非对称Bernoulli-Euler薄壁梁的弯扭耦合振动

通过直接求解均匀Bernoulli-Euler薄壁梁单元自由振动的控制运动微分方程,推导了其精确的动态传递矩阵.采用Bernoulli-Euler弯扭耦合梁理论,假定梁横截面没有任何对称性,考虑了薄壁梁在两个方向的弯曲振动及翘曲刚度的影响.动态传递矩阵可以用于计算非对称薄壁梁及其集合体的精确固有频率和模态形状.针对具体的算例,给出了各种边界条件下固有频率的数值结果并与文献中已有的结果进行了比较,还讨论了翘曲刚度对固有频率和模态形状的影响,结果表明如果忽略翘曲刚度的影响,可能得到毫无意义的结果.     

Formulation of reference surface element and its applications in dynamic analysis of delaminated composite beams

This paper presents a new finite element formulation, referred to as reference surface element (RSE) model, for numerical prediction of dynamic behaviour of delaminated composite beams and plates using the finite element method. The RSE formulation can be readily incorporated into all elements based on the Timoshenko beam theory and the Reissner–Mindlin plate theory taking into account the transverse shear deformations. The ‘free model' and ‘constrained model' for dynamic analysis of delaminated composite beams and/or plates have been unified in this RSE formulation. The RSE formulation has been applied to an existing 2-node Timoshenko beam element taking into account the transverse shear deformations and the bending–extension coupling. Frequencies and vibration mode shapes are determined through solving an eigenvalue problem. Numerical results show that the present RSE model is reliable and practical when used to predict frequencies and mode shapes of delaminated composite beams. The RSE formulation has also been used to investigate the effects of the number, size and interfacial loci of delaminations on frequencies and mode shapes of composite beams.     

弹性边界条件下带有任意分布弹簧质量系统的梁自由振动的解析解

基于正弦展开方法,对弹性边界条件下带有任意分布弹簧质量系统的梁的振动微分方程进行了求解,获得了一种近似解析解.运用该方法分析了带有均匀分布弹簧质量系统的梁的自由振动,模态频率的计算结果与参考文献中的数值结果一致,验证了该文算法的正确性.以此为基础,进一步研究了弹簧质量系统五种不同的分布形式对梁归一化模态频率的影响,结合不带弹簧质量系统的梁的振型图可得：弹簧质量系统分布形式在梁某阶模态振型幅值最大处的分布范围越广、分布密度越大,对该阶模态频率影响越大.     

Free vibration analysis of rotating Timoshenko beams with multiple delaminations

Analytical solutions are developed to study the free vibrations of rotating Timoshenko beams with multiple delaminations. The Timoshenko beam theory and both the ‘free mode’ and ‘constrained mode’ assumptions in delamination vibration are adopted. Parametric studies are performed to study the influences of Timoshenko effect and rotating speed on delamination vibration. Results show that the effect of delamination on both modes 1 and 2 natural frequencies is significantly influenced by Timoshenko effect and the rotating speed. Also, the comparison between ‘free mode’ assumption and ‘constrained assumption’ are conducted. Furthermore, the effect of delamination on mode shapes is also influenced by rotating speed and Timoshenko effect. For both Timoshenko effect and rotating speed, the influences on the second vibration mode shape are more significant.     

考虑剪切变形影响的斜梁桥自振频率的解析方法

斜梁桥振动频率没有显式解,给使用《公路桥涵设计通用规范》方法计算冲击系数带来不便。考虑斜梁桥振动时的弯扭耦合效应,分别采用修正的Timoshenko梁理论建立其弯曲振动的动态刚度矩阵,采用Saint-Venant扭转理论建立其自由扭转振动的动态刚度矩阵,结合斜支承边界条件,导出斜支承坐标系下的动态刚度矩阵,提取弯矩-转角的刚度方程,根据其奇异条件建立关于斜梁桥自振频率的超越方程,采用二分法对超越方程进行求解以得到自振频率。该文分析了一座标准A型单跨斜箱梁桥考虑与不考虑剪切变形影响时的前5阶振动频率随斜交角的变化,比较了正交简支初等梁和正交简支深梁、斜支初等梁和斜支深梁的前5阶频率。结果显示：斜梁桥基频随斜交角的增大而增大、第2阶频率随斜交角的增大而减小;斜梁桥振动频率的计算应采用考虑剪切变形影响的深梁理论。     

