Ti－15－3钛合金的应用研究

研究了冷加工对Ｔｉ－１５－３合金时效性能的影响，并研究了该合金的冷成形性能及零件制造工艺，为Ｔｉ－１５－３高强钛合金钣金零件的应用提供了经验。     

Improved mechanical properties of Ti–15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al alloy by electron beam welding process plus heat treatments and its microstructure evolution

Electron beam welding (EBW) and related heat treatments were carried out on Ti–15V–3Cr–3Sn–3Al (Ti-15-3) alloy plate materials. It was found that the operated parameters in the present EBW process together with suitable heat treatments significantly enhanced the mechanical properties as well as the elongations of the Ti-15-3 weldment, which may provide a promising way for further industrial application. Furthermore, the observed nano size phase of β, α, and here first reported TiCr₂ particle, may form from the solid solution matrix of the Ti-15-3 alloy. The possible mechanisms for these phase formation are discussed.     

Comparison of microstructural evolution in Ti-Mo-Zr-Fe and Ti-15Mo biocompatible alloys

The microstructural evolution and attendant strengthening mechanisms in two biocompatible alloy systems, the binary Ti-15Mo and the quaternary Ti-13Mo-7Zr-3Fe (TMZF), have been compared and contrasted in this paper. In the homogenized condition, while the Ti-15Mo alloy exhibited a single phase microstructure consisting of large β grains, the TMZF alloy exhibited a microstructure consisting primarily of a β matrix with grain boundary α precipitates and a low volume fraction of intra-granular α precipitates. On ageing the homogenized alloys at 600 ^∘C for 4 h, both alloys exhibited the precipitation of refined scale secondary α precipitates homogeneously in the β matrix. However, while the hardness of the TMZF alloy marginally increased, that of the Ti-15Mo alloy decreased substantially as a result of the ageing treatment. In order to understand this difference in the mechanical properties after ageing, TEM studies have been carried out on both alloys in the homogenized and homogenized plus aged conditions. The results indicate that the ω precipitates dissolve on ageing in case of the Ti-15Mo alloy, consequently leading to a substantial decrease in the hardness. In contrast, the ω precipitates do not dissolve on ageing in the TMZF alloy and the precipitation of the fine scale secondary α leads to increased hardness.     

Electrochemical oxide nanotube formation on the Ti-35Ta-xHf alloys for dental materials

In this study, we investigated the electrochemical oxide nanotube formation on the Ti-35Ta-xHf alloys for dental materials. The Ti-35Ta-xHf alloys contained from 3 wt.% to 15 wt.% Hf were manufactured by arc melting furnace. The nanotube oxide layers were formed on Ti-35Ta-xHf alloy by anodic oxidation method in 1 M H3PO4 electrolytes containing 0.5 wt.% NaF and 0.8 wt.% NaF at room temperature. The surface characteristics of Ti-35Ta-xHf alloy and nanotube morphology were determined by FE-SEM, STEM, and XRD. The nano-porous surface of Ti-35Ta-xHf alloys showed in 0.5 wt% NaF solution and nanotubular surface showed in 0.8 wt% NaF solution, respectively. The highly ordered nanotube layer without regular knots was formed on the Ti-35Ta-15Hf alloy in the 0.5 wt% NaF solution compared to on Ti-35Ta-3Hf and Ti-35Ta-7Hf alloys in 0.8 wt% NaF solution. Also, the nanotube length of Ti-35Ta-xHf alloys increased as Hf content increased.     

Phenomena of nanotube nucleation and growth on new ternary titanium alloys

Ti-30Nb-xZr and Ti-30Ta-xNb alloys have been investigated using various methods of surface nanotube formation. Ternary Ti-30Nb-xZr (x = 3 and 15 wt%) and Ti-30Ta-xNb (x = 3 and 15 wt%) alloys were prepared by using high-purity sponge Ti (Grade 4, G&S Titanium, USA), Ta, Zr and Nb spheres. The two groups of ternary Ti alloys were prepared using a vacuum arc melting furnace. Nanotube formation was carried out with a conventional three-electrode configuration with the Ti alloy specimen, a platinum counterelectrode, and a saturated calomel (SCE) reference electrode. Experiments were performed in 1 M H3PO4 with small additions of NaF (0.1-0.8 wt%), using a potentiostat. Nanotubes formed on the surfaces of the two ternary Ti alloys were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, EDS and XRD. The Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys had microstructure with entirely needle-like constituents; the thickness of the needle-like alpha-phase increased as the Zr content increased. The Ti-30Nb-xZr alloys had equiaxed microstructures of the beta-phase, and increasing amounts of the needle-like alpha phase appeared at the grain boundaries of the beta-phase as the Zr content increased. The nanotubes were nucleated and grew mainly on the beta phase for the Ti-30Ta-3Zr and Ti-30Nb-3Zr alloys, which had nanotubes with uniform shape, but the nanotubes were nucleated at the alpha phase for the Ti-30Ta-15Zr and Ti-30Nb-15Zr alloys, which had nanotubes with irregular shape and diameters of two sizes. The diameter and depth of the nanotubes could be controlled, depending upon the alloy composition and composition of the surface oxide films (TiO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, and ZrO2). It is concluded that this research that selection of the appropriate alloying element can allow significant control of the nanotopography of these Ti alloy surfaces and that it is possible to control the surface nanotube size to promote long-term osseointegration for clinical dental or orthopedic use.     

