改进鲸鱼算法求解工程设计优化问题

为了更好求解工程设计优化问题,提升鲸鱼算法的寻优性能和应用能力,提出一种基于分段式随机惯性权重和最优反馈机制的鲸鱼优化算法.在随机游走觅食策略中引入基于当前全局最优解的反馈机制,加快算法收敛速度,增强求解稳定性;在收缩包围策略和螺旋气泡网捕食策略中引入分段式随机惯性权重,提高算法的寻优精度和跳出局部极值的能力;对越界处理进行修正和改进,消除了进化成果可能丢失的隐患.通过理论分析证明了该改进算法与基本鲸鱼算法的时间复杂度相同.6种代表性对比算法在12个复杂基准测试函数和3个工程优化设计问题上的实验结果表明,该改进算法的寻优性能、求解稳定性、对不同问题的适用性和有效性均明显优于其他5种对比算法.     

基于认知激励的创造性解决工程设计问题方法

创造性思维发生在思维的认知阶段，但由于认知过程存在先天不足，容易导致有限的或错误的解决问题的办法，因而无法满足人们对创新的要求。提出了一种系统性的创造性解决工程设计问题的方法，该方法基于认知的原理及过程，充分利用创造性思维策略及发散思维的特点来激励认知，产生较多的、全面的、具有价值的创新点。最后给出了一个示例。     

A simple approach to solving multi-response quality characteristic problems in CMOS ion implantation

This study develops a systematic algorithm for optimizing the multi-response quality characteristics in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ion implantation experiments in terms of overall product quality, by adopting the grey situation decision-making method. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by such an experiment.     

工业产品的绿色设计与环境问题

改善生态环境是企业的责任和义务，企业开展产品的绿色设计是企业适应可持续发展社会的必然选择。建立产品相关的环境政策和企业环境管理体系是开展产品绿色设计的基本保证。通过绿色设计，可以将传统的末端控制改变为主动预防控制，有效地防止环境污染，降低产品成本，在取得经济效益的同时，取得了良好的环境效益。采用不同的绿色设计策略，可以实现不同的产品环境目标。     

Precision engineering aspects of record player design

Delegates at the First International Precision Engineering Seminar, held at Cranfield in May 1981, heard one of the first public demonstrations of the Elite-Cranfield gramophone. This design was developed at Cranfield as an attempt to obtain the maximum information from the analogue (black vinyl) record, while adding the minimum of additional signal (distortion). This article describes the basic requirements of a high quality gramophone record player, focussing on some of the precision engineering techniques which were applied in the Cranfield design, and illustrating how the application of advanced technology may be necessary, even in domestic ‘consumer’ products, where the highest level of performance is an important criterion of success.     

Binary NCP: a new approach for solving nonlinear complementarity problems

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - A general nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP) is formulated as a finite set optimization problem called binary NCP, where design variables are...     

Robust design of linkages-Synthesis by solving non-linear optimization problems

This paper deals with the robust design of linkages, i.e. linkages with minimum sensitivity to variations in dimensions which may be induced by environment, operating conditions, manufacturing defects, aging, deterioration, etc. To account for variations, dimensions are considered as random variables, and a stochastic kinematic analysis is adopted which gives both mean performance and performance variation. Synthesis of robust mechanisms is obtained by solving non-linear optimization problems with non-derivative methods. The penalty function to be minimized in these problems essentially expresses the mathematical expectation of deviation from desired behaviour due to the effects of random variation of link lengths. An example of the synthesis of path generation mechanisms (both robust and non-robust) is given.     

Boundary method for shape design sensitivity analysis in solving free-surface flow problems

An efficient boundary-based optimization technique is applied in the numerical computation of free surface flow problems, by reformulating them into the equivalent optimal shape design problems. While the sensitivity in the boundary method has mainly been calculated using the boundary element method (BEM) as an analysis means, the finite element method (FEM) is used in this study because of its popularity and easy-to-use features. The advantage of boundary method is that the design velocity vectors are needed only on the boundary, not over the whole domain. As such, a determination of the complicated domain design velocity field, which is necessary in the domain method, is eliminated, thereby making the process easy to implement and efficient. Seepage and supercavitating flow problem are chosen to illustrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

工程机械在高原环境作业中存在的问题及解决途径探讨

针对高原地区的环境特征,根据相关试验数据,分析工程机械在高原环境作业过程中存在的主要问题,并给出解决问题的基本途径。     

Program-combinatorial approach to solving problems of error-free readout of random point images

A novel approach is proposed for solving probability problems arising in studying reliability of readout of random point structures. The essence of this approach is based on combining specialized program-analytical and discrete-combinatorial methods of research seldom used in academic practice. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated by an example of solving a particular problem that involves two-threshold readout of random point images.     

Osteoporosis: New biomedical engineering aspects

There is tremendous interest of research which surrounds the concept of “osteoporosis,” as shown by the intense and growing research activity in the field. The urgency to advance knowledge in this area is motivated by the need to understand not only the causes, diagnosis and treatment but also need for early identification or detection of this silent disease. Despite the various researches work is going on, important issues remain unresolved. In this paper, Osteoporosis has also been discussed with respect to biological, engineering, biochemical and physical aspects. The diagnostic and therapeutic techniques have been described for osteoporosis, for better health care. The novelty of the review paper lies in clarifying several myths, explaining the disease in details with biomedical engineering aspects and focuses on the several detection techniques, providing a new direction for early diagnosis of this deadly disease and gives new directions for the POCT device for Osteoporosis.     

