NiFe2O4/SiO2纳米复合体的制备及其磁性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法将NiFe2O4纳米颗粒分散于SiO2基体中, 制得NiFe2O4/SiO2纳米复合体. 利用XRD, DSC, TEM和VSM对合成的(NiFe2O4)wSiO2(1-w)(5%≤w≤55%)纳米复合体进行了表征. 研究结果显示: w＜15%的纳米复合体均以非晶态存在, 在15%≤w≤50%的范围内, 随着w的增加, NiFe2O4的晶粒尺寸从2.nm增长到25.nm, w进一步增加则会导致材料中NiFe2O4晶粒尺寸减小. 所制备的NiFe2O4/SiO2纳米复合体的饱和磁场强度随晶粒尺寸增加而增加, 变化范围为3.7～11.0.A·m2·kg-1; 矫顽力值最大可以达到2.49×104.A·m-1, 是纯NiFe2O4大块材料矫顽力值的4倍以上.     

Co_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Fe_2O_4纳米纤维的静电纺丝法制备、表征及其磁性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合静电纺丝技术成功制备直径为150~400 nm的Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4铁氧体纳米纤维,并利用TG-DTA、XRD、FTIR、FESEM、TEM和VSM对样品进行表征。结果表明:前驱体纤维经450℃焙烧后可基本形成纯相晶态的目标产物Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4纳米纤维;随着焙烧温度的升高,纤维直径逐渐减小,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,纤维表面粗糙度加强,其微观形貌由多孔结构向项链状结构转变;所制得的Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4纳米纤维的饱和磁化强度由450℃时的35.8 A.m2/kg单调增加到1 000℃时的80.2 A.m2/kg,而矫顽力呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在550℃附近时达到最大值,意味着其单畴临界尺寸约为30 nm,且发现在单畴尺寸范围内,矫顽力与平均晶粒尺寸的0.7次方成正比,与随机各向异性模型所预测的结果基本吻合。此外,低温(77 K)磁测量显示,与室温相比,样品的矫顽力和剩余磁化强度均大幅提高,但饱和磁化强度明显下降。     

快速微波燃烧法制备的Cu-Ni合金纳米粒子结构和磁性能(英文)

采用微波燃烧法制备Cu2+和Ni2+摩尔比分别为3:7,4:6,5:5,6:4和7:3的Cu-Ni合金纳米粒子,采用XRD、HR-SEM、EDX和VSM对所制备的样品进行表征。X射线衍射和能谱分析表明,在样品制备过程中形成了纯合金粉末。样品的平均晶粒尺寸为21.56~33.25 nm。HR-SEM像显示样品具有集群/团簇粒状形态结构。VSM分析结果表明,对于低Ni含量的合金(Cu5Ni5,Cu6Ni4和Cu7Ni3),样品显示顺磁性,而对于较高Ni含量的合金(Cu3Ni7和Cu4Ni6),样品呈现铁磁性。     

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Co1-xNixFe2O4/SiO2 NANOCOMPOSITES

采用溶胶--凝胶法制备了Co_1-xNi_xFe₂O₄/SiO₂(0 ≤x ≤1.0)纳米复合材料. 利用XRD, TEM, 振动样品磁强计(VSM)和Mossbauer谱测试了900℃热处理样
品的结构、晶粒尺寸和磁性. 结果表明, 样品中Co_1-xNi_xFe₂O₄铁氧体的平均晶粒尺寸在15---20 nm之间, Ni²⁺的掺杂引起CoFe₂O₄晶胞体积减小. VSM结果表明, 随Ni²⁺含量的增加, 样品的比饱和磁化强度和矫顽力变小. Mossbauer谱表明, 室温下各样品均处于磁有序状态, 样品的内磁场随Ni²⁺含量的增加而变小.     

Ni含量对粗晶WC-Co-Ni硬质合金组织和性能的影响

以WC-10%(Co+Ni)硬质合金为研究对象,在相同含量的Co+Ni粘结相中采用不同的钴镍比来研究Ni含量对WC-Co-Ni硬质合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明随Co+Ni粘结相中的镍含量的增加,合金中显微组织结构中的粘结相的分布均匀性变差;WC晶粒的尺寸和圆度增大。合金的强度性能结果表明WC-(Co+Ni)硬质合金在粘结相质量分数为60%Co-40%Ni时抗弯强度出现最大值;随Ni含量的增加,WC-(Co+Ni)硬质合金的硬度值相差不大,但呈下降趋势;合金的密度几乎没有变化;合金的钴磁降低,磁力呈现先增后降。     

