棉织物的低温皂洗工艺

将自制的马来酸丙烯酸(MA-AA)皂洗剂与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)进行复配,通过分析染色残液吸光度以及防沾色等性能,优化了新型低温皂洗剂(HJP-WH)的制备工艺,即MA-AA、LAS、PVP和AEO-9按2∶0.15∶0.25∶0.3混合。测定了不同皂洗工艺条件下,皂洗后活性染料染色织物的浮色去除率、白布沾色以及干湿摩擦牢度,得到HJP-WH皂洗剂的最佳应用工艺,即HJP-WH 2 g/L,80℃皂洗3 min。复配皂洗剂的皂洗效果与传统皂洗剂相当,而防沾色性能略高一些。     

涤棉一浴免还原清洗皂洗剂的合成与应用

以对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠、乙二醇为主要原料合成一浴皂洗剂PCW,将其应用于涤棉织物染色后的皂洗工艺,实现涤棉一浴免还原清洗染色工艺。通过与非离子表面活性剂和PVP复配进一步提升皂洗剂PCW的性能。研究表明,其耐皂洗色牢度可达到或者超过常规二浴二步法染色工艺。     

无泡防沾色皂洗剂JP

采用PVP、茶皂素、高分子树脂为原料,复配制备活性染料皂洗剂JP。通过正交实验确定了最佳的原料配比,即m(PVP)∶m(茶皂素)∶m(高分子)=1∶1.5∶1。研究了不同皂洗条件下的染色牢度,结果表明,皂洗剂4 g/L、皂洗温度90℃、皂洗时间25 min时,皂洗剂表现出良好的脱色率和防沾色性能。将皂洗剂JP与常规皂洗剂和市售皂洗剂CP-5进行比较,具有较优的耐皂洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度。     

PVP系防沾色剂的复配与应用

研究聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)与其他表面活性剂复配体系的防沾色性能,探讨其用于防沾色洗涤剂和活性染料染色皂洗剂中的应用性能,测试了皂洗后标准白布的K/S值和沾色等级,结果表明PVP、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)与净洗剂的复合体系的皂洗效果良好。     

PVP在印染加工用洗涤剂中的应用研究

将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)与其他表面活性剂和有机添加剂复配,探讨了其用于防沾色洗涤剂和活性染料染色皂洗剂中的应用性能.实验结果表明,添加PVP配制的防沾色剂对防止印花织物白地沾污具有一定的效果;PVP能有效去除活性染料染色后的浮色染料,提高活性染料染色后的皂洗效果.     

酸性染料染色用高分子防沾色皂洗剂的性能研究

以表面活性剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、马来酸-丙烯酸共聚物等为原料,试验了原料和复配物为酸性染料染色防沾色皂洗剂的性能。实验表明:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮有较好皂洗效果和防沾色效果,复配的皂洗剂体现出优异的去除浮色和防沾色效果,适合作为酸性染料染色织物的防沾色皂洗剂。     

羧化硬脂醇聚氧乙烯醚马来酸双酯在皂洗中的应用

合成了一种新型的阴离子 非离子双子表面活性剂羧化硬脂醇聚氧乙烯醚马来酸双酯（POE 5）,并将其应用于活性染料染色棉织物的皂洗。从K/S值、L*值、耐洗色牢度及摩擦牢度等指标探讨了皂洗温度和POE 5用量对皂洗效果的影响。结果表明：优化的皂洗工艺为皂洗温度60～80 ℃,POE 5 0.5 g/L,皂洗后染色织物的K/S值和各项牢度可达到或超过标准皂洗（皂片2 g/L,温度100 ℃）的效果。     

羧乙基硫代丁二酸的合成及其在皂洗中的应用

介绍了羧乙基硫代丁二酸（CETSA）的制备工艺,研究了在制备过程中,催化剂种类和溶剂种类对CETSA合成的影响,分析了CETSA作为酸性皂洗剂在活性染料染色皂洗中的应用。结果表明,CETSA的最佳制备条件是：α-巯基丙酸、丙烯酸甲酯和马来酸摩尔比3:1:1,采用自制催化剂WEA,以水为溶剂,在回流温度-5 ℃的条件下,反应7 h后可制得收率为70%的CETSA。将CETSA应用于非连续染色织物的皂洗工艺中时,可省去弱酸洗步骤,将酸洗和皂洗两道程序合并一起,节约用水量,提高生产效率;将CETSA应用于梭织布长车连续皂洗工艺中,其可代替传统皂洗剂,降低皂洗工作液pH值,防止染料在碱性皂洗条件下发生的水解现象,提高皂洗后织物的色牢度。     

高分子化合物和表面活性剂作为防沾色皂洗剂的性能研究

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、表面活性剂、聚丙烯酸盐、马来酸酐-丙烯酸共聚物等为原料,试验了原料和复配物作为活性染料染色防沾色皂洗剂的性能.结果表明:具有阳荷性的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与染料具有较大的相互作用,并有较好皂洗效果和防沾色效果.复配的皂洗剂体现出优异的去除浮色和防沾色效果,皂洗后染色织物具有良好的摩擦牢度,适合作为活性染料染色印花织物的防沾色皂洗剂.     