Ti－15－3合金的性能数据

研究了可冷成形的Ｔｉ－１５－３高强钛合金两种时效制度的全面力学性能，为该合金的扩大应用提供了依据。     

Component Evaporation of Ti-15-3 Melt during ISM Processing

How to control melt composition is the key for getting high quality alloy melt. The paper made the following efforts: (1) The activity coefficients in Ti-15-3 melt have been calculated. (2) Taking advantage of the activity coefficients, the evaporation losses of components in Ti-15-3 melt during ISM process have been studied. The calculated results show that there is a critical vacuum degree (about 1.33 Pa) during melting process.     

Superconducting properties of Ti-Nb-Hf alloys

To achieve improvements in superconducting properties of the Ti-Nb superconductor, effects of ternary additions of Hf have been extensively studied on 42 Ti-Nb-Hf alloys with compositions of 25 - 65at%Nb, 0- 15at%Hf and the balance Ti. Critical temperatures are found to depend upon Hf addition and aging temperature. In as-rolled Ti-40at%Nb-3at%Hf alloy the critical temperature is raised by about 0.3K over Ti- 40at%Nb alloy. Aging at 800°C can raise critical temperatures of high Hf alloys by 0.6 - 1.8K. The upper critical field at 4.2K of as-rolled Ti-40at%Nb-3at%Hf reaches 11.7 tesla, a value higher by 0.4 tesla than that of Ti-40at%Nb. High field critical current densities are also improved by the 3at%Hf addition. 2 step aging treatment is found effective in enhancing critical current densities of high Hf alloys. No degradation in fabricability is caused by a few at% Hf additions.     

Ti－15－3合金管材的试制及组织性能研究

本文介绍了Ｔｉ－１５－３合金管材的加工工艺及工艺性能，研究了热处理条件对其性能的影响，并分析观察了不同状态下的组织特征。实验中还利用Ｘ射线衍射方法对Ｔｉ－１５－３合金管材的织构类型进行了确定。     

Modification of Microstructure for Improved Oxidation Resistance in γ-Based Ti-Al-X Alloys

The effect of microstructural refinement on the oxidation behavior of γ + laves Ti-45Al-15Cr and γ + σ Ti-40Al-27Nb was investigated. A fine, uniform γ + laves microstructure in Ti-45Al-15Cr resulted in protective alumina scale formation over most of the sample surface at 800°C and 1000°C in air. In contrast, the oxidation resistance of this same alloy was severely degraded by a coarse γ + laves microstructure. The oxidation behavior of Ti-40Al-27Nb at 1200°C in air was poor. Refinement of the γ + σ microstructure in this alloy was not effective in improving oxidation resistance. The mechanistic reasons for these effects, and the implications for improved oxidation resistance through microstructural refinement are discussed.     

钛酸钾生物薄膜/钛合金生物复合材料的制备及其体外生物相容性

用仿生化学方法制备钛酸钾生物薄膜/Ti-15Mo-3Nb生物复合材料,然后通过模拟体液培养试验、动态凝血试验及体外细胞培养试验对Ti-15Mo-3Nb和钛酸钾生物薄膜/Ti-15Mo-3Nb生物复合材料的体外生物相容性进行研究,以验证钛酸钾作为一种新型的生物活性涂层材料的可行性.对比试验的结果表明:(1)在模拟体液培养实验中,Ti-15Mo-3Nb表面未见钙磷沉积,表现为生物惰性,而呈多孔网状结构的钛酸钾生物薄膜具有很强的钙磷吸附能力,表现出很好的生物活性;(2)以动态凝血时间为指标,钛酸钾生物薄膜＞Ti-15Mo-3Nb,表现出良好的血液相容性;(3)细胞培养实验表明,二者均具有良好的细胞相容性,但在细胞培养初期钛酸钾生物薄膜具有更好的细胞附壁生长趋势,这将有利于损伤部位的早期愈合.钛酸钾生物薄膜/Ti-15Mo-3Nb生物复合材料表现出更好的生物相容性和生物活性.     

