洗油馏分及其初步分离工艺

洗油馏分是煤焦油在蒸馏过程中切取的馏程为230~300℃的馏分段,含量一般在煤焦油的6.5%~10%之间。洗油馏分主要应用于洗涤、吸收焦炉煤气中的各种有机气体,以及从中分离提取氧芴、萘、喹啉、α-甲基萘、联苯等基本有机化工原料产品。介绍了洗油馏分的用途,以及洗油馏分初步分离的意义和工艺。提出洗油馏分进行分离精制处理后,不仅可以得到丰富多样的具有高附加值的化工产品,而且还能得到吸收效果好的苯族烃吸收剂中质洗油,故对洗油馏分的初步分离工艺具有十分重要的意义。     

煤焦油洗油中苊的分离提纯研究

在通过精馏和重结晶从洗油中提取苊的研究基础上,提出了分离精制苊的精馏—共沸精馏—重结晶工艺。结果表明:在改进后的工艺路线中,通过共沸精馏对精馏收集到的苊馏分进一步富集,克服了因精馏获得苊馏分中苊含量低而多次重结晶造成苊回收率偏低的问题,提高了苊的回收率,且得到的苊纯度高达99.6%。     

洗油精细加工现状与绿色分离过程开发

煤焦油洗油中分离产物在农药、医药、染料、加工助剂及工程塑料等领域有着广泛的应用。目前分离洗油中α-甲基萘、β-甲基萘、喹啉、联苯、吲哚、苊及芴等普遍采用精馏重结晶方法,该方法耗能大、污染大,因此研究探讨洗油加工中的绿色分离过程是十分有必要的。绿色分离过程的主要绿色分离方法有反应精馏、绿色溶剂流体萃取及膜过程。开发绿色分离工艺对于洗油深加工方面具有一定的科研价值和工业前景。     

洗油中芴的分离和精制研究进展

综述了从高温煤焦油洗油馏分中分离芴的研究现状,较为系统地总结了根据不同原理分离芴的主要方法,包括利用芴的反应活性将芴生成不同的化合物与洗油馏分中其他组分分离的化学法、利用洗油馏分中芴和其他组分的熔点、沸点和溶解度差异分离的物理法以及将单一分离方法复合起来的复合法,其中化学法主要是将芴生成9-芴甲醇或9-芴酮,再利用溶解度差异与其他组分分离,物理法主要有精馏法、结晶法(熔融结晶法、溶剂结晶法)、萃取法(传统溶剂萃取、超临界萃取),复合法主要是将精馏法与结晶法结合在一起形成的精馏-结晶法。为探究一种较为温和的从煤焦油洗油中分离芴提供一些思路和方法,为提高洗油中分离芴的效率和纯度,探索一种行之有效的工业方法提供一定的参考。     

从洗油中分离喹啉的新方法

以洗油为原料,通过精馏-共沸精馏法,研究了喹啉的分离精制。首先精馏洗油,切取不同温度段的馏分,然后分别与共沸剂乙二醇进行共沸精馏试验;在共沸精馏中,通过改变馏分与共沸剂的质量比和回流比,考察了不同条件对喹啉纯度的影响。结果表明:①精馏洗油切取喹啉馏分的较佳条件为:回流比为10∶1,切取温度范围为220~230℃;②共沸精馏的较佳条件为:回流比为10∶1,喹啉馏分与共沸剂的质量比为1∶2.4,切取温度范围为188.4~188.8℃,喹啉的纯度可达98.5%。该方法具有操作简单、步骤少、纯度高、无污染的特点。     

煤焦油洗油组分提取及其在精细化工中的应用

煤焦油洗油馏分中富含喹啉、α-甲基萘、β-甲基萘、联苯、吲哚、苊、芴等宝贵的基本有机化工原料,介绍了这些组分的分离提取及其在精细化工中的应用,煤焦油的深加工对资源综合利用及精细化工的发展具有重要意义。     

煤精制软沥青炭化馏出物的组成鉴定与分离

采用毛细管气相色谱/质谱/色谱保留指数联合解析技术,研究了煤焦油精制软沥青炭化馏出物的化学组成,从中鉴别出110种化合物;采用精馏法对煤焦油精制软沥青炭化馏出物进行分离,轻油(小于170℃)、酚油(170～210℃)、萘油(210～230℃)、洗油(230～300℃)、蒽油(300～360℃).为煤焦油精制软沥青炭化馏出物的集中加工和新产品开发提供了重要实验依据.     