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在140~180℃利用水热合成法制备了Co Fe2O4纳米颗粒。使用X射线衍射仪和振动磁强计检测Co Fe2O4纳米颗粒。结果表明:随着合成温度的升高,该颗粒的矫顽力先增大后减小,在160℃时出现峰值,晶粒尺寸和饱和磁化强度则持续增加。对上述Co Fe2O4纳米颗粒进行磁分离处理,结果表明:该颗粒的晶粒尺寸和矫顽力都有一定程度的提高,其中原产物晶粒尺寸越小,晶粒尺寸和矫顽力提高的效果越明显。说明磁分离可以去除样品中的超顺磁颗粒,减小样品的晶粒尺寸分布,提高样品的矫顽力。     

机械合金化制备Al_(65)Fe_(25)Ni_(10)纳米合金粉的磁性研究

用机械合金化法制备A165Fe25Ni10纳米合金粉末.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了其结构和磁性随球磨时间的演变.结果表明:在球磨初期,粉末晶粒尺寸急剧减小,内应变迅速增大:球磨50 h后晶粒尺寸、内应变基本保持稳定.矫顽力(Hc)随球磨时间的增加先增大,球磨50 h后急剧减小.在晶粒尺寸较小时,矫顽力与晶粒尺寸的六次方成正比;晶粒尺寸较大时,矫顽力与晶粒尺寸成反比.     

Co~(2+)取代Ni~(2+)对MgNiCuZn铁氧体纳米微粒磁学性能的影响

通过化学共沉淀法制备了纳米级的Mg0.05CoxNi0.35-xCu0.2Zn0.4Fe2O4铁氧体超细粉末,采用X射线衍射仪和振动样品磁强计分析研究了Co2+取代Ni2+对铁氧体结构和饱和磁化强度的影响。结果表明,试样的晶格参数a和平均粒径Dx随Co2+取代量的增加而增大;饱和磁化强度Ms随Co2+取代量的增加单调增大。     

Ni50Mn43Sn7磁性形状记忆合金的机械合金化及其磁性能（英文）

利用机械合金化法制备Ni50Mn43Sn7磁性形状记忆合金粉末。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及振动样品磁强计(VSM)等分析手段研究了机械合金粉末的微观结构和磁性随球磨时间的变化。结果表明:在球磨过程中,依次形成一些Mn1.77Sn,MnSn2,Ni3Sn4,Ni3Sn2和Ni4Sn等中间相,随着球磨时间的增加,MnSn化合物与NiSn化合物逐渐结合而消失,球磨270h后,形成Ni2MnSn,机械合金化完成。在球磨初期,粉末晶粒尺寸急剧减小,球磨90h后晶粒尺寸基本保持稳定,颗粒以絮状团聚结构存在。由于球磨过程中粉末得到细化等原因,饱和磁化强度Ms随球磨时间的增加而减少,矫顽力(Hc)随球磨时间的增加先增大,球磨90h后急剧减小。     

Co添加对17Ni-(10NiO-NiFe_2O_4)金属陶瓷的致密化及力学性能的影响

为了改善17Ni-(10NiO-NiFe2O4)金属陶瓷惰性阳极中金属相的分布,在原料中添加不同含量的Co,以Co-Ni取代纯Ni作为金属相,采用真空烧结方法制备17(x Co-Ni)-(10NiO-NiF e2O4)金属陶瓷,并研究Co添加量对金属陶瓷物相组成、显微组织、致密度及力学性能的影响。结果表明:烧结样品主要由Co-Ni、Ni Fe2O4、Ni O组成,部分Co与陶瓷基体反应生成CoO与Fe2O3。添加适量Co可以改善金属相在陶瓷相的分布和形貌,使团聚孤立的金属相分布均匀,且部分球状金属相变为长条状金属相;同时,添加适量Co还可以促进烧结,提高试样的致密度。适量Co的添加还能降低晶粒尺寸,大幅提高金属陶瓷材料强度与韧性。当Co质量分数为金属相的20%时,金属陶瓷的综合性能最好,致密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性及硬度分别达到96.87%、163.65 MPa、8.38 MPa/m1/2和820.81HV。     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.     

The Quasi-Ternary System Cu2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2

The quasi-ternary system Cu₂Se-Ga₂Se₃-GeSe₂ was investigated using the methods of differential thermal and x-ray analysis. An isothermal section at 770 K and a liquidus surface projection of the phase diagram were constructed. The existence of the quaternary phase CuGaGeSe₄, the boundaries of solid solutions ranges of the system compounds were established.