一种基于统计的H．264差错信道下抗误码方法

结合在差错信道下的视频传输模型，本文分析了在差错信道下传输H．264视频压缩数据存在的编码失真、传输误码失真及扩散失真问题；针对这个问题，讨论了H．264标准中 基于宏块的误码掩盖技术及差错信道下基于全局率失真优化的宏块模式判决算法；并结合H．264 SEI域的反馈机制和概率统计理论，提出了一种简单估算失真的方法。该模式式判决算法较好地改善了抗误码性能。     

基于概率统计理论的全局率失真优化判决策略

介绍了(JVT)ITU-T和VCEG/IEC的MPEG国际视频编码标准组织,最近已经起草的将被称为ITU-T和VCEG/IEC新标准的视频编码H.264。并结合差错信道的视频传输模型,分析了其传输H.264视频压缩数据存在的编码失真、传输误码失真和扩散失真问题,讨论了在H.264标准差错信道下,全局率失真优化判决策略,并结合H.264SEI(SupplementalEnhancementInformation)域的反馈机制和概率统计理论的知识,提出了一种简单估算失真的算法。该模式判决算法较好地改善了抗误码性能。     

FGS编码视频传输的非均匀FEC保护

本文提出了在丢包网络传输过程中,针对FGS分级编码视频流的优先级差异,提供非均匀FEC编码保护,同时考虑采用一致的信源信道联合统计率失真模型作为约束,根据一定的传输信道带宽和平均丢包率,联合优化信源编码码率和非均匀FEC编码码率的分配.该方法应用于丢包网络的视频传输,可以有效地适应网络传输条件的变化,提高信道带宽利用率,增强视频的传输质量.     

面向无线网络的可伸缩视频编码传输策略*

针对现有面向无线网络的可伸缩视频编码(Scalable Video Coding, SVC)传输策略未能充分考虑失真和能耗的问题,提出了一种基于失真和节点能耗最小化的SVC传输策略。该策略在分析SVC的编码失真、传输过程中的丢包失真的基础上,计算了接收端的视频失真总和;通过计算SVC传输系统的功率,对无线网络中的节点能耗进行了分析。然后综合考虑了能耗、传输时间及质量要求,将SVC的传输策略转化为一个优化问题,进而得到最优的SVC编码参数,在获得较优视频质量的前提下实现了SVC的可靠传输。仿真实验结果表明,与目前典型的SVC传输策略相比,该策略不但有效降低了SVC传输过程中的平均失真,而且在相同的能量消耗水平下,获得了更好的视频质量。     

基于自适应遗传算法的SVC非均等错误保护算法

为提高可伸缩视频编码(SVC)在丢包的网络传输环境下的抗误码性能,提出了一种基于自适应遗传算法的SVC非均等错误保护算法。首先针对可伸缩视频编码的网络抽象层单元数据包头的特点,设计了一种新的网络抽象层单元的封装方案。然后将前向纠错编码的校验位在各层的分配转化为多约束条件下的优化问题,再引入惩罚函数将多约束优化问题转化为无约束优化问题,进而采用自适应遗传算法进行求解。仿真实验结果表明,与目前典型的非均等错误保护算法相比,该算法使重建的可伸缩视频编码的峰值信噪比的平均值提高了0.8dB~1.95dB,并有效提高了可伸缩视频编码在接收端的解码速度和重建质量。     

基于自适应遗传算法的SVC非均等错误保护算法

为提高可伸缩视频编码(SVC)在丢包的网络传输环境下的抗误码性能,提出了一种基于自适应遗传算法的SVC非均等错误保护算法。首先针对可伸缩视频编码的网络抽象层单元数据包头的特点,设计了一种新的网络抽象层单元的封装方案。然后将前向纠错编码的校验位在各层的分配转化为多约束条件下的优化问题,再引入惩罚函数将多约束优化问题转化为无约束优化问题,进而采用自适应遗传算法进行求解。仿真实验结果表明,与目前典型的非均等错误保护算法相比,该算法使重建的可伸缩视频编码的峰值信噪比的平均值提高了0.8 dB~1.95 dB,并有效提高了可伸缩视频编码在接收端的解码速度和重建质量。     

基于H.264/SVC的率失真优化算法的改进

在H.264/SVC中误差扩散对视频流质量的影响最大,为了减小误差扩散,对H.264/SVC的空域分层编码和时域分层编码的率失真优化进行了研究,将码率分配和时间级函数的设定与时域分层编码的率失真优化相结合,提出了一种改进算法。对一个序列在不同丢包率下进行测试仿真,测试仿真结果表明,改进后的算法在丢包率和QP相同的情况下,有效地控制了码率的增加,提高了全局的率失真性能。     

H.264/SVC的RTP封装算法及其应用

可伸缩视频编码（Scalable Video Coding,SVC）一般采用实时传输协议（Real-time Transport Protocol,RTP）保证视频数据流的实时传输和质量监测。在分析SVC码流结构和RTP 协议的基础上实现了H.264/SVC视频数据的RTP 封装算法,提出基本层与增强层分离的方法用于模拟可伸缩视频流在模拟测试环境中的传输,提出基于RTP 封装的差错隐藏方法解决质量增强层数据丢失问题。实验结果证明了封装算法的有效性、标准兼容性和可扩展性。     

