农药类内分泌干扰物检测技术的研究进展

农药类内分泌干扰物对人类健康产生了严重影响,因此对人体农药残留的检测已经成为当前公共卫生的一个热点。阐述了国内外人体及生物样品中农药分析的前处理技术、物理检测技术和生物检测技术。     

常规水处理工艺对内分泌干扰物的去除

介绍了上海杨树浦水厂、宁波水系、天津水司常规水处理工艺净化去除内分泌干扰物及降低内分泌干扰活性的生产规模的测定情况。常规水处理工艺对13种中的11种内分泌干扰物有一定的去除效果，对内分泌干扰活性为阳性的水能转变为阴性，但也有小部分情况出厂水的干扰物浓度高于水源水，水源水内分泌干扰活性为阴性，而出厂水反而为阳性的情况，作者对这一情况进行了分析和探讨。     

欧盟农药内分泌干扰物评价策略简介

2018年6月欧盟颁布了在杀生物剂法规和农药法规背景下的(杀生物剂和农药)内分泌干扰物鉴定指导。该指导内容有7个部分,包括引言、范围、内分泌干扰物鉴定策略、赖以鉴定内分泌干扰物的信息来源、建议、参考文献以及附录。重点介绍了农药内分泌干扰物的鉴定策略以及赖以鉴定内分泌干扰物的信息来源两个内容,对农药生产企业开拓欧盟农药市场,避免盲目申请可能具有内分泌干扰物性质的农药具有指导意义。     

胶束毛细管电泳快速分离八种农药类环境内分泌干扰物

建立了八种农药类环境内分泌干扰物的胶束毛细管电泳快速分离方法。优化出的毛细管电泳分离条件为：缓冲溶液为含50mM十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和5％乙腈的15mM硼砂溶液（pH=8．7）,毛细管有效长度31．5cm,分离电压30kv,在各组分的最大吸收波长下采用二极管阵列检测器检测。各组分在5min内获得完全分离,迁移时间的相对标准偏差在1．1～2．1％之间。     

内分泌干扰物对两栖类动物的危害

环境内分泌干扰物是一些广泛存在于环境中，能干扰正常内分泌功能的天然或人工合成的化合物。两柄类是生态系统中的重要物种，并且对环境毒理评价有着深远意义。文中对两柄类受到环境内分泌干扰物的影响及其效应的机理进行了探讨。     

烷基酚类内分泌干扰物污染现状及去除研究进展

内分泌干扰化学物质是环境科学领域研究的热点之一,已报道的内分泌干扰化学物质达100种左右,烷基酚类物质是一类重要的内分泌干扰物,具有雌性激素效应,广泛地分布于环境当中。笔者重点分析了烷基酚类物质在国内外天然水体,自来水,再生水以及生活污水的污染现状,综述了该类物质的主要去除方法,并探讨了该领域进一步研究重点与方向。     

纳滤膜技术去除水中内分泌干扰物

传统的污水处理工艺对内分泌干扰物（EDCs）的去除效果不稳定,而且不能彻底去除水中EDCs,使之达到产生危害的阈值浓度以下。大部分EDCs是分子量在200,500Da之间的有机物,这些污染物大多数是疏水性分子,纳滤膜对小分子有机物良好的筛分作用和吸附作用,运用纳滤技术去除EDCs是一种切实可行和安全有效的方法。     

水环境中典型内分泌干扰物研究进展

总结了天然水体中典型EDCs对水生生物的生物效应及对人体健康的影响;在地表水环境中的外源与内源污染;根据典型EDCs的来源、进入水体的途径、人类可能的接触方式提出了防治措施。为今后天然水环境中EDCs的控制提供了理论基础,从而减小内分泌干扰物对环境的危害。提出未来研究的方向:EDCs检测物种的研究,加强高原湖泊EDCs污染物的检测,加强EDCs的毒理研究,了解EDCs的代谢产物及其毒性。     

光催化降解烷基酚类内分泌干扰物研究进展

烷基酚类内分泌干扰物(APs)是环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs)的一种,属于持久性有毒化学污染物,因其不易降解、伪持久和生物累积的特性而受到了科学界的广泛关注。传统的废水处理方法无法对其进行有效去除,而光催化氧化技术作为一种新型高级氧化技术,近年来被广泛应用于处理新兴污染物。对最典型的烷基酚类内分泌干扰物(壬基酚和辛基酚)进行了介绍,综述了传统宽带隙光催化剂及其复合材料和新型窄带隙可见光催化剂降解APs的研究进展,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

化学高级氧化去除水中内分泌干扰物研究进展

介绍了内分泌干扰物(EDCs)的性质、来源、检测方法及其危害,现有的化学高级氧化技术对EDCs的去除性能;叙述了O3、UV-H2O2、UV-TiO2以及超声波等技术在降解此类废水中的应用;提出了今后的研究方向,认为今后应集中研究明确各种化学高级氧化去除EDCs的动力学和机理,优化操作条件以减少副产物的生成.     