高温煤焦油洗油馏分的新加工方案探讨

介绍了高温煤焦油洗油馏分中多环芳烃产品在多领域的应用前景,对现有的分馏+洗涤+结晶加工工艺中存在的问题进行了分析。为实现高温煤焦油洗油馏分的高效、清洁加工,提出了一种高温煤焦油洗油馏分的新加工方案:将洗油馏分切割为不同的馏分组,在不同的加氢催化剂和操作条件下,分别对中馏分油、重馏分油进行加氢,以获得优质多环芳烃产品和多环烷烃产品。     

煤焦油深加工技术研究进展

综述了煤焦油组成、性质和近年来国内外煤焦油深加工发展情况。介绍了煤焦油中回收的洗油经过减压蒸馏切取不同温度段的馏分和脱酚洗涤,然后经过进一步的蒸馏、结晶、萃取,可以得到质量好、回收率高、工业上应用广泛的多种煤焦油化工产品,如萘、酚类化合物、吡啶盐基。研究了芴、吲哚、联苯等一些具有重要应用的煤焦油化工产品分离及精制方法。高、中、低温煤焦油催化加氢制取燃料油技术是煤焦油深加工新技术,该技术能够解决焦炉煤气放空燃烧污染环境的问题。     

气相色谱法测定吲哚含量

吲哚是以洗油为原料经过精馏得到的一种高纯度产品。高温煤焦油中洗油馏分约占4．5％～6．5％，所含主要中性组分有甲基萘、吲哚、联苯、二甲基萘等。在医药、农业、印染、香料工业中应用很广。吲哚作为合成香料及植物生长激素的重要原料，前景很好。我厂精制车间扩能改造后，将生产吲哚这个新产品，但我厂还未建立此产品的分析标准。不能够及时为生产提供指导和产品质量的检测。因此，我们对气相色谱分析吲哚产品的方法进行了研究。     

从洗油中分离和精制苊的新工艺研究

采用精馏和重结晶相结合的方法,研究了从洗油中分离和精制苊的新工艺.结果表明,单纯使用多次精馏的方法很难制得高纯度的苊,而通过精馏与重结晶相结合的方法可制得高纯度的苊;提出了从洗油中提取苊的精馏-重结晶工艺,该工艺具有能耗低、纯度高、收率高、工艺简单、溶剂可多次循环套用、无环境污染和成本低等优点.     

联苯资源的开发

在分析宝山钢铁股份有限公司化工分公司联苯资源的基础上,研究了以Litol苯加氢装置苯塔塔底液SC-203及洗油加工的中间产物WOR-1为原料,进行分离提取联苯的工艺路线。以SC-203为原料,采用常、减压蒸馏和重结晶的工艺,可以获得纯度大于99.11%的联苯,收率68.3%;以WOR-1为原料,采用精馏、二次结晶的工艺,可以获得纯度为99.36%的联苯,收率47.7%。该厂联苯资源得到有效回收利用,扩大了联苯原料资源的来源。     

Gas separation using the membrane rectification technique

The membrane rectification technique offers a multitude of possibilities for adapting the technique to special separating processes. It was confirmed experimentally that the membrane rectification technique with dephlegmation operates more efficiently than a simple enriching column, at least in the region investigated. Furthermore, industrial processing measures for improving the separation efficiency in the stripping column section of a membrane reactification plant were discussed. The use of stripping gas for this purpose was shown to be very effective. An investigation of the influence of backmixing on the separation efficiency of membrane rectification plants showed that in particular in the stripping section it can cause the separation efficiency to be reduced by up to 50%. However, by ensuring that the gas velocity is maintained above a certain minimum value it is possible to completely suppress the backmixing phenomenon in counter-flow permeators.     

含萘量较低煤焦油中萘的分离与提纯

报道了一种从含萘量较低的煤焦油中分离、提纯萘的有效方法。先用乙醇对煤焦油进行萃取,然后对萃出液减压蒸馏,得到含萘量较高的固液混合物,经过滤抽干得到粗萘。建立了水蒸汽蒸馏提纯粗萘的方法,所得的精萘经气相色谱检测其纯度可达99．48％,回收率在93％以上。随后与精馏法、溶剂结晶法等提纯方法进行了比较,体现了水蒸汽蒸馏提纯萘的优越性。     

Simulation and assessment of manufacturing ethylene carbonate from ethylene oxide in multiple process routes

Ethylene oxide(EO) is an important raw material for producing ethylene carbonate(EC). However, the traditional method for the separation of EO from mixture gas by water in the refining process is high energy consumption. In this paper, two processes of manufacturing EC from EO mixture gas were studied by process simulation. Two processes for producing EC from EO mixture as raw materials without EO purification, called the OSAC process and the Modified OSAC process, were developed and assessed systematically. Both processes use EC as the absorbent to capture EO, avoiding the separation process of EO from solution. For comparisons, the EC producing process containing EO absorption by water, EO refinement and carbonylation process were also modeled, which was called the ERC process. Three schemes were designed for the EO absorber using EC as absorbent. Compared with the initial absorber scheme,the optimal liquid–vapor ratio is reduced from 1.66 to 1.45(mass). Moreover, the mass distribution analysis for the three processes were carried out in the form of the material chain. It was found that, compared with the ERC process, the energy consumption of the OSAC and the Modified OSAC process is reduced by 56.89% and 30.03%, respectively. This work will provide helpful information for the industrialization of the OSAC process.     