一种基于RTP封装的可伸缩编码层间差错隐藏方法*

实时传输协议(Real-time Transport Protocol, RTP)用于视频数据流的实时传输和质量监测。本文针对可伸缩编码(Scalable Video Coding, SVC)视频数据经过差错信道后出现质量增强层数据丢失的问题,根据RTP封装报头判断丢失的质量增强层位置,采取丢弃或者拷贝补偿方法实现差错隐藏。实验结果证明了差错隐藏算法的有效性和标准兼容性。     

易错网中视频编码时域误码的优化

诸如移动网络一类的易错信道,其比特差错率相当高,在这样的信道上传输压缩视频信号是一个巨大的挑战。因此,在设计视频编码器时为得到可接受的服务质量,必须考虑信道误码率。讨论了一种有效的在易错网中传输视频信号时,优化时域误码的方法。给出一个率失真优化模式选择算法,该算法考虑了网络差错率和解码器所用的错误隐藏方法。仿真结果表明这一算法改善了视频传输的质量。     

Two-Dimensional Channel Coding Scheme for MCTF-Based Scalable Video Coding

The motion-compensated temporal filtering (MCTF)-based scalable video coding (SVC) provides a full scalability including spatial, temporal and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scalability with fine granularity, each of which may result in different visual effect. This paper addresses a novel approach of two-dimensional unequal error protection (2D UEP) for the scalable video with a combined temporal and quality (SNR) scalability over packet-erasure channel. The bit-stream is divided into scalable subbitstreams based on the structure of MCTF. Each subbitstream is further divided into several quality layers. Unequal quantities of bits are allocated to protect different layers to obtain acceptable quality video with smooth degradation under different transmission error conditions. Experimental results are presented to show the advantage of the proposed 2D UEP scheme over the traditional one-dimensional unequal error protection (1D UEP) scheme. Comparing the proposed method with the 1D UEP scheme on SNR layers, our method gives up to 0.81-dB improvement for some video sequences     

An improved 3D wavelet-based scalable video coding codec for MC-EZBC

With the rapid growth of modern multimedia applications, 3D wavelet-based scalable video coding (SVC) codec has received considerable attention lately because of its high coding performance and flexibility in bitstream scalability. It combines the motion-compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) together with the spatial decomposition to produce an embedded bitstream offering various levels of video quality over the heterogeneous networks. However, in the existing 3D wavelet-based SVC schemes, where the block types for block matching algorithms are limited, weighting matrices for block-wise motion compensation are fixed, and variations in activities of temporal subbands are not considered in the selection of the Lagrange multiplier for mode decision. In this paper, our major contribution is to provide some recent extensions to the well-known scalable subband/wavelet video codec Motion-Compensated Embedded Zero Block Coding (MC-EZBC) using three novel and content adaptive algorithms. Firstly, the enhanced hierarchical variable size block matching (Enhanced HVSBM) algorithm is proposed for the variable block size motion estimation. Then, the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) based adaptive Lagrange multiplier selection model for mode decision is presented. Finally, we introduce the adaptive weighting matrices design for overlapped block motion compensation (OBMC). Experimental results show that all the three proposed algorithms significantly improve the overall coding performance of MC-EZBC. Comparisons with other popular wavelet-based SVC codecs demonstrate the effectiveness of our improved codec in terms of both video quality assessment and computational complexity.     

基于宏块的具有时域和SNR精细可伸缩性的视频编码

提出了一个高效灵活的视频编码方法，称为基于宏块的具有时域和SNR精细可伸缩性的视频编码方法（简称为PFGST视频编码方法），将原有的基于帧的渐进精细可伸缩的视频编码技术扩展为基于宏块的编码技术，即增强层编码中运动补偿和重建时所用的参考信息是基于宏块选择的而不是基于帧、然后将时域可伸缩特性引入到基于宏块的渐进精细可伸缩的视频编码中，从而实现了PFGST编码方案，在时域可伸缩的增强层编码中，根据运动补偿中使用的参考宏块的不同，提出了时域可伸缩增强层宏块编码的两种方法，由于在时域可伸缩的增强层编码中使用高质量的参考宏块不会造成任何误差传播，因此通过选用最佳的参考宏块，PFGST方法的编码效率得到了显著的提高，实验结果显示，同MPEG－4标准中的FGST编码方法相比，基于宏块的PFGST视频编码技术的编码效率提高了2．8dB，并且同样具有FGST的所有特性，即可以根据不同的通道，客户和服务器的需求来分别支持精细的SNR可伸缩特性，时域可伸缩特性和SNR－时域混合可伸缩特性。     