Microtwin formation in the α phase of duplex titanium alloys affected by strain rate

The effect of tensile strain rate on deformation microstructure was investigated in Ti-6-4 (Ti-6Al-4V) and SP700 (Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe) of the duplex titanium alloys. Below a strain rate of 10⁻² s⁻¹, Ti-6-4 alloy had a higher ultimate tensile strength than SP700 alloy. However, the yield strength of SP700 was consistently greater than Ti-6-4 at different strain rates. The ductility of SP700 alloy associated with twin formation (especially at the slow strain rate of 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹), always exceeded that of Ti-6-4 alloy at different strain rates. It is caused by a large quantity of deformation twins took place in the α phase of SP700 due to the lower stacking fault energy by the β stabilizer of molybdenum alloying. In addition, the local deformation more was imposed on the α grains from the surrounding β-rich grains by redistributing strain as the strain rate decreased in SP700 duplex alloy.     

Ti－15－3钛合金的成分控制及性能研究

研究了铝和氧对Ｔｉ－１５－３钛合金的力学性能和冷成形性能的影响，提出了该合金的成分控制范围，为该合金的工业化稳定生产提供了依据。针对我国的国情，提出了与３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ结构钢等强度的时效制度，并研究了相应的力学性能。     

Key Problems of Cold Power Spinning of Ti-15-3 Alloy

［1］Stan R Seagle: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1996, 1, A213. ［2］R.R.Boyer: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1996, 103, A213. ［3］B.M.Rabech: JOM, 1994, 14, 6. ［4］R.P. Singhal: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1990, 29,23.     

神经网络预测搅拌摩擦加工TC4超塑性行为

目的 研究搅拌摩擦加工工艺改性的Ti–6Al–4V双相钛合金的超塑性变形行为。方法 对360 r/min、30 mm/min工艺条件下搅拌摩擦加工处理的TC4钛合金在不同的变形条件下进行超塑性拉伸实验,在实验数据的基础上构建以变形温度、应变速率和晶粒尺寸为输入参数且以峰值应力为输出参数的3–16–1结构的BP人工神经网络模型。应用所构建的BP人工神经网络模型对不同变形条件的Ti–6Al–4V钛合金的超塑性行为进行预测。结果 BP人工神经网络预测的精准度较高,实验应力值与预测应力值吻合度较高,相关系数R=0.991 3,相对误差为1.91%~12.48%,平均相对误差为5.92%。结论 该模型预测的准确性较高,能够客观真实地描述Ti–6Al–4V合金的超塑性变形行为。     

Fabrication and biocompatibility in vitro of potassium titanate biological thin film/titanium alloy biological composite

A potassium titanate biological thin film/titanium alloy biological composite was fabricated by way of bionic chemistry. The biocompatibility in vitro of Ti-15Mo-3Nb and the potassium titanate biological thin film/titanium alloy was studied using simulated body fluid cultivation, kinetic clotting of blood and osteoblast cell cultivation experiments in vitro. By comparing the biological properties of both materials, the following conclusions can be obtained: (1) The deposition of a calcium phosphate layer was not found on the surface of Ti-15Mo-3Nb, so it was bioinert. Because the network of potassium titanate biological thin film could induce the deposition of a calcium phosphate layer, this showed that it had excellent bioactivity. (2) According to the values of kinetic clotting, the blood coagulation time of the potassium titanate biological thin film was more than that of Ti-15Mo-3Nb. It was obvious that the potassium titanate biological thin film possessed good hemocompatibility. (3) The cell compatibility of both materials was very good. However, the growth trend and multiplication of osteoblast cells on the surface of potassium titanate biological thin film was better, which made for the concrescence of wounds during the earlier period. As a result, the potassium titanate biological thin film/titanium alloy showed better biocompatibility and bioactivity.     

Effects of molybdenum content on the structure and mechanical properties of as-cast Ti-10Zr-based alloys for biomedical applications

