Evaluation of Spaceborne SiC Mirror Materials Using Samples Cut from the Periphery of a Mirror Body

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency has studied large-scale, lightweight mirrors constructed of SiC-based materials as a key technology for future earth observations and astronomical missions. One of the most important technical issues for large-scale ceramic components is their quality stability (viz., differences in material properties depending on the part and the processing), which might influence the structural and/or thermal reliability through unforeseen deformation and breakage. In this study, the authors used a simple, low-cost method for evaluating the properties of SiC mirror materials. Using mechanical testing, thermodilatometry, and microstructural analysis on samples cut from the periphery of a prototype 800-mm-diameter mirror body, the overall quality of the mirror body material was determined.     

碳化硅反射镜安装面电火花平动加工工艺研究

针对大型Si C反射镜的加工需求,提出了一种电火花平动加工工艺。通过改造电火花线切割机床,搭建了加工实验平台,设计了采用内部高速高压冲液方式的电火花平动加工电极。在此基础上,以大型Si C反射镜为加工对象进行实验,验证了该工艺方法的可行性。     

PVA/PF复合凝胶磨具精密磨削碳化硅陶瓷工艺实验研究

目的 针对传统粉末热压成形细粒度金刚石磨具存在颗粒团聚、磨削碳化硅陶瓷容易在表面产生较深划痕的问题,提出一种基于冷冻-解冻凝胶成形的细粒度金刚石磨具,用于精密磨削碳化硅陶瓷,并研究其加工工艺.方法 制备聚乙烯醇-酚醛树脂复合凝胶胶水,将金刚石和填料在凝胶胶水中剪切分散,得到的浆料浇筑在模具中,在–20℃低温条件下反复冷...     

Cu/WCu/Cu复合薄板的组织和性能研究

为减少传统工艺制备的钨/铜薄板在压力加工过程中产生过多缺陷,提高板材的力学和电学性能,设计了一种新型的具有Cu/WCu/Cu三明治结构的超薄板,对比分析了两种结构板材在轧制过程中组织和性能的变化。结果表明:与传统结构试样相比,三明治结构试样表面覆铜层能够完成对基体表层钨颗粒的包覆和孔隙的填充,进而实现表面改性;三明治结构试样在轧制过程中产生缺陷相对较少,加工硬化不明显,抗拉强度和导电性能也优于传统试样。     

复合蛋盒型夹层结构动态压缩的力学性能研究

蛋盒型结构是一种新型的周期性单胞轻质结构,该结构具有低密度、高比强度和吸能能力强等特性。本文通过有限元法建立了平面蛋盒型夹芯板与曲面蛋盒型夹心板的落锤冲击模型,对比分析了其抗冲击特性,并且对不同条件下的蛋盒型结构的动态压缩力学性能进行对比分析。结果表明：受到冲击时的夹芯板会经历三个阶段,其中压缩阶段为主要的吸能阶段,通过将冲击动能转变为夹芯板的塑性耗散能来达到缓冲吸能的目的,同时这些特性依赖于成型高度以及上下面板厚度等结构参数,单胞结构成型高度为6mm、单胞周期为20mm、上下面板板厚为0.5mm、曲率半径为400mm时,复合蛋盒型夹芯板具有更好地力学性能。     

(SiC)p表面修饰及吸波性能研究

目的提高(SiC)P的吸波性能。方法采用低成本、环保型的化学镀镍方法对(SiC)P表面进行修饰,设计了氧化、亲水、敏化、活化系列增强前处理工艺,确定了(SiC)P表面修饰的最佳工艺流程。用SEM、EDS、XRD等分别表征了修饰前后(SiC)P形貌、成分、物相的改变,采用波导法测定了修饰后碳化硅复合粉体的介电性能,并以其为吸波剂在铝板上制备了吸波材料。结果修饰后,获得了镀层连续、无光滑(SiC)P裸露的较高质量的碳化硅复合粉体(简写为(Ni/SiC)P)。(Ni/SiC)P较原粉(SiC)P,其形貌、组成、结构发生了明显改变,且介电常数、介电损耗、吸波性能明显增强,其中,介电常数的实部增强约为22%,虚部增强约为20%。涂覆1层(Ni/SiC)P涂料,在17.12 GHz时,RL=−15.47 dB,大于涂敷2层原粉(SiC)P涂料的吸收效果。涂覆2层(Ni/SiC)P涂料,在16.11 GHz时,RL=−23.51 dB。结论采用低成本、环保型方法实现了(SiC)P表面高质量修饰,修饰后,复合颗粒(Ni/SiC)P的介电性能及吸波性能均明显提高。     

