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9种植物提取物对植物病原真菌的生物活性筛选 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以苹果腐烂病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、苹果轮纹病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、柑橘炭疽病菌和黄瓜枯萎病菌为供试菌种。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了9种植物乙醇提取物对6种植物病原真菌的抑制作用,结果表明,浓度为5mg/mL时,荆条花乙醇提取物对6种植物病原真菌均有一定程度的抑制作用,其中对苹果腐烂病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、苹果轮纹病菌和黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌率分别为91.07%、72.97%、64.54%和63.20%。采用抑制孢子萌发法测定了9种植物乙醇提取物对2种植物病原真菌的抑制作用,结果表明,浓度为20mg/mL时,雪松叶和仙鹤草叶乙醇提取物对黄瓜枯萎病菌和柑橘炭疽病菌的孢子抑制率为100%。 相似文献
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仙人掌提取物的抑菌作用 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
分别对食用仙人掌(OpuntiaMiloaAlta)和野生仙人掌 (OpuntiadilleniiHaw)提取物进行了抑菌作用、最低抑菌和杀菌条件的研究。实验结果表明:野生仙人掌提取物对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有明显的抑制作用,食用仙人掌提取物的抑菌作用效果不明显。野生仙人掌乙醇提取物 (odh)最小抑菌质量分数分别为:大肠杆菌w(odh) =2. 5%,枯草芽孢杆菌w(odh) =5%;最低杀菌质量分数分别为:大肠杆菌w(odh) =5%,枯草芽孢杆菌w(odh) =10%。此外,正交实验的最佳抑菌条件为:提取物w(odh) =10%,提取剂φ(乙醇) =85%,pH=4 5。 相似文献
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飞龙掌血提取物抑菌作用初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选择蒸馏水、无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯、石油醚4种提取剂,采用冷浸、加热回流两种方法萃取飞龙掌血,比较提取物对枯草杆菌、痢疾杆菌、啤酒酵母菌的抑菌效果。结果表明,冷浸 72 h 和加热回流 5 h 的飞龙掌血提取物对该3种菌的抑菌作用无显著差异,无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯提取物较水提物有显著差异;生药质量浓度为 0.25 g/mL 的乙醇提取物对3种菌都有极显著的抑菌效果,适宜抑菌生药质量浓度为 0.5 g/mL;pH值对该提取物的抑菌效果影响较大,3个菌种适宜抑菌的pH值不同。 相似文献
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几种植物的杀虫活性初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
首次报道黄连(根)和菟丝子(种子)的杀虫活性。用1%浓度的甲醇提取物处理试虫后,所筛选的植物巾菟丝子种子和李叶绣线菊茎的甲醇提取物对家蝇48h的毒杀作用强,分别为100.00%和75.86%,单面针叶和阔叶十大功劳茎叶也有较好的毒杀作用,分别为58.62%和67.86%。黄连根甲醇提取物24h和大叶醉鱼草茎叶甲醇提取物48h对亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫的拒食率分别为76.48%和76.50%,且出现虫体细且短小、头部宽大、与腹部极不对称和化蛹延迟现象,大黄和阔叶十大功劳也表现出一定的毒杀或拒食或抑制生长发育现象。所筛选的特有植物对赤拟谷盗种群的毒杀作用和繁殖抑制作用较低。毒杀作用最强的为大叶醉鱼草茎叶,处理后30d,赤拟谷盗的死亡率为40.16%,繁殖抑制率最强的为黄连根,处理后60d,繁殖抑制率为46.38%。以甲醇冷浸提取法对所采集的植物材料进行冷浸提取时,提取率分布在1.41%~7.06%之间。 相似文献
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K. D. Economou V. Oreopoulou C. D. Thomopoulos 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1991,68(2):109-113
The antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of oregano, dittany, thyme, marjoram, spearmint, lavender and basil were tested
in lard stored at 75°C. The concentration of extracts in lard varied from 0.01 to 0.20%. Oregano extract was found to be the
most effective in stabilizing lard, followed by thyme, dittany, marjoram and lavender extracts, in a decreasing order. The
induction period of lard increased with antioxidant concentration. After the induction period, peroxide formation proceeded
rapidly, following pseudo-zero order reaction kinetics. The rate of the reaction decreased slightly with increasing plant
extract concentration. Combined addition of plant extracts in lard showed a low synergistic action between thyme extract and
spearmint extract. 相似文献
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分别以中草药丁香、山茱萸、地榆和乌梅的提取液为还原剂和保护剂合成银纳米颗粒,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、透射电镜(TEM)以及X射线粉末衍射(XRD)对产物进行了表征。结果表明,所得银纳米颗粒呈近球形,提高提取液的pH有利于获得粒径较小、分散性好、稳定性高的银纳米颗粒。进一步考察制得的银纳米颗粒的抗菌性能,结果表明,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑制作用,最小抑菌质量浓度(M IC)分别可达1.69和3.38 mg/L。 相似文献