用动态刚度法分析旋转变截面梁横向振动特性

通过引入动态刚度法分析旋转变截面梁的振动特性。首先基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论给出旋转变截面梁自由振动方程,然后通过动态刚度法推导该旋转梁的动态刚度矩阵,最后运用MATLAB中的fzero函数求解特征值方程得到旋转梁横向振动的固有频率和模态振型。数值计算结果证明了动态刚度法的精度和有效性,同时分析了轮毂半径、转速以及渐变系数对固有频率的影响。     

基于格林函数的多跨钻柱系统的振动特性分析

随着油气勘探开发向着深层、深水及非常规等复杂领域的不断扩展,钻井面临的井况与约束条件更加苛刻,钻柱的动力学特性更加复杂,失效问题频发。该文应用格林函数理论对多跨旋转钻柱双向耦合动力学特性进行了定量分析和研究。考虑多稳定器及不同约束条件,以钻柱整体为研究对象,基于Euler-Bernoulli梁模型和Hamilton原理建立了具有广义边界约束条件及多稳定器的旋转钻柱双向耦合动力学方程。采用分离变量法、Laplace变换及Laplace逆变换求解所获得的振动微分方程,得到了旋转钻柱系统横向振动的格林函数解以及以格林函数为基础的多跨旋转钻柱系统的闭合形式的模态函数及隐式的频率方程。定量地分析了稳定器位置、弹簧刚度系数与稳定器个数对钻柱系统振动特性的影响。数值结果表明:稳定器位置与固有频率的关系曲线中有相应阶次数目的峰值;随着等效弹簧的刚度系数的增大,系统的固有频率随之增大,但当刚度增加到一定值时,系统的一阶和二阶频率将趋于稳定。研究结果有助于深化对多跨旋转钻柱的动力学特性规律的认识,为提高钻速、减少钻柱失效及钻柱钻井技术的应用提供了新的研究方法和理论依据。     

弹性支撑旋转Timoshenko梁动力学特性

为研究弹性支撑旋转梁动力学特性随转速及弹性支撑参数变化规律,考虑剪切效应、转动惯量和陀螺效应,采用Hamilton原理推导旋转Timoshenko梁动力学方程,应用Chebyshev谱方法获得系统涡动频率与模态振型数值解。结果表明,在高速转动状态下陀螺效应、支撑结构刚度对Timoshenko梁动力学特性有显著影响;各阶固有频率随着转速增加而分成正向涡动频率与反向涡动频率,高阶频率变化幅度更大;涡动频率随支撑结构直线刚度增加而呈阶梯状变化,当直线刚度增加到一定值后系统涡动频率将保持稳定;随着支撑结构转动刚度增加,涡动频率出现一个最小值与最大值,前者低于自由边界条件下频率值,后者高于固定边界条件下频率值。相关结果可用于各类旋转梁机构的设计与优化。     

Winkler地基上修正Timoshenko梁振动分析

利用Bernoulli-Euler梁理论建立的弹性地基梁模型应用广泛,但其在高阶频率及深梁计算中误差较大,利用修正的Timoshenko梁理论建立新的弹性地基梁振动微分方程,由于其在Timoshenko梁的基础上考虑了剪切变形所引起的转动惯量,因而具有更好的精确度。利用ANAYS beam54梁单元进行振动模态的有限元计算,所求结果与理论基本无误差,从而验证了该理论的正确性。基于修正Timoshenko梁振动理论推导出了弹性地基梁双端自由-自由、简支-简支、简支-自由、固支-固支等多种边界条件下的频率超越方程及模态函数。分析了弹性地基梁在不同理论下不同约束条件及不同高跨比情况下的计算结果,从而论证了该理论计算弹性地基梁的适用性。分析了不同弹性地基梁理论下波速、群速度与波数的关系。得到了约束条件和梁长对振动模态及地基刚度对振动频率有重要影响等结论。     

Free vibrations of solid and hollow wedge beams with rectangular or circular cross‐sections and carrying any number of point masses

Since the literature relating to the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the double‐tapered wedge beams carrying multiple point masses is rare, the object of this paper is to present some information in this aspect. First of all, the closed‐form solutions in terms of the Bessel functions for the natural frequencies and normal mode shapes of the ‘bare’ wedge beams (without carrying any point masses) were determined. Next, the partial differential equation of motion for the ‘loading’ wedge beams (carrying any number of point masses) were transformed into the matrix equation by using the expansion theorem and the foregoing natural frequencies and normal mode shapes of the ‘bare’ wedge beam. Finally, the eigenvalue equation associated with the last matrix equation was solved to give the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the ‘loading’ wedge beams. The formulation of this paper is available for the solid and hollow wedge beams with square, rectangular or circular cross sections. In other words, the taper ratio for the width and that for the depth may be equal or unequal. All the numerical results were compared with the existing literature or the conventional finite element method results and good agreement was achieved. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于Green函数法的Timoshenko曲梁强迫振动分析