5-axis Control Ultra-precision Machining of Complex-shaped Mirrors for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography System

The study deals with the manufacture of novel mirrors, an arc-shaped fly-eye mirror and a rectangular fly-eye one, for an extreme ultraviolet lithography system. Both mirrors have a complex reflective surface consisting of many small spherical mirror elements. A method is proposed to accurately realize such mirrors, using ultra-precision 5-axis control machining. The method enables to manufacture spherical surfaces with any radius, without changing the tool shape. Furthermore, another advantage of the method is that the sphericity of the resulting surfaces is independent of tool shape accuracy. By using this method, two kinds of fly-eye mirror with sixteen mirror elements are successfully fabricated.     

表面改性碳化硅在玻璃磨边金刚石抛光砂轮(UPR)上的应用

采用高分子表面活性剂对碳人硅进行表面改性制备出了弹性微球复合粒子，降低了微粉的表面能，提高了与金刚石及结合剂的粘结性能，并通过加入柔性剂对不饱和聚酯树脂增韧改性，研制出了UPR玻璃磨边金刚石抛光砂轮。实验证明其抛光效果和使用寿命均达到了同类进口产品的水平，且生产工艺简单，设备投资成本低，无污染。     

Ti3 SiC2 复合材料耐磨性能研究

Ti₃SiC₂是一种六方晶体结构的特殊陶瓷材料,兼具金属与陶瓷的优异性能,拥有优良的高温强度、抗氧化性及可加工性等优点,广泛应用于耐磨润滑材料。本文综述其同金属和SiC、金刚石、TiC、Al₂O₃等复合后的优异性能和广阔应用,并展望其在和金属、陶瓷、金刚石等材料复合领域的研究方向。      

SiC_p/ZL201复合材料的力学性能

研究了ＳｉＣｐ尺寸、含量及热处理工艺对铸造ＳｉＣｐ／ＺＬ２０１复合材料的室温和高温力学性能的影响。随ＳｉＣｐ含量的提高和粒子尺寸的增大,复合材料的室温抗拉强度呈下降趋势。随温度升高,基体合金的抗拉强度急剧下降,而复合材料的则下降较小。当温度大于２４０℃时复合材料的抗拉强度高于基体合金,表明ＳｉＣｐ的加入显著提高了基体合金的高温抗拉强度。     

C芯SiC纤维制备技术研究

在自行设计制造的直流电阻加热CVD装置上制备出C芯SiC纤维,C芯SiC比W芯具有更高的力学性能,更好的界面相容性,更低的密度,成为制备SiC/Ti基复合材料的最佳增强体。研究CH3SiHCl2-CH3SiCl3-H2-Ar体系中在C芯表面化学气相沉积SiC涂层工艺,考察沉积温度,[H2]/[silane],气流量,Ar气流量对化学气相沉积SiC涂层的结构、性能的影响。并对涂层表面形貌及结构成分进行SEM,XRD,raman,AES分析。结果表明:在温度1200℃,[H2]/[silane]=1.4,气体流量4.89L/min,稀释气体0.2L/min时,纤维拉伸强度最好为3392MPa。其中纤维的性能对沉积温度,[H2]/[silane]最敏感。     