Adsorption of Endocrine Disruptors and Related Compounds Using Natural Polymer Composite Fibers Formed by Polyion Complexes

Endocrine disruptors are known as chemical compounds that affect living systems. The three investigated polyion complex (PIC) fibers are formed by the interaction of two kinds of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous solution and examined for their adsorptive ability as endocrine disruptor adsorbents. Among nine compounds, seven endocrine disruptors and related compounds are adsorbed onto the PIC fibers. Particularly, benzo[a]pyrene is adsorbed in high amounts. The relationships between the structures of endocrine disruptors and the adsorption‐release behavior are investigated. Biphenyl exhibits mostly a repetitive adsorption‐release behavior.     

SPE-GC/MS法快速检测水体中多组分内分泌干扰物

采用固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱法(SPE-GC/MS)研究了温州8个水体中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、西玛津、莠去津、甲草胺、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、双酚A、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯七种内分泌干扰物的残留。水样用C18柱固相萃取进行富集、3mL10%的甲醇水溶液淋洗、10mL丙酮洗脱;并采用GC-MS法对七种内分泌干扰素进行分析。本实验建立的方法定性定量准确、可靠,适用于水体中多组分内分泌干扰物的快速检测,在所有测定的水样中,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、双酚A、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯是主要残留物,最高残留邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、双酚A、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯分别为0.82、3.16、1.50ng/L。     

常规净水工艺对内分泌干扰物影响的探讨

以水体有机提取物(Organic Extracts,OE)作为水体有机物污染的检测目标,应用重组酵母实验、MCF-7细胞增殖实验、小鼠子宫增重实验及暴露生物标志,从不同终点检测了水样OE的内分泌干扰活性.检测结果显示:慈城水厂及梅林水厂的源水、出厂水及管网水均呈阴性;源水为阳性的江东、北仑及南郊三个水厂,经过水厂常规净水工艺处理后,内分泌干扰活性都减弱了,甚至直接转变成阴性,初步表明水厂常规净水工艺对某些内分泌干扰物质有一定的去除作用.     

The Effects of Nanomaterials as Endocrine Disruptors

In recent years, nanoparticles have been increasingly used in several industrial, consumer and medical applications because of their unique physico-chemical properties. However, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that these properties are also closely associated with detrimental health effects. There is a serious lack of information on the potential nanoparticle hazard to human health, particularly on their possible toxic effects on the endocrine system. This topic is of primary importance since the disruption of endocrine functions is associated with severe adverse effects on human health. Consequently, in order to gather information on the hazardous effects of nanoparticles on endocrine organs, we reviewed the data available in the literature regarding the endocrine effects of in vitro and in vivo exposure to different types of nanoparticles. Our aim was to understand the potential endocrine disrupting risks posed by nanoparticles, to assess their underlying mechanisms of action and identify areas in which further investigation is needed in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the role of nanoparticles as endocrine disruptors. Current data support the notion that different types of nanoparticles are capable of altering the normal and physiological activity of the endocrine system. However, a critical evaluation of these findings suggests the need to interpret these results with caution since information on potential endocrine interactions and the toxicity of nanoparticles is quite limited.     

给水中的浊度问题

文章介绍了水中浊度的来源,水环境中的浊度水平,供水水质与浊度的关系,浊度对人类健康的影响,分析方法,国际上供水水质浊度指标及我国供水水质浊度的现状及降低水浊度的措施。     

环境内分泌干扰物双酚A的降解研究进展

双酚A是一种典型的环境内分泌干扰物,其负面作用随着使用的扩大而日益受到人们的重视。介绍了双酚A的理化性质、应用情况、生物毒性及污染现状,概述了国内外学者对双酚A降解方法与技术（物理法、化学法、生物法等）的研究及影响因素的探讨,并提出了未来研究的主要方向。     

用于定量分析类固醇雌激素内分泌干扰物的样品预处理方法

类固醇雌激素是一类具有较强雌情活力的内分泌干扰物,在ng／L的浓度水平即可干扰生物的内分泌系统。生活污水是水体中的雌情化内分泌干扰物的首要来源,由于类固醇雌激素在水体中的痕量存在,以及污水和环境水体的复杂性,对此类物质的定量分析易于受到基质中复杂成分的干扰,因而其样品预处理过程复杂。分析和比较了目前采用较多的样品预处理方法,可为开展针对此类物质的研究提供依据和借鉴。     

Porous Electrospun PES/PEG Ultrafine Fibers for the Removal of Endocrine Disruptors

In this work, porous polyethersulfone (PES)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) ultrafine fibers were prepared via electrospinning technique, and then were used to removing endocrine disrupters from their aqueous solutions. The surface and the internal structures of PES/PEG ultrafine fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the result showed that they were both porous. The porous electrospun PES/PEG ultrafine fibers can remove endocrine disrupters such as biphenyl A (BPA) and biphenyl (BP) effectively. Compared with pure PES ultrafine fibers, PES/PEG ultrafine fibers showed larger adsorption capacity and faster kinetics of uptaking target species. The hydrophilic properties and the porosity of porous PES/PEG ultrafine fibers can be controlled by adding hydrophilic materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), which can improve the adsorption properties of porous PES/PEG ultrafine fibers significantly. The results showed that porous electrospun PES/PEG ultrafine fibers had the potential to be used in environmental application and water treatment.