该文运用Green函数法求解了Timoshenko曲梁在强迫振动下的解析解,通过分析曲梁截面的力学平衡,建立了Timoshenko曲梁的振动方程。依次采用分离变量法和Laplace变换法,对不同边界的Timoshenko曲梁求解出了相应的Green函数。并且通过引入两个特征参数来考虑阻尼对强迫振动的影响。数值计算中,验证了该解析解的有效性,并对其中涉及的各种重要物理参数的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明:通过将半径R设置为无穷大,可以简化为Timoshenko直梁振动模型,在此基础上,将剪切修正因子κ设置为无穷大,可以退化为Prescott直梁振动模型,最后再把转动惯量γ设置为0,可退化为Euler-Bernoulli直梁振动模型。该文给出的数值结果验证了所得解的有效性。     

《薄壁Timoshenko梁弯扭耦合振动的动态有限元法》

通过直接求解单对称均匀薄壁Timoshenko梁单元弯扭耦合振动的运动微分方程,推导了其精确的动态刚度矩阵。在本文研究中考虑了弯扭耦合、翘曲刚度、转动惯量和剪切变形的影响。针对某弯扭耦合的薄壁梁算例,应用本文推导的动态刚度矩阵,采用自动Muller法和结合频率扫描法的二分法求解频率特征方程,计算了该薄壁梁的固有特性,并讨论了翘曲刚度、剪切变形和转动惯量对该弯扭耦合薄壁梁的固有频率和模态形状的影响。数值结果验证了本文方法的精确性和有效性,并指出随着模态阶次的增加,剪切变形、转动惯量和翘曲刚度对薄壁梁的固有特性的影响更加显著。     

Bernoulli-Euler梁横向振动固有频率的轴力影响系数

给出了考虑轴力对于Bernoulli-Euler梁横向振动固有频率影响系数的高精度表达式。与动力刚度法推导等截面梁自由振动分析的动态刚度阵不同,首先获得承受常轴力的Bernoulli-Euler梁横向自由振动微分方程的通解,并通过位移边界条件消去待定常数,得到精确形函数;使用有限元方法,建立了使用精确形函数表达等截面Bernoulli-Euler梁动态刚度阵的微分格式,该微分格式精确刚度阵与动力刚度法得到的刚度阵完全一致。仿照Timoshenko对压弯梁静态挠度表达中取用轴力影响因子的方法,提出了Bernoulli-Euler梁横向振动固有频率的轴力影响系数表达式,结合Wittrick-Williams算法和动态刚度阵证明了当轴力在±0.5倍第1阶欧拉临界力之间变化时,轴力影响系数表达式最大误差不超过2%,且随固有频率阶次的提高,误差越来越小。     

An exact dynamic stiffness matrix for axially loaded double-beam systems

An exact dynamic stiffness method is presented in this paper to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the axially loaded double-beam systems, which consist of two homogeneous and prismatic beams with a distributed spring in parallel between them. The effects of the axial force, shear deformation and rotary inertia are considered, as shown in the theoretical formulation. The dynamic stiffness influence coefficients are formulated from the governing differential equations of the axially loaded double-beam system in free vibration by using the Laplace transform method. An example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, in which ten boundary conditions are investigated and the effect of the axial force on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the double-beam system are further discussed.     

自然弯扭梁的耦合振动特性分析

以自然弯扭梁理论为基础对具有一般横截面形状空间曲梁的耦合振动特性进行了研究。 在该梁的运动控制方程中,位移函数和广义翘曲坐标均被定义在形心轴上,且在分析中包括了转动惯量、横向剪切变形以及和扭转有关的翘曲对振动的影响。通过对数学计算软件MATHEMATICA的精确运用可以得到该梁振型的解析表达式,精确的固有频率则可用搜索的方法来确定。为了证明理论的有效性,对两端固支椭圆截面曲梁的固有频率和振型进行了求解,并把数值计算结果同使用PATRAN梁单元的有限元结果进行了比较。     