形内自相似六边形蜂窝结构的应变能密度优化方法

层级材料具有优异的力学性能和吸能特性。提出一种面内分形的形内自相似六边形蜂窝结构,运用应变能密度优化方法,对三维形内自相似六边形蜂窝结构进行尺寸优化,分别得到应变能密度最大和应变能密度最小的优化结构,并与未经优化的形内自相似蜂窝结构及典型的圆形蜂窝结构进行吸能特性比较。结果表明:应变能密度最大的自相似蜂窝结构比应变能密度最小的结构吸能特性强,但整体刚性相比较弱,应变能密度最小的形内自相似蜂窝结构抗冲击刚性较强;两种应变能密度不同的形内自相似六边形蜂窝结构都具有较强的吸能特性,其比吸能比未经优化的形内自相似蜂窝结构和典型圆形蜂窝较好。结构的自相似分形方式和应变能密度优化能够很好改善蜂窝结构的耐撞性和吸能特性,同时实现结构轻量化。     

PECVD制备六方金刚石结构碳氢薄膜

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术(PECVD)在单晶硅(100)表面上制备了一层含有六方金刚石结构的碳氢薄膜。采用透射电子显微镜和拉曼光谱仪对薄膜结构进行表征;并用Nano-indenterⅡ型纳米压痕仪和CSM—摩擦磨损试验机对薄膜的力学性能和摩擦学性能进行了测试。结果表明:该碳氢薄膜含有六方金刚石结构,另外还含有少量的纳米弯曲石墨片段;与制备的类金刚石碳氢薄膜相比,该薄膜具有较好的力学性能,同时该薄膜在空气环境下表现出了较好的摩擦学性能。     

Microstructure and frictional properties of 3D needled C/SiC brake materials modified with graphite

The 3D needled C/SiC brake materials modified with graphite were prepared by a combined process of the chemical vapor infiltration,slurry infiltration and liquid silicon infiltration process.The microstructure and frictional properties of the brake materials were investigated.The density and open porosity of the materials as-received were about(2.1±0.1)g/cm3and(5±1)%,respectively.The brake materials were composed of 59%C,39%SiC,and 2%Si(mass fraction).The content of Si in the C/SiC brake materials modified with graphite was far less than that in the C/SiC brake materials without being modified with graphite,and the Si was dispersed.The braking curve of the 3D needled C/SiC modified with graphite was smooth,which can ensure the smooth and comfortable braking.The frictional properties under wet condition of the 3D needled C/SiC modified with graphite showed no fading.And the linear wear rate of the C/SiC modified with graphite was lower than that of the C/SiC unmodified.     

Analyzing the metallurgical and cultural backgrounds of two Han-dynasty bronze-mirror fragments

Chinese TLV-bronze mirrors dating to the Han dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.) were popular objects of everyday life as well as highly esteemed works of art. The decorated back of the mirror characterizes the culture of this period as well as the excellent early Chinese casting techniques.     

模压压力对2D-Cf／SiC复合材料性能的影响

以聚碳硅烷、SiC微粉为原料，二维碳纤维织物为增强体，采用先驱体转化法制备了2D-Cf／SiC复合材料，考察了模压压力对2D-Cf／SiC复合材料常温力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着模压压力的增加，纤维体积分数明显提高，但材料的力学性能未能随之提高，主要原因在于随着压力增加，SiC微粉对碳纤维的损伤加剧。模压压力的增加导致纤维体积分数增加和纤维损伤的加剧，两方面的原因造成模压压力对材料的力学性能影响不大。有压成型比无压成型制得的材料的高温抗氧化性要好，主要原因是在0MPa压力下，材料基体更容易出现裂纹，从而使得高温条件下氧化气氛更容易对材料性能造成损害。     