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Obesity is a global health problem. It is also known to be a risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders, type 2 diabetes, systemic hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. In this study, we screened crude extracts from 400 plants to test their anti-obesity activity using porcine pancreatic lipase assay (PPL; triacylglycerol lipase, EC 3.1.1.3) in vitro activity. Among the 400 plants species examined, 44 extracts from plants, showed high anti-lipase activity using 2,4-dinitrophenylbutyrate as a substrate in porcine pancreatic lipase assay. Furthermore, 44 plant extracts were investigated for their inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. Among these 44 extracts examined, crude extracts from 4 natural plant species were active. Salicis Radicis Cortex had the highest fat inhibitory activity, whereas Rubi Fructus, Corni Fructus, and Geranium nepalense exhibited fat inhibitory capacity higher than 30% at 100 μg/mL in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting anti-obesity activity. These results suggest that four potent plant extracts might be of therapeutic interest with respect to the treatment of obesity. 相似文献
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C. Banias V. Oreopoulou C. D. Thomopoulos 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(6):520-524
The antioxidant activities of combinations of plant extracts and primary antioxidants or citric acid were studied in lard
stored at 75°C. Methanol extracts of oregano, thyme, marjoram, dittany, rosemary and sage were used. When combined with butylated
hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene or ascorbyl palmitate the extracts showed an additive antioxidant effect, while combinations
with propyl gallate did not increase the induction period obtained by the phenolic antioxidant. Negative synergism was observed
when the plant extracts were mixed with DL-α-tocopherol. Citric acid showed a high synergistic efficiency with marjoram extract
and a minor one with thyme extract, but it had a negative effect with all the others. Ternary mixtures of the plant extracts
with citric acid and ascorbyl palmitate had lower activity than the corresponding dual combinations with ascorbyl palmitate,
except for the mixture of marjoram extract. 相似文献
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随着社会的发展,医学模式正在发生重大转变。受生态因素和社会因素的影响,针对健康-亚健康-疾病模式,社会生态医学模式的转变更加关注植物提取物的作用机理的研究,推动中国植物提取物产业化发展,生产越来越多的植物提取物产品,在治疗心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤和伤害等慢性非传染性疾病、抗衰老、抗疲劳、抗忧郁等方面做到保护健康、预防疾病、治疗疾病。医学模式的转变需要对亚健康状态进行深入得定量研究,对植物提取物作用机制的做更深入的研究,推动越来越多的植物提取物应用于疾病的治疗、消除亚健康和保持健康。 相似文献
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以水稻稻瘟病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌为靶标菌,通过孢子萌发试验对12种植物提取物的抑菌活性进行粗筛。结果表明,植物粗提物在100mg/L质量浓度下,补骨脂提取物对水稻稻瘟病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌孢子萌发的抑制率均为100%,虎杖和黄柏提取物对水稻稻瘟病菌孢子萌发的抑制率均为100%。然后,采用菌丝生长速率法将补骨脂提取物对11种植物病原菌的抑菌活性进行了测定,结果表明,补骨脂粗提物对苹果腐烂等11种植物病原菌均具有抑制作用,其中,对苹果腐烂病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、水稻稻瘟病菌的EC50分别为17.669、73.136、77.294、32.141mg/L。 相似文献
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鸦胆子提取物对菜青虫幼虫取食和生长发育的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
测定了鸦胆子沉淀部分(Ⅰ)、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水抽提物对荣青虫4龄幼虫的拒食、抑制生长发育和毒杀活性。结果表明,在10mg/ml浓度下,处理24h,除了水提取物活性较低外,沉淀部分(Ⅰ)、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇抽提物对菜青虫4龄幼虫的拒食率和生长抑制率均在80%以上。处理48h,除鸦胆子氯仿抽提物对菜青虫4龄幼虫的拒食活性仍然保持高活性,拒食率达95.50%外,沉淀部分(Ⅰ)、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇抽提物活性的拒食率和生长抑制率有所降低,均在60%-75%之间。处理5d后,氯仿和乙酸乙酯抽提物的幼虫死亡率均为100%,化蛹率均为0,而水提取物与对照一样。 相似文献