A morphological approach to product design in a concurrent engineering environment

The development of product design in a concurrent engineering environment requires the consideration and inclusion of life cycle factors early in the design process. This paper proposes a product design framework where these factors are considered. The phases of product design in a concurrent engineering environment include: design requirements, design functions, design alternatives, design attributes, and design environments. A five-step algorithm is proposed by which the optimal design alternative, among all the feasible alternatives, is selected. In order to illustrate the proposed framework, the design of a braking system is presented in each phase. A morphological approach to product design is proposed that consists of two related morphologies. Morphology 1 addresses the innovative aspect of product design. Morphology 2 considers the computational and optimisation aspect of product design. In conclusion, an integrated approach which reconciles both morphologies is suggested.     

An automatic mark-up approach for structured document retrieval in engineering design

Information and knowledge retrieval has been recognized as a key issue in engineering design. A great deal of design-related information used and generated within engineering companies is formally recorded in documents. These documents become more useful if they are structured in a consistent way so that they can be retrieved and their contents accessed more effectively. Achieving useful structure in electronic documents relies on embedding some sort of mark-up or coding that is computer-understandable. Manual mark-up is time-consuming and costly. This paper proposes a knowledge engineering approach to automatic document mark-up employing XML (the eXtensible Mark-up Language) to ’tag’ explicitly the structural information. The focus here is on long and complex engineering documents. A three-level model is explored to achieve automatic semantic mark-up using a set of document decomposition schemes. The model includes a strategic level which identifies document typographical features based on such things as styles, inference or templates; a tactical level to define the rules to realize semantic mark-up according to the document features; and an operational level to perform the computational implementation of the mark-up rules. By making document structure explicit, information retrieval can be made more focused by returning not just whole documents but the document components that are most relevant or of most interest to the engineering designer, and information relevant to the designer’s need both with respect to document structure and content, not content alone. In addition, interpretation of useful structure by the human user can be hardwired into documents, which allows us to move closer to true semantic level retrieval.     

基于QFD与创新问题分类求解策略的创新设计研究

根据产品设计的特点,提出了融合质量功能配置(Quality Function Deployment,QFD)与创新问题分类求解策略的产品创新设计流程;论述了应用QFD确定创新设计问题类型与选择创新求解策略的方法;在上述理论方法的基础上,初步完成了计算机辅助创新设计软件中QFD模块的开发;最后,通过具体实例的应用说明并验证了提出的方法.     

Concurrent engineering approach to support CIM reference model-based FMS design

As a Computer Integrated Manufacturing system is a complex, expensive and long-term investment, it is necessary to have a good reference model as a first step to deal with its design and operation. A promising way to assist in CIM design and implementation is the Concurrent Engineering (CE) approach. This paper introduces a reference model (based on the CIM-OSA Architectural Framework) that was developed from a functional point of view. Details are given on how this model can be used for the concurrent design of products and Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS).     

产品改进的质量屋中顾客需求排序的集成方法

研究了产品改进的质量屋中顾客需求的排序问题.首先,根据企业及其竞争对手产品的竞争性评价和效用评价,建立了对应每一个顾客的顾客需求重要度优化模型.通过拉格朗日函数求解这些优化模型,确定对应于每一个顾客的顾客需求重要度,进而利用群决策的有关方法,确定了各项顾客需求的基本重要度.其次,引入实现顾客需求满意度的改进日标的重要度慨念,并通过平衡记分卡、比例标度法和层次分析法的集成,确定了实现各项顾客需求满意度的改进日标的重要度.最后,基于顾客需求的基本重要度、实现顾客需求满意度的改进目标的重要度和归一化的顾客需求"卖点"的合成,确定了产品改进的重要度,进而对产品改进中各项顾客需求进行优先排序,并以实例说明了方法的应用.     

Some tribological and environmental aspects in metal drawing

The methods of soap powder lubrication in dry drawing of metals are compared with a novel solid film lubrication. Concerning powder lubrication the required lubricant carrier or conversion treatments of the forming material surface are also considered. Both the tribological as well as the environmental aspects indicate the high potential of solid film lubrication. By means of examples the problem of aqueous dispersion stability of calcium soap systems is dealt with, which is one of the main problems in developing suitable coating systems. After coating, the adhesive and rheological behaviour of the dried solid soap layers on the wire or rod surface enable an excellent hydrodynamic pressure to be built up during the drawing process. When using a double die pressure tool, the pressure development is substantially controlled by the inlet die. In applying the solid soap film lubrication some environmental advantages with respect to soap powder lubrication become obvious. Chemically aggressive substances, such as lubricant carriers and conversion chemicals or acid pickling solutions, can be minimized or even eliminated. Moreover, rinsing water pollution and lubricant dust are reduced.     

The roles of design for manufacturing and adhesives in solving design challenges

Industry embraces adhesives, sealants and chemical threadlockers because:

Information system and model for analyzing blade geometry and solving problems on ensuring quality of aircraft gas-turbine engines

A procedure is presented to improve the technology for producing turbocompressors that makes it possible to increase an aircraft engine’s quality indices by preassembling compressor blades based on the closeness of the geometric characteristics. Preassmbly uses an intelligence system, the essence of which is a model for analyzing and classifying the geometry of a blade’s complicated surface. The paper describes the mathematical model for analyzing and preassembling the blade geometry according to the closeness of the geometric characteristics using clusterization. The model and its software system are tested on a series of profiles of the concave parts of gas-turbine engine compressor blades as a result of measurement with a coordinate-measuring machine.