use change for spatial planning support

Land-use change is a key factor in the development of the human and physical environment. Models of land-use change help understand this intricate system and can provide valuable information on possible future land-use configurations. The latter is crucial for policy makers across the globe that have to deal with such varied topics as: urbanisation, deforestation, water management, erosion control and the like. This paper provides a concise introduction to the current state of land-use models, their applications to spatial policy issues and the main research issues in this field. It thus establishes the background for the six papers that make up this special issue on modelling land-use change for spatial planning support.     

Strategic planning for water utilities in developing countries

A common feature of public water utilities in developing countries is their lack of a commercial orientation. As a result, many utilities find themselves locked in a cycle of poor corporate performance—with low coverage of services, huge amounts of non-revenue water and insufficient funding for maintenance and expansion. Strategic planning in such turbulent times should be relevant, cost-effective and transforming. This paper discusses a strategic planning framework to assist utilities in developing meaningful and useful performance improvement plans. Recent application of this framework in Africa has demonstrated its relevancy, cost-effectiveness and potential to transform poorly performing water utilities.     

沿海城市水资源战略规划与探讨

针对沿海城市缺水的特征,以广东湛江市东海岛分区规划为例,分析了水资源存在的问题,对城市的用水量进行了预测,提出了沿海城市水资源的战略规划,以满足沿海城市发展的用水要求。     

都市圈空间规划模式研究

1　都市圈空间规划特征1 1　空间上的跨区域性都市圈空间规划是一种结构性的规划 ,强调规划范围的跨区域性是其主要特点 :(1 )它是一种城市功能区域 ,其研究的空间地域范围是跨市域的 ,甚至跨省域的 ,是从经济相互影响、相互作用的角度来进行空间组织。(2 )空间范围随着中心城市功能强弱的变化而消长 ;(3)都市圈规划强调淡化行政区划 ,逐步改变传统的按行政区域进行规划的模式 ,从大区域尺度和功能区的角度来考虑城镇空间组织和资源有效配置 ,特别是协调城市交界处的空间关系。1 2　以一个或多个大都市为核心都市圈空间规划是以一个或几个…     

空间句法视角下的村庄灾后重建规划

以南孤台村为例,研究河北719洪水灾后重建,探讨空间句法在灾后重建规划中的应用,科学的研究和布置南孤台村的路网系统及公共活动空间,从而为南孤台村灾后重建各类用地的规划布局提供参考。     

New challenges in the field of spatial planning: landscapes

The European Landscape Convention (ELC) highlights the landscape as an holistic concept, which is important for individual and social well being and for quality of life. Landscape questions tend today to fall between the responsibilities of different sectors of society. The implications of the Convention for giving 'landscape' a higher status in spatial planning are discussed. Important challenges for planning that need to be focused from a landscape approach are discussed: the growing urbanization; the development and new roles of the urban fringe areas; new infrastructure landscapes; the mental landscapes of tomorrow; an holistic approach to landscape ecological planning and environmental policies and the need for co-ordination of European planning issues that concern landscapes. Planning for good landscape qualities is not a new issue; many landscape architects and landscape planners have worked in the spirit of the ELC for decades. The importance of educating landscape architects and planners with an holistic approach is particularly addressed. Efforts for a more integrated landscape education, such as the European network LE:NOTRE, already exist and contribute to the implementation of the ELC.