润滑油基础油的生产工艺及发展趋势分析

在我国市场经济不断发展的带动下,社会生产力水平得到迅速提升,与此同时,工业领域的发展速度也在不断加快,润滑油基础油的生产工艺以及生产质量得到了高度重视。如何能够满足社会发展对于润滑油生产质量提出的相关要求,是目前润滑油基础油生产过程中重点研究的问题。基于此,文章首先对润滑油基础油的生产工艺进行了阐述,进而结合时代发展的需求对润滑油基础油未来发展趋势进行了分析,为促进润滑油基础油生产发展提供参考。     

润滑油工艺发展及加氢润滑油基础油的优势

介绍了润滑油工艺的发展对润滑油基础的影响，指出发展高档、环保、长效润滑油基础油是世界润滑油基础油的发展趋势，并对我国润滑油基础油的发展提出了几点建议。     

国内外润滑油基础油生产技术及发展趋势

介绍了国内外生产润滑油基础油的老三套传统工艺的概况及技术进展,综述了国外润滑油加氧工艺技术的进展以及我国润滑油加氢装置的生产现状,指出采用传统的老三套工艺与加氢工艺结合的组合工艺是今后润滑油基础油生产的主要方向。     

我国润滑油添加剂发展现状

自锦州石化公司与美国埃克森公司(Exxon)合资成立了锦州-埃克森添加剂公司以及兰州炼化总厂与路博润公司合资成立了路博-兰炼添加剂公司以来,我国润滑油添加剂生产能力已有相当规模,形成了锦州、兰州两大添加剂生产基地。路博-兰炼添加剂公司1997年在天津和兰州新建了两座添加剂生产厂,天津厂的生产能力为7000t/a,兰州厂为3000t/a,主要生产各种车用润滑油添加剂配方和调配组分。目前,我国润滑油添加剂单剂生产能力为13万t/a,复合添加剂调和能力为3.6万t/a,路博-兰炼添加剂公司和锦州-埃克森添加剂公司的产能约占全国生产能力的60％,基本能满足国内油品发展的需要。     

发展加氢工艺技术优先润滑油基础油

论述了润滑油基础油的生产消费情况，分析了加氢工艺技术与传统工艺的区别。介绍了加氢处理、催化脱蜡和异构脱蜡3种加氢工艺的特点及其专利技术和应用情况。着重对异构脱蜡工艺进行了介绍，指出了发展异构脱蜡工艺的必要性。     

当前我国润滑油基础油生产中的问题及对策

当前,我国润滑油产品供大于求,而质量与国外同类产品则有较大差距。造成上述问题的根本原因是优质润滑油基础油的品种与数量不能完全满足高档润滑油产品开发的需要。因此,应提高高粘度指数(HVI)基础油的比例,并选用溶剂精制与加氢处理相结合的方法由中间基原油生产HVI基础油。     

世界润滑油基础油供需现状和预测

介绍了世界各地区和部分国家润滑油基础油的供需现状及２０００年的供需预测。     

关于发展我国润滑油基础油生产技术的一些看法

分析了我国润滑油生产状况及润滑油产品质量水平不高的原因,对进一步发展我国润滑油基础油生产技术提出了建议。     

我国润滑油基础油发展趋势

概述了我国润滑油以及润滑油基础油的生产和市场状况,分析了国内润滑油市场发展趋势及其对基础油品种需求结构的影响,预测了我国基础油未来发展趋势。     

润滑油基础油溶剂脱蜡技术进展

介绍了国内外润滑油基础油溶剂脱蜡的主要技术,重点从溶剂、助剂、结晶器、溶剂回收等方面讨论了溶剂脱蜡技术发展,并提出了我国润滑油基础油脱蜡的开发方向。     

Preparation and performance of novel lubricating oil additives derived from 2-mercaptobenzothiazole

Three 2-dialkylaminomethylthiobenzhthiazoles were prepared, and their thermal stability, corrosion-inhibiting and lubricating characteristics as additives in lubricating oil were evaluated. The novel additives possess higher load-carrying capacity and better lubricating property.     

Preparation and tribological properties of unmodified and oleic acid-modified CuS nanorods as lubricating oil additives

Unmodified and oleic acid-modified CuS nanorods were prepared by water bath and hydrothermal method. The prepared CuS nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The tribological properties of both types of CuS nanorods as additives in liquid paraffin (LP) were investigated using a vertical universal friction and wear testing machine. The addition of unmodified and oleic acid-modified CuS nanorods was found to significantly reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate of pins by increasing the surface area and addition concentration of CuS nanorod additives. The addition of oleic acid-modified CuS nanorod showed higher anti-wear properties than those of unmodified CuS nanorods. The prominent tribological performances of CuS nanorods additives were attributed to the formation of complete and uniform tribo-film,which is confirmed by the EDS analyses of tested worn surfaces of pins.     

