铝热焊接技术进展

从铝热焊接工艺研究和应用两方面对这一领域进行了介绍.     

Aluminothermic reduction of metal oxides by concentrated solar irradiation

The aluminothermic reduction (ATR) of metals from oxides has been done since the mid-19th century. A mixture of powdered aluminum and oxides of metals is placed into a crucible and ignited. The process requires a considerable expense of electrical energy. The technology described in this paper substitutes electrical energy with solar energy.     

钢轨铝热焊焊接工艺及其质量控制

目前在线路维修中越来越多地采用铝热焊技术,本文分析了钢轨铝热焊焊接工艺及焊接过程中可能出现的缺陷以及缺陷出现的可能原因,从而便于分析、采取保障措施,更好地保证铝热焊的质量。     

Cleaner Production of Ti Powder by a Two-Stage Aluminothermic Reduction Process

A two-stage aluminothermic reduction process for preparing Ti powder under vacuum conditions using Na₂TiF₆ was investigated. An Al-Ti master alloy and a clean cryolite were simultaneously obtained as co-products. The first-stage reduction was an exothermic process that occurred at approximately 660°C. The Al and O contents of the Ti powder product were 0.18 wt.% and 0.35 wt.%, respectively, with an average particle size <74 μm. Ti(IV), Ti(III), and metallic Ti were present in the Ti-containing cryolite produced by the first-stage reduction, at a total content of approximately 3.13 wt.%. After second-stage reduction, the Ti elemental contents of the clean cryolite were reduced to 0.002 wt.%. The Al-Ti master alloy obtained by second-stage reduction was composed of Al and TiAl₃. The mechanisms involved in these reduction processes were also examined.     

Influence of Carbon Content on Aluminothermic Reduction of Ilmenite During Hot Pressing

JOM - Al2O3-TiCN-Fe composites were successfully prepared by hot pressing using natural ilmenite, aluminum, and carbon. The process of aluminothermic reduction of ilmenite and the influence of...     

铸造高锰钢与U71Mn钢异种钢铝热焊接性探讨

由于高锰钢与高碳钢显著的物理性能差异,使这种异种钢的焊接产生了很大的困难,本文采用铝热焊方法进行焊接,发现在铝热焊条件下,高锰钢热影响区的碳化物析出与液化裂纹的产生都得以有效抑制,同时,高碳轨钢侧熔合区也不产生淬火组织。     

冰晶石熔盐介质中铝热还原月壤模拟样钛铁矿

以月球资源原位利用为目的,研究了在冰晶石熔盐介质中铝热还原钛铁矿制备铝钛铁合金。热力学计算表明,在960℃,铝热还原钛铁矿的相关反应在热力学上可以自发进行。在组成(质量分数,下同)为47.14%NaF-42.86%AlF_3-10%FeTiO_3的960℃冰晶石介质中进行铝热还原,研究还原剂用量和还原时间对合金产物的影响。还原产物用XRF、XRD、SEM和EDS进行分析。结果表明,合金产物中有Al、Ti、Fe和少量Si,产物的主要物相是Al_3Ti。随着铝用量的增加,合金产物中Ti的含量逐渐减少,而Fe的含量逐渐增加;随着反应时间的延长,产物中Al_3Ti的含量增加。在冰晶石熔盐体系中进行铝热还原2 h、还原剂用量为理论用量3倍时,铝中钛含量最高可达18.82%。低还原剂用量和较长还原时间在冰晶石熔盐介质中还原钛铁矿,可实现Ti/Fe分离;还原反应为原子态的铝还原溶解为离子态的Ti~(4+)得到Al-Ti合金。     

铝热法生产钛金属工艺的可行性研究

根据以金红石、铝粉、石灰为原料,利用铝热还原法生产钛合金的工艺启示,对该法生产金属钛和钛合金的工艺进行探析和热力学分析,证明了该方法生产金属钛的可行性.     

铝热还原法合成AlON粉体及其热力学分析

以微米级的Al粉和纳米级Al_2O_3粉为原料, 在N_2气氛下,通过铝热还原法,进行了AlON粉体的合成.实验表明,在1873～1923 K之间,AlON相开始形成,到2023 K时得到纯相AlON粉体.通过拟抛物线规则计算得到AlON的摩尔生成吉布斯能, 进而算得AlON相形成的转变温度为1887 K.热力学分析表明,铝热还原法合成AlON过程中,各物相易受气氛、温度的影响而表现出不同的热力学行为,进而影响合成的纯相AlON的固溶组分.实验结果与理论计算分析相符合.     

Aluminothermic Reduction of K2ZrF6 for Preparation of Al-Zr Master Alloy

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利用铝灰和粉煤灰铝热还原氮化制备镁铝尖晶石-刚玉-Sialon复相材料

以铝灰和粉煤灰为原料,以铝灰中的金属铝为还原剂在1550 ℃,3 h下进行原位铝热还原氮化制备镁铝尖晶石-刚玉-Sialon复合材料.采用XRD分析了不同原料配比对合成产物物相的影响,并对制备的镁铝尖晶石-刚玉-Sialon复相材料进行了显微形貌和性能表征.结果表明,当铝灰过量50%时,制备得到了镁铝尖晶石-刚玉-Sialon复合耐高温材料,其中,尖晶石为富铝尖晶石,含量为45%;刚玉含量为25%,呈板片状;Sialon的含量为26%,其Z值为4,呈柱状形貌.此时其抗折强度最大,为183 MPa,显气孔率最小,为5.3%,体积密度为2.6 g/cm~3,洛氏硬度HRB的值为123.     

