锂盐抑制ASR的长期有效性研究

较系统地研究了三种锂盐对沸石化珍珠岩集料砂浆ASR膨胀的影响,证实了锂盐抑制效果的长期有效性,确立了不同碱含量条件下锂盐有效抑制ASR膨胀的Li与Na的摩尔比,并从机理上加以探讨.     

LiOH抑制碱集料反应长期有效性及机理的研究

研究了在20℃长期养护条件下，掺加LiOH对含沸石化珍珠岩集料砂浆碱集料反应膨胀的影响，研究发现：长期养护至18个月，掺加Li和Na的摩尔比n(Li):n(Na）为0.3,0.6的LiOH均能有效抑制碱集料反应膨胀，且n(Li)/n(Na）摩尔比越大，LiOH的抑制效果越好。此外，进行了电感耦合等离子发射光谱（inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectra，简称ICP－AES），SEM，XRD等微观测试，在此基础上，分析了LiOH抑制碱集料反应的作用机理。     

LSX分子筛的合成及吸附性能研究

采用两步水热法合成LSX分子筛,并用XRD、TG-DTA和BET对其进行了表征.考察了当n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)为2时,不同的水碱比与晶化时间对分子筛晶相结构的影响、锂交换对LSX粉体的热稳定性的影响以及不同的混合物组成与晶化时间对H2O和N2吸附性能的影响.结果表明纯LSX粉体对水的变化很敏感,晶化时间过长会导致A型和S型杂晶出现.经锂交换后的LSX粉体热稳定性下降.对于吸附性能,发现静态H2O吸附和N2吸附曲线趋势基本一致.当n(H2O)/n(Na2O+ K2O)为17和n(Na2O)/n(H2O+ K2O)为0.77时,最佳的n(Na2O+ K2O)/n(SiO2)为3.50;当晶化温度为100℃时,最佳的晶化时间为1.5h.     

焙烧锂辉石对碱硅酸反应的抑制效果

以试验室焙烧锂辉石(DS)为原材料,研究了在40℃和80℃养护条件下,单掺DS和双掺DS与粉煤灰(FA)取代部分水泥,对沸石化珍珠岩集料和某高活性集料M成型不同砂浆碱集料反应膨胀的影响.试验表明:碱含量为2.5%时,在40℃和80℃养护条件下,DS掺量10%对沸石化珍珠岩集料砂浆试件ASR有效抑制,90 d龄期时试件膨胀值仍小于0.1%.DS掺量10%对高活性集料M砂浆试件ASR抑制效果不大.养护温度不同膨胀值变化趋势不同.DS掺量固定,随着FA掺量的增加,对2种集料砂浆碱集料反应膨胀抑制效果越好.     

锂化合物对硫铝酸盐水泥性能的影响分析

硫铝酸盐水泥是近年来广受关注的重要低碳水泥品种,在快速修补和防渗堵漏应用中,需要掺入适宜的促凝剂来满足施工要求.研究了两种锂化合物对硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间、强度的影响规律,并采用XRD和SEM手段分析水泥水化产物.结果表明,当掺入两种锂化合物之后,硫铝酸盐水泥的凝结时间有明显的降低,并且Li2 CO3对硫铝酸盐水泥的促凝作用比LiOH·H2 O更为显著;硫铝酸盐水泥的小时强度随着Li2 CO3掺量的增加而明显提高,LiOH·H2 O对水泥小时强度的影响并不明显,两种锂化合物均会降低水泥的后期强度;从水化产物的微观分析来看,硫铝酸盐水泥的水化产物种类并不会因掺加锂化合物而有所改变,Li2 CO3对硫铝酸盐水泥的1 d水化有所促进,而LiOH·H2 O不会对水化产物产生明显影响.     

酸处理红辉沸石-碱-铝酸钠-水的水热反应体系中A型沸石的合成

以酸处理红辉沸石为原料,采用水热反应晶化合成工艺,合成出了质量较高的4A沸石产品,在大量实验基础上,利用X射线衍射分析,扫描电镜观察等系统地研究了反应混合物的钠硅比[n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)]和水钠比[n(H2O)/n(Na2O],以及晶化时间和晶化温度对酸处理红辉沸石－碱－铝酸钠－水的水热反应体系中A型沸石晶化合成的影响,确定了最佳工艺技术参数：硅铝化[n(SiO2)/n(aL2O3)]为2,钠硅比[n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)]为1,1,水钠比[n(H2O)/n(Na2O]45,晶化时间大于6h,晶化温度为100℃。     

Na2O/(2B2O3·Al2O3)摩尔比对陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨具性能的影响

通过调整陶瓷结合剂中n(Na2 O)/n(2B2 O3·Al2 O3),来探究n(Na2 O)/n(2B2 O3·Al2 O3)对陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨具性能的影响.当n(Na2 O)/n(2B2 O3·Al2 O3)=1.2时,磨具试样的强度(69MPa)和硬度(121HRB)达到最大值.随着碱金属氧化物Na2 O添加量...     

基于碱融活化的高岭土水热法制备干燥剂NaP分子筛

研究了含有石英成分的高岭土的活化方法,并采用水热法制备了干燥剂NaP分子筛.研究了碳酸钠对高岭土的活化效果、不同水热反应条件对NaP分子筛吸水率的影响,得到该高岭土的活化条件为:m(高岭土):m(碳酸钠)=1:1、在750℃下煅烧2 h;制备NaP分子筛的优化条件为:n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=4.0、n(Na2 O)/n(SiO2)=1.4、n(H2O)/n(Na2 O)=40、93℃下晶化8 h.     

偏高岭石-碱-硅酸钠水热反应体系13X分子筛的合成

以煤系高岭石为主要原料,经破碎、粉磨、煅烧、水热处理等工艺,在偏高岭石-碱-硅酸钠水热反应体系中合成了13X分子筛.扫描电镜分析表明:产物晶形完整、粒度为1μm左右且分布均匀.用X射线衍射测试方法研究混合物的硅铝的摩尔比[n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)]、钠硅的摩尔比[n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)]、水钠的摩尔比[n(H2O)/n(Na2O)]以及陈化时间对13X分子筛合成的影响.研究表明:该水热反应体系的最佳配比为n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3);高于13X分子筛中自身的n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=2.5.反应适宜的碱度条件为:n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)=1.9,n(H2O)/n(Na2O)=40,碱度过高或过低均会出现P型分子筛杂相.陈化过程在13X分子筛的合成过程中不可缺少,其适宜的陈化时间为24h.该水热反应过程遵循分子筛的液相转化机理.     

油页岩渣制备洗涤助剂4A分子筛的工艺条件和性能研究

以油页岩渣为原料,采用水热合成法制得4A分子筛.重点考察了n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)比、n(H2O)/n(Na2O)比、晶化时间、晶化温度对分子筛Ca2+交换量的影响.适宜的合成条件为:n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)=2.5,n(H2O)/n(Na2O) =50,晶化时间18 h,晶化温度90℃.并用XRD、SEM测试手段对合成的分子筛的晶体结构、表面形貌等进行了表征,结果表明,制备的样品为4A型分子筛结构,属于立方形晶型.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。