活塞式压缩机润滑油的选择

介绍了活塞式压缩机润滑方式对润滑油的要求和常用的活塞式压缩机润滑油的分类情况,着重讨论了活塞式压缩机内部润滑油的负荷等级和粘度的选择,及不同介质压缩机润滑油品种的选择方法。     

Production of lubricating base oil from slop wax by different subsequent refining techniques

Different subsequent refining techniques including solvent dewaxing and solvent extraction have been used to produce lubricating base oil from slop wax waste by-product. The solvent dewaxing technique was performed using two different solvent mixtures of methyl ethyl ketone and toluene with and without benzene at different dilution solvent ratios and at different dewaxing temperatures. The solvent extraction technique was carried out using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent at 90 °C and at constant dilution solvent ratio of 3:1 by weight. The resulting data revealed that the highest yield of lubricating base oil having the lowest pour point (−6 °C) and the highest iso- and cyclo-paraffins to n-paraffins ratio (5.11) is obtained by solvent dewaxing process only. While the lowest yield of lubricating base oil having the highest pour point (−1 °C) and the lowest iso- and cyclo-paraffins to n-paraffins ratio (4.08) is obtained using solvent dewaxing followed by solvent extraction process. These lubricating base oil products, especially the one that having the lowest pour point (−6 °C) matches the principal characteristics of AX 973853 type of premium low viscosity textile machinery oils obtained by Mobile Velocite Oil Company.     

高温润滑油基础油的研究进展

概述了合成润滑油基础油的发展进程,系统阐述了适用于高温条件下的聚α-烯烃、硅油、有机酯和GTL润滑油基础油的研究状况;开发满足各类要求的合成油引起关注,并具有良好的开发和应用前景。     

混合癸烯制备润滑油加氢工艺技术

为了降低加氢后合成油的溴值,以Mo和Ni为加氢催化剂,考察不同反应温度、空速、氢压和氢油体积比对溴值的影响。结果表明,在反应温度320 ℃、空速0.8 h-1、氢压4.0 MPa和氢油体积比550∶1最佳工艺条件下,加氢后合成油的溴值降为0.043 g-Br·（100g油）^-1。Mo和Ni加氢催化剂具有优良的烯烃饱和作用。     

Remediation of soil contaminated with lubricating oil by extraction using subcritical water

The remediation of lubricating oil contaminated soil was investigated by extraction using subcritical water. The effects of temperature and time on extraction efficiency were studied by performing eight individual extractions and varying the subcritical water temperature (200, 225, 250, and 275 °C) and extraction time (90, 120, 180, and 240 min) in a dynamic mode. Also, a comparison was carried out of the feasibility of two operational modes, namely, dynamic and static-dynamic mode. Of the 25,088 mg/kg of lubricating oil as the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration in untreated soil, the residual concentration was found to be ∼500 and 235 mg/kg for after 120 min extraction in a lab-scale apparatus and 150 min extraction in a 30-fold scale-up experiment, respectively, at 275 °C in static-dynamic mode. The result of this study showed the significant effect of the static-dynamic mode on extraction efficiency. The time and volume of water needed for the static-dynamic mode were much lower than those needed for the dynamic mode. These results are of practical interest in developing the subcritical water extraction technology for extraction of lubricating oil and, in a broad sense, petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated soil.     

Impact of lubricating oil on particulates formed during combustion of diesel fuel—a shock tube study

The advent of more stringent standards to reduce particulate emissions has increased the need to control the contribution that consumption of lubricating oil in engines makes toward particle emissions. Although many studies have been done in this area, the main mechanism by which lubricating oil contributes to particle formation is not well understood. In this study, the impact of lubricating oil on particle emissions from diesel fuel combustion was investigated. Combustion of D-2 diesel fuel with two concentrations of Pennzoil 10W40 motor oil (0.5 and 2 wt%) was studied over a temperature range of 1200-2300 °C at pressures of 5, 14 and 24 atm. All experiments were conducted in a modified single pulse reflected shock tube. The fuel and lubricating oil mixtures were injected using a high pressure fuel injector. The addition of lubricating oil led to higher particulate yields at higher combustion pressures. The increase was more evident with higher lubricating oil concentrations. However, at lower pressures, neither concentrations of lubricating oil had any impact on particulate yield. The results agree with previous studies where an increase in particulate yield was observed with an increase in lubricating oil consumption and pressure. The results observed confirm the hypothesis that lubricating oil present in the combustion chamber during the combustion process could contribute to particle emissions.     

硼酸在润滑油添加剂领域的应用现状

硼元素引入润滑油添加剂中可改善和提高油品的抗磨性能以及热稳定性能等。硼元素是通过硼酸与碱性化合物反应而引入添加剂分子上的，因而，硼酸已逐步成为润滑油添加剂的重要原料之一。介绍了硼酸在润滑油添加剂中的应用现状，包括含硼清净剂、含硼分散剂、含硼极压抗磨剂、含硼防锈剂。主要介绍了世界各大石油公司生产含硼润滑油添加剂的商品牌号、合成方法等。指出随着中国汽车工业的发展，环保、节能法规的不断出台与执行力度的加大，含硼等环保、节能型润滑油添加剂将得到广泛的使用，其中硼化丁二酰亚胺市场潜力巨大。     

Polymeric additives for improving the flow properties and viscosity index of lubricating oils

Four sets of copolymeric additives were synthesized via copolymerization of dialkyl fumarates and dialkyl maleates with vinyl acetate (VAc) and vinylpyrrolidone (VP) monomers. The dialkyl esters were prepared by the esterification of maleic and fumaric acids with a series of n-alkanol having an increasing number of carbon atoms to produce two groups of diesters. The completion of the esterification reaction was confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. The molecular weights of the prepared esters and copolymers were determined and the influences of different parameters on the molecular weight of the produced copolymers were discussed. The efficiency of the prepared copolymers as viscosity index and flow improvers (pour point depressants) was investigated. It has been found that the dialkyl ester/VP copolymers are more efficient as viscosity index improvers than the dialkyl ester/VAc copolymers. On the other hand, it has been found that the copolymers based on didodecyl fumarate/VAc are the most effective pour point depressants.