从苯塔残液中提取联苯的研究

利用精馏和溶剂重结晶相结合的方法，从苯加氢装置的苯塔残液中提取联苯，精馏后可获得95％以上的联苯窄馏分，进一步重结晶后可获得99．5％以上联苯。     

Applications of nanotechnology in oil and gas industry: Progress and perspective

Nanotechnology has been successfully implemented in many applications, such as nanoelectronics, nanobiomedicine, and nanodevices. However, this technology has rarely been applied to the oil and gas industry, especially in upstream exploration and production. The oil and gas industry needs to improve oil recovery and exploit unconventional resources. The cost of research and oil production is under immense pressure, and it is becoming more difficult to justify such investment when the crude oil price is weak and depressed. There is a widespread belief that nanotechnology may be exploited to develop novel nanomaterials with enhanced performance to combat these technological barriers. Increasing funding resources from governmental and global oil industry have been allocated to exploration, drilling, production, refining, and wastewater treatment. For example, nanosensors allow for precise measurement of reservoir conditions. Nanofluids prepared using functional nanomaterials may exhibit better performance in oil production processes, and nanocatalysts have improved the efficiency in oil refining and petrochemical processes. Nanomembranes enhance oil, water and gas separation, oil and gas purification, and the removal of impurities from wastewater. Functional nanomaterials can play an important role in the production of smart, reliable, and more durable equipment. In this review paper, we summarize the research progress and prospective applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the oil and gas industry.     

Recovery of flared gas through crude oil stabilization by a multi-staged separation with intermediate feeds: A case study

Since the birth of the oil industry, flaring has been used upstream to depressurize eruptive wells and downstream to burn excess gases in refining and petrochemical plants and also in associated and natural gas treatment plants. Unfortunately, flaring produces a great number of harmful by-products such as dangerous particles, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic and many other compounds just as harmful. The separation of gas and oil phases remains the most important stage in the so-called surface production. Given the high gas oil ratio (GOR) of Algerian crude oil, the separation of this gas is carried out in three or four stages. However, the choice of the optimal number of stages of separation and intermediate values of pressure requires a rigorous computation wherein the use of a simulator is more than necessary to make possible the optimization of the separation process. The present work was performed on a new separation and compression unit in an area where all the associated gas production is being flared despite the new environmental laws. Our approach consists of first simulating the separation process with the most appropriate thermo dynamical model. The intermediate separation pressure values can be determined by empirical correlations such as the method of equal pressure ratio. In our computations we have opted for a graphical method, specifically the method of minimum compression energy, that requires rigorous calculations entailing therefore the use of the Hysis simulator. This treated gas may be valorized as a raw material for the petrochemical industry or compressed and re-injected into the reservoir in order to maintain the rate of oil production. It remains that one important way of valorizing this associated gas is to transform it into liquid through a process known as gas to liquid (GTL) technology.     

橡胶用油的研制

采用溶剂精制工艺处理糠醛抽出油、催化裂化回炼油,用以生产橡胶用油.通过实验证明, KT液溶剂精制工艺能生产出橡胶用油,其副产物抽余油可作为催化裂化原料.该工艺具有较好的经济性.     

新型超临界水中煤气化制氢产物的CO2分离过程

目前CO₂的分离方式主要局限在常压条件下,在高压条件下分离CO₂的研究鲜有报道。本文为了解决这一问题,针对煤在超临界水中气化过程压力高的特点,构建了高压水吸收法分离CO₂系统,建立了高压多组分气液相平衡的能量分析模型和 分析模型;并对CO₂的分离过程进行分析,获得了高压吸收器中压力对各种气体产物摩尔分数和液相中气体吸收率的影响规律;针对高压水吸收法分离CO₂的流程,建立了CO₂分离过程中的能量分析模型和 分析模型,得到了高压吸收器中压力发生变化时,CO₂分离过程的能量效率、 效率以及CO₂分离能耗的变化规律,为超临界水中煤气化制氢新技术中分离器的设计提供了依据。