微晶纤维素染色工艺研究

用黑色活性染料对微晶纤维素进行染色，考察染液的pH值、盐（硫酸钠、碳酸钠）加入量、皂洗剂用量、皂洗时间对微晶纤维素上染率的影响，得到了较佳的染色工艺条件。     

连续蒸煮器内洗涤结合器外扩散洗涤的应用

连续蒸煮器内洗涤结合器外扩散洗涤，具有洗涤时间长、洗涤效率高、提取黑液浓度高、浆层厚度均匀、浆层结构组织和浓度一致等特点，运行可靠，易于自动化控制，实现了洗涤用水的封闭循环。     

不同漂洗方法对鲢鱼肉保水性及蛋白质含量的影响

漂洗工艺是制作鱼糜制品过程中的一项特殊工艺要求.本试验采用三种漂洗方法,即清水漂洗、盐水漂洗和碱水漂洗,研究不同漂洗条件对鲢鱼pH值、保水性和蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明,不同漂洗方法对鱼肉保水性和蛋白质含量影响均很大,采用二次清水漂洗和一次盐水漂洗,测得的产品保水性较高,而且蛋白质损失也较少.     

自主创新加快了洗浆技术与装备的国产化进程——访安丘汶瑞机械制造有限公司总工程师刘世海

介绍了洗浆系统技术装备的现状、发展特点、发展趋势，以及汶瑞对洗浆设备的改进创新。根据行业发展的需要，洗浆设备的发展方向是大规格、高产量、自动化、高效率，以及高浓洗浆、高效洗浆、低水耗、低能耗、纤维流失低的装备，如置换压榨挤浆技术装备；根据中国的国情，应加快洗浆装备的国产化进程，提高企业自主创新能力和行业竞争力。     

印染厂节能减排实用工艺装备技术(十九)——高效水洗应用案例

高效水洗的要旨是提高扩散系数和洗液浓度梯度,缩短扩散路程.以逐格逆流全沸洗工艺、直辊布铗丝光机的分格逆流水洗技术、针织物印花后平幅水洗工艺和高乐公司的针织物平幅前处理去油工艺为例,对高效水洗的三要旨进行了诠释.     

用于减少漂白系统废水排放的改进型洗浆机

介绍了可同时进行浆料的置换洗涤和稀释抽提洗涤的双网洗涤压榨设备。该设备因全无氯漂白工艺的推广而可能应用。采用此设备可减少漂白系统的废水排放量。     

Efficacy of alkaline washing for the decontamination of orange fruit surfaces inoculated with Escherichia coli

The effectiveness of washing treatments to decontaminate orange fruit surfaces inoculated with Escherichia coli was evaluated. Washing on roller brushes with fruit cleaners or sanitizers followed by potable water rinse reduced E. coli by 1.9 to 3.5 log cycles. Prewetting fruit for 30 s before washing provided no significant benefit in most cases. Additional sanitizing treatments either with chlorine or acid sanitizers did not enhance the results of alkaline washing. In general, high pH washing solutions (pH 11.8) applied with an adequate spray volume effectively reduced the surface contamination of fruit that lowered the microbial load of fresh juice as well.     

Acid Washing and Serial Repitching a Brewing Ale Strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in High Gravity Wort and the Role of Wort Oxygenation Conditions†

Acid washing pitching yeast is an effective method for removing bacterial contamination, but if the yeast is washed incorrectly decreased fermentation performance and beer quality problems may result. Various factors can affect the acid resistance of yeast strains during brewery fermentations. Yeast from shaking flask experiments was more resistant to the combination of high gravity and acid washing conditions than yeast cropped from static fermentations. Yeast harvested from static high gravity wort (20° Plato; 1.083 OG) fermentations was more adversely affected by acid washing than yeast from standard gravity (12° Plato; 1.048 OG) wort. Wort oxygenation resulted in enhanced yeast fermentation performance and healthier yeast crops when yeast was serially repitched into 20° Plato wort. Yeast cropped from fermentations with air saturated high gravity wort responded poorly when acid washed. These results suggest that the structure of the plasma membrane particularly the sterol and fatty acid composition, may have an important role in tolerating high gravity wort and acid washing conditions.     

高速洗浆机的特性及其应用

自行开发和研制的高速洗浆机,采用全封闭式结构,不锈钢外壳,自动化程度高,洗浆效率高,可代替盘式浓缩机和斜螺旋浓缩机用于废纸浆的洗涤和浓缩.     

特种纤维生产线上新式水洗机的设计与研发

为满足不同特种纤维的水洗工艺要求,研发了一款新式高效水洗机,分析探讨了该机层叠式槽体的结构特点。另外,为打破物质浓度平衡,并有效改变水洗液层流状态、提高水洗效果,创新设计出一种浸液辊结构。该新式高效水洗机结构紧凑、外形美观、水洗效果好,市场前景广阔。     

Effect of alternative processes on the yield and physicochemical characterization of protein concentrates from Amaranthus cruentus

Three different processes for the preparation of amaranth protein concentrates (APCs) were investigated with respect to the yield and physicochemical characteristics. The first was the conventional process for isolating protein (standard process), the second included an acid washing step prior to protein extraction (acid washing process) and the third included heating (50 °C) during the alkaline extraction step (thermal process). The protein yields were 17.8 and 25.6% for the acid washing and thermal processes, respectively. The concentrates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, free sulfhydryl groups (SH), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC), solubility in water and in 0.05 mol L⁻¹ NaCl at pH 3.0, 4.5 and 7.0, phenolic compounds content and color parameters. The results indicated that the acid washing process had positive effects on the composition, color parameters, protein solubility and thermal stability of the concentrates. The thermal process also brought about positive effects on the characteristics of the proteins and color parameters although it negatively affected solubility due to the formation of high molar mass aggregates. The conventional process, when compared with the thermal and acid washing processes, adversely affected the properties evaluated.