基于率失真优化的可伸缩视频编码码率分配

可伸缩视频编码的主要目标是生成空域、时域、质量可伸缩的视频流,其中如何进行有效的码率分配,以截取特定条件下最优的一段码流,对视频信号的网络传输十分重要。在研究现有JVTSVC中码率分配算法的基础上,提出了通过划分FGSNAL单元建立其近似的率失真特性曲线,从中选择构成凸壳的点作为率失真最优的候选截断点,并以此进行优化的码率分配的方法。在参考软件JSVM上的实现表明,对标准测试集中的序列截取相同需求条件下的码流时,相对于JVTSVC中现有率失真优化的码率分配方法,新方法的解码视频质量均有进一步的提高。     

Concealment of Whole-Picture Loss in Hierarchical B-Picture Scalable Video Coding

H.264/AVC scalable video coding (H.264/AVC SVC), as the scalable extension of H.264/AVC, offers the flexible adaptivity in terms of spatial, temporal and SNR scalabilities for the generated bitstream. However, such compressed video still suffers from the bad playback quality when packet loss occurs over unreliable networks. In this paper, we present an error concealment algorithm to tackle the whole-picture loss problem in H.264/AVC SVC when hierarchical B-picture coding is used to support temporal scalability. In the proposed algorithm, by taking advantage of the temporal relationship among the adjacent video pictures, the motion information of the lost picture is derived simply and efficiently based on the principle of temporal direct mode. Utilizing the derived motion information, the lost picture is concealed by performing motion compensation on the correctly received temporally previous and future video pictures. The experimental results demonstrate that as a post-processing tool, the proposed error concealment algorithm is able to significantly improve both the objective and subjective qualities of the decoded video pictures in the presence of packet losses when compared to the error concealment algorithm used in H.264/AVC SVC reference software. The proposed method can also be applied to H.264/AVC with hierarchical B-picture coding for error concealment.     

Technique for authenticating H.264/SVC and its performance evaluation over wireless mobile networks

In this paper, a bit stream-based authentication scheme for H.264/Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is proposed. The proposed scheme seamlessly integrates cryptographic algorithms and Erasure Correction Codes (ECCs) to SVC video streams such that the authenticated streams are format compliant with the SVC specifications and preserve the three-dimensional scalability (i.e., spatial, quality and temporal) of the original streams. We implement our scheme on a smart phone and study its performance over a realistic bursty packet-lossy wireless mobile network. Our analysis and experimental results show that the scheme achieves very high verification rates with lower communication overhead and much smaller decoding delay compared with the existing solutions.     

Simplified algorithms for rate-distortion optimization in high efficiency video coding

HEVC is the latest coding standard to improve the coding efficiency by a factor of two over the previous H.264/AVC standard at the cost of the increased complexity of computation rate-distortion optimization (RDO) is one of the computationally demanding operations in HEVC and makes it difficult to process the HEVC compression in real time with a reasonable computing power. This paper aims to present various simplified RDO algorithms with the evaluation of their RD performance and computational complexity. The algorithms for the simplified estimation of the sum of squared error (SSE) and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) proposed for H.264/AVC are reviewed and then they are applied to the simplification of HEVC RDO. By modifying the previous algorithm for H.264/AVC, a new simplified RDO algorithm is proposed for modifying the previous algorithm for H.264/AVC to be optimized for the hierarchical coding structure of HEVC. Further simplification is attempted to avoid the transforms operations in RDO. The effectiveness of the existing H.264/AVC algorithms as well as the proposed algorithms targeted for HEVC is evaluated and the trade-off relationship between the RD performance and computational complexity is presented for various simplification algorithms. Experimental results show that reasonable combinations of RDO algorithms reduce the computation by 80–85% at the sacrifice of the BD-BR by 3.46–5.93% for low-delay configuration.     

基于无线信道的SVC数据误码保护方案

提出一种基于无线传输信道的分级视频编码数据误码保护方案。该方案通过综合分析空间增强层数据、时间增强层数据、信噪比增强层数据的相对重要性,按萤要性的不同将各增强层的数据归为3类,对不同级别数据采用不同冗余度的前向纠错保护方式。实验结果证明,该方案可以取得较好的传输效果,与传统的均匀误码保护及非均匀误码保护方案相比,可获得2dB和0．5dB的PSNR增益。     

An efficient FMO-based error-resilient scheme for video surveillance coding

The encoded video bitstreams have to suffer from quality degradation when transmitted over unreliable channels. In this paper, a novel flexible macroblock ordering (FMO)-based error-resilient scheme is proposed to cope with this problem, which is aimed at the video surveillance scenarios. This scheme could not only meet the need of prioritized transmission environment, but also take advantage of FMO’s inherent error-resilient function. A motion region extraction algorithm is first advised and utilized, and each motion region’s error sensitivity is then estimated based on both pictures’ features and transmission condition. According to the error sensitivity value, the optimal FMO encoding mode for each motion region is selected, which enables the error-resilient intensity to be more adaptive. The intra refresh enhancement is introduced at the same time to further improve the error-resilient performance of the proposed FMO structure. To reduce the complexity, most information for calculations is derived from the encoding process. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme performs better than the conventional schemes, and improves the video quality efficiently.