Frequency equation and mode shape formulae for composite Timoshenko beams

Exact expressions for the frequency equation and mode shapes of composite Timoshenko beams with cantilever end conditions are derived in explicit analytical form by using symbolic computation. The effect of material coupling between the bending and torsional modes of deformation together with the effects of shear deformation and rotatory inertia is taken into account when formulating the theory (and thus it applies to a composite Timoshenko beam). The governing differential equations for the composite Timoshenko beam in free vibration are solved analytically for bending displacements, bending rotation and torsional rotations. The application of boundary conditions for displacement and forces for cantilever end condition of the beam yields the frequency equation in determinantal form. The determinant is expanded algebraically, and simplified in an explicit form by extensive use of symbolic computation. The expressions for the mode shapes are also derived in explicit form using symbolic computation. The method is demonstrated by an illustrative example of a composite Timoshenko beam for which some published results are available.     

On the dynamic behaviour of the Timoshenko beam finite elements

First, various finite element models of the Timoshenko beam theory for static analysis are reviewed, and a novel derivation of the 4 × 4 stiffness matrix (for the pure bending case) of the superconvergent finite element model for static problems is presented using two alternative approaches: (1) assumed-strain finite element model of the conventional Timoshenko beam theory, and (2) assumed-displacement finite element model of a modified Timoshenko beam theory. Next, dynamic versions of various finite element models are discussed. Numerical results for natural frequencies of simply supported beams are presented to evaluate various Timoshenko beam finite elements. It is found that the reduced integration element predicts the natural frequencies accurately, provided a sufficient number of elements is used. The research reported herein is supported by theOscar S. Wyatt Endowed Chair.     

基于压弯耦合效应下预应力梁的竖向自由振动研究

基于大位移广义变分原理,考虑梁的压弯耦合、剪切应变能和转动惯量的影响,建立了预应力梁的不完全广义势能泛函,通过对位移变分,推导出预应力梁自由振动微分方程。并以预应力混凝土简支梁和悬臂梁为例,通过引入边界条件,求出了自由振动频率的解答。对比Bernoulli-Eular梁和Timoshenko梁,详细分析了轴向荷载、剪切效应和转动惯量对自振频率的影响,研究发现,轴向压力荷载可使梁的自振频率降低,反之增大。剪切变形的影响约为转动惯量的3倍,随着主模态阶数的增加和长细比L/r的减小,轴向荷载、剪切变形和转动惯量的影响非常显著。因此,对于预应力混凝土梁,当跨高比L/h≤8,或长细比L/r≤28时,必须考虑轴向荷载、剪切变形和转动惯量的影响,通过与Bernoulli-Eular梁和Timoshenko梁的精确解相比较,证明该文的解答是正确的。     

Dynamic behavior of cross-ply laminated beams with piezoelectric layers

The dynamic behavior of cross-ply non-symmetric composite beams, having uniform piezoelectric layers is analysed. A first-order Timoshenko type analysis is applied to obtain the equations of motion, which include shear deformation, rotary inertia, bending-stretching coupling terms and induced axial strains caused by the piezoelectric material. Using the principle of virtual work, the coupled equations of motion and the relevant boundary conditions are obtained. For a laminated beam having uniform piezoelectric layers the induced strains appear only in the boundary conditions yielding time dependent ones. Therefore, a special procedure involving orthogonality of the coupled Timoshenko type natural vibrational modes of the beam is applied to help understanding of the dynamic behavior of the non-symmetric laminated beam and to investigate the influence of the induced strains (by the piezoelectric layers) on the dynamic behavior while keeping an ‘open-loop’ control. Typical types of laminates and piezoelectric materials are used to calculate natural frequencies and mode shapes. Numerical results for various parameters of laminated beams are presented to stress the better applicability and suitability of the present approach to the analysis of dynamic behavior of laminated composite beams with piezoelectric layers.     

筒承式钢筋混凝土立筒群仓的自由振动分析

建立了筒承式钢筋混凝立筒群仓自由振动的分析模型,将其简化为n段竖向广义Timoshenko梁的组合体。选取各段梁中性面的挠度和横截面绕中性轴的转角为基本未知函数,利用能量原理,将筒承式钢筋混凝土立筒群仓的自由振动问题,转化为由这些未知函数组成的常微分方程组,然后利用常微分方程求解器(ODE solver)求其数值解,得到自振频率和振型,并将数值解与相应的试验数据进行对比,以验证数值方法的有效性和精确性,从而为筒承式钢筋混凝土立筒群仓的动力特性分析研究了一种新的方法。