碳化硅木质陶瓷复合装甲结构设计及数值模拟优化

根据车辆的防护要求,以陶瓷复合装甲防弹机理为依据,进行碳化硅木质陶瓷/UHMWPE纤维复合装甲结构设计和数值模拟优化,并制备碳化硅木质陶瓷复合装甲,进行实弹打靶验证防弹性能。在确保陶瓷复合装甲面密度为38 kg/m2的前提下,以子弹侵彻深度为评价标准,以碳化硅木质陶瓷防弹片的厚度、形状、尺寸和布置位置为研究因素,设计了四因素三水平的正交模拟优化方案,利用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对所设计的复合装甲的防弹性能进行数值模拟,并比对数值模拟结果与实弹打靶试验结果。结果表明,针对北约AEP-55 STANAG 4569 Ⅱ级防护标准,本文所设计的陶瓷复合装甲最优化的结构形式为8mm厚的碳化硅木质陶瓷防弹面板、13.7mm厚的UHMWPE纤维防弹背板,防弹面板采用面积为4900mm2的正六边形碳化硅木质陶瓷防弹片拼接而成;碳化硅木质陶瓷防弹片对防弹性能的主次影响因素为：布置位置＞厚度＞尺寸＞形状。     

Ti3SiC2陶瓷颗粒增强铜基复合材料的组织和性能

为了考察Al,Sn,Zr,Mo合金元素对α钛合金在室温和77 K低温（液氮）下的缺口冲击韧性（冲击值Ak）的影响,采用示波冲击试验机测试了Ti-2Al,Ti-2Sn,Ti-2Zr和Ti-1Mo 4种α钛合金在室温和77K下的Ak值,并计算了表征其冲击韧性的弹性变形功、塑性变形功和裂纹扩展撕裂功.用扫描电镜观察了4种合金冲击试样断口的形貌.计算数据和显微组织表明,4种合金均显示韧性特征,4种合金元素对冲击韧性贡献的顺序为：Mo＞Zr＞Sn＞Al.     

Investigation of glass thickness effect on thermal slumping by experimental and numerical methods

Thermal slumping process is a high volume and low cost manufacturing method for fabricating aspherical and freeform glass mirrors with large dimensions. It has been aggressively tested for X-ray mirrors for space-based telescopes and for solar panels as well. In case a concave mold is used, the relationship between the upper surface contour of a slumped mirror and that of the mold becomes non-linear. On the other hand, the final surface contour of the slumped glass is a very important parameter which directly affects the optical performance of the mirror. In this research, experiments of thermal slumping glass plates on a parabolic concave mold were performed to study the thickness effect on the slumping process and the final surface contour of the upper surface of the glass plate. In addition, numerical simulation was conducted to ensure the internal stresses were removed at selected cooling rate and predict the corresponding surface contour. A comparison between simulation and experiments showed that the finite element method (FEM) simulation is adequate for predicting the surface contour if the glass was fully slumped. It was also discovered that under certain process conditions, thinner glass plates may not be fully slumped therefore proper remedies to the manufacturing process are necessary.     

Mechanical properties of open-cell rhombic dodecahedron cellular structures

A series of analytical relationships is presented to predict the mechanical properties and response of open three-dimensional Voronoi tessellation of face-centered cubic structures called rhombic dodecahedrons. The cell edge material was assumed to be elastic–perfectly plastic, and the effective mechanical properties of the cellular structure were related to the cell edge material properties and the relative density of the cellular structure. Detailed finite element models were carried out to establish the validity of the analytical models. In the elastic regime, the monodisperse cellular structure is orthotropic and near-incompressible in all loading directions, and its response is governed by bending deformation of the cell edges. The yield strength of the cellular structure in all loading directions is equal. We also studied the role of irregularity in the organization of the cellular structure on its mechanical properties. The irregularity in the cellular structure organization was introduced by moving the vertices of a regular cellular structure in three orthogonal directions by a random value within a predefined range called the “irregularity index”. At a constant overall relative density, increasing the level of irregularity increases the effective elastic modulus and significantly decreases the effective yield strength of the cellular structure. We also studied the mechanical properties of the cellular structure tied to rigid plates, in view of the application of cellular structure as the core construction of sandwich panels. In this case, the cellular structure is significantly stiffer and its mechanical response is dominated by cell wall stretching.