铝热还原法合成TiN／刚玉复合陶瓷的研究

以金属铝粉和钛白粉为原料，在流动氮气和匣钵埋碳保护气氛下采用铝热还原氮化法制备了TiN／刚玉复合陶瓷。采用XRD-SEM和TEM等分析手段，研究了铝热还原氮化法制备TiN／刚玉复合陶瓷在不同气氛和温度下的物相组成、晶格常数、显微结构。研究结果表明：在流动氮气和埋碳气氛下铝热还原法均可以制备TiN／刚玉复合陶瓷；处理温度和气氛明显影响着铝热反应的程度及产物的形貌，在埋碳条件下处理后的产物中TiN含量、晶粒大小、晶格常数明显低于流动氮气氛下处理产物中上述各项值。热力学计算发现埋碳条件下铝除参与铝热还原反应外，还与碳粉床中氧发生反应，导致参与铝热反应的金属铝不足，造成产物中有剩余的金红石存在。     

CuO/Al铝热剂体系绝热温度的计算机数值计算与分析研究

根据绝热温度的热力学计算原理,采用TurboC2程序编制出CuO/Al体系绝热温度的数值计算程序。对体系绝热温度进行了数值计算并进行了验证,同时也对添加不同稀释剂Cu粉对绝热温度的影响进行了研究。结果表明,体系预热温度较低时,绝热温度为产物Cu的沸点温度(2843K),标况下约有52.9%的产物Cu为气相,预热温度仅仅提高了产物Cu的蒸发量。     

Mn元素对纳米晶Fe_3Al材料的力学性能的影响

研究了合金元素Mn不同含量对铝热反应熔化法制备的块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料力学性能的影响,结果表明当Mn添加到纳米晶Fe3Al材料中,对其压缩屈服强度和抗弯强度影响显著。加Mn 10%时,纳米晶Fe3Al材料的力学性能得到很大提高,使材料由脆性材料向塑性材料转变,大幅度提高了其压缩屈服强度,而且提高了抗弯屈服强度。含Mn 10 wt%的材料具有最佳的力学性能是由于其具有最小的纳米晶粒尺寸。对含Mn 10 wt%的材料在不同加载速率下进行的压缩性能试验研究表明：材料的压缩屈服强度随加载速率的增大而降低。     

铝热反应制备纳米晶Fe_3Al过程中过冷度对晶粒尺寸的影响

利用C语言计算了铝热反应制备的纳米晶Fe3Al材料均质形核的相关热力学参数和纳米晶材料在不同条件下的平均晶粒尺寸,并通过试验对结果进行验证。结果表明,在形核率一定的情况下,Fe3Al的长大速率随过冷度的增大而增大;Fe3Al的平均晶粒尺寸在过冷度超过330K后均处于纳米级,其随过冷度的增大而逐渐减小,且当达到一定过冷度时,平均晶粒尺寸趋于一致,约37nm,该值与试验测定结果相符合。     

铝热还原法合成TiN/刚玉复合陶瓷的研究

以金属铝粉和钛白粉为原料,在流动氮气和匣钵埋碳保护气氛下采用铝热还原氮化法制备了TiN/刚玉复合陶瓷.采用XRD,SEM和TEM等分析手段,研究了铝热还原氮化法制备TiN/刚玉复合陶瓷在不同气氛和温度下的物相组成、晶格常数、显微结构.研究结果表明:在流动氮气和埋碳气氛下铝热还原法均可以制备TiN/刚玉复合陶瓷;处理温度和气氛明显影响着铝热反应的程度及产物的形貌,在埋碳条件下处理后的产物中TiN含量、晶粒大小、晶格常数明显低于流动氮气氛下处理产物中上述各项值.热力学计算发现埋碳条件下铝除参与铝热还原反应外,还与碳粉床中氧发生反应,导致参与铝热反应的金属铝不足,造成产物中有剩余的金红石存在.     

Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis of Al2O3-TiB2 Coatings by Aluminothermic Reactions

The Al2O3-TiB2 coatings were fabricated on Q235 steel by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS)process using aluminothermic reactions with aluminum,titania,boron oxide and ferric oxide powders.The effect of the content of excessive aluminum in the reactants on Al2O3-TiB2 coatings was studied when only Al-TiO2-B2O3 system was used for preparation of the coatings.The results indicate that the combustion reaction cannot occur when excessive aluminum is over 40wt%and the coating has good quality when excessive aluminum is 20wt%.In order to improve the bonding of the coating and substrate and optimize the ratio of Al2O3/TiB2,composite reaction systems Al-TiO2-B2O3 and Al-Fe2O3 were used for the preparation of Al2O3-TiB2 coatings.The XRD result shows that the coatings contain FeAl intermetallic compound which can improve efficiently the interface bonding of the coating and substrate.The percentage of Al-Fe2O3 system in reactants has only a small effect on the hardness of Al2O3-TiB2 coating,which is about 22000 MPa(Hv),but has an obvious effect on the morphology and interface bonding of the coatings.