The effects of molybdenum on the structure and mechanical properties of a Ti-10Zr-based system were studied with an emphasis on improving the strength/modulus ratio. Commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) was used as a control. As-cast Ti-10Zr and a series of Ti-10Zr-xMo (x = 1, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20 wt.%) alloys prepared using a commercial arc-melting vacuum pressure casting system were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis was conducted with a diffractometer. Three-point bending tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of all specimens. The experimental results indicated that these alloys had different structures and mechanical properties when various amounts of Mo were added. The as-cast Ti-10Zr has a hexagonal α′ phase, and when 1 wt.% Mo was introduced into the Ti-10Zr alloy, the structure remained essentially unchanged. However, with 3 or 5 wt.%, the martensitic α″ structure was found. When increased to 7.5 wt.% or greater, retention of the metastable β phase began. The ω phase was observed only in the Ti-10Zr-7.5Mo alloy. Among all Ti-10Zr-xMo alloys, the α″-phase Ti-10Zr-5Mo alloy had the lowest elastic modulus. It is noteworthy that all the Ti-10Zr and Ti-10Zr-xMo alloys had good ductility. In addition, the Ti-10Zr-5Mo and Ti-10Zr-12.5Mo alloys exhibited higher bending strength/modulus ratios at 20.1 and 20.4, respectively. Furthermore, the elastically recoverable angles of these two alloys (26.4° and 24.6°, respectively) were much greater than those of c.p. Ti (2.7°). Given the importance of these properties for implant materials, the low modulus, excellent elastic recovery capability and high strength/modulus ratio of α″ phase Ti-10Zr-5Mo and β phase Ti-10Zr-12.5Mo alloys appear to make them promising candidates.     

SiC纤维增强Ti基复合材料的组织

采用真空热压扩散结合工艺制备出ＳｉＣｆ／Ｔｉ－１５－３复合板材，研究制备工艺，ＳｉＣｆ，基体合金特性，复合材料的显微组织及界面特征，结果表明，合适条件下国产射频加热ＣＶＤ法制备的ＳｉＣｆ与Ｔｉ－１５－３基体具有较好的相容性，界面结合良好，在拉伸条件下ＳｉＣｆ有从基体拔出的倾向，纤维具有脆性解理断口特 ，Ｔｉ－１５－３基体具有塑性断口特征。     

Nanotubular surface and morphology of Ti-binary and Ti-ternary alloys for biocompatibility

The nanotubular surface of Ti-binary and Ti-ternary alloys for biomaterials has been investigated using various methods of surface characterization. Binary Ti-xNb (x = 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.%) and ternary Ti-30Ta-xNb (x = 3, 7 and 15 wt.%) alloys were prepared by using the high-purity sponges; Ti, Ta and Zr spheres. The nanotube on the alloy surface was formed in 1.0 M H₃PO₄ with small additions of NaF (0.5 and 0.8 wt.%), using a potentiostat. For cell proliferation, an MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblast was used. The surface characteristics were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Binary Ti-xZr alloys had a lamellar and a needle-like structure, whereas, ternary Ti-30Ta-xZr alloys had equiaxed grains with a lamellar martensitic α′ structure. The thickness of the needle-like laths of the α-phase increased as the Zr content increased. The nanotubes formed on the α phase and β phase showed a different size and shape appearance with Zr content. As the Zr content increased from 3 to 40 wt.%, the diameter of the nanotubes in Ti-xZr and Ti-30Ta-xZr alloy decreased from 200 nm to 50 nm. The nanotubular Ti-30Ta-15Zr alloy surface with a diameter of 50 nm provided a good osseointegration; cell proliferation, migration and differentiation.     

Nanotubular oxide surface and layer formed on the Ti-35Ta-xZr alloys for biomaterials

Titanium and its alloys are widely used as a dental implant material in clinical dentistry and as an orthopedic implant materials due to their good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. In this study, nanotubular oxide surface and layer formed on the Ti-35Ta-xZr alloys for biomaterials have been investigated by using electrochemical methods. Ti-35Ta-xZr alloys were prepared by arc melting and heat treated for 24 hr at 1000 degrees C in argon atmosphere, and then water quenching. Ti oxide nanotubes were formed on the Ti-35Ta-xZr alloys by anodizing in H3PO4 containing 0.8 wt% NaF solution at 25 degrees C. Anodization was carried out using a scanning potentiostat. Microstructures of the alloys and nanotube surface were examined by FE-SEM, EDX, and XRD. Crystallization treatment of nanotube surface was carried out for 3 hr at 450 degrees C. Microstructures of the Ti-35Ta-xZr alloys were changed from beta phase to alpha' phase, and changed from an equiaxed to a needle-like structure with increasing Zr content. Nanotubular oxide surface and layers consisting of highly ordered nanotubes with a wide range of diameters (approximately 150-200 nm) and lengths (approximately 4-10 microm) can be formed on alloys in the Ti-35Ta-xZr alloys with Zr content. As the Zr content increased from 3% to 15%, length of step between the bamboo knob-like had increasing values of approximately 50 nm, 80 nm, and 140 nm, respectively. The nanotubes formed on the Ti-35Ta-xZr alloy surface were amorphous structure before heat treatment, but oxide surface had mainly an anatase structure by heat treatment.