Stability in the system CaO–Al2O3–H2O

The solubility of AH₃, CAH₁₀, C₂AH_7.5, and C₃AH₆ was determined experimentally at 7 to 40 °C and up to 570 days. During the reaction of CA, at 20 °C and above initially C₂AH_7.5 formed which was unstable in the long-term. The solubility products calculated indicate that the solubilities of CAH₁₀, C₂AH_7.5 and C₄AH₁₉ increase with temperature while the solubility of C₃AH₆ decreases. Thus at temperatures above 20 °C, C₃AH₆ is stable, while at lower temperature also CAH₁₀ and C₄AH₁₉ are stable, depending on the C/A ratio.At early hydration times, CAH₁₀ can be stable initially at 30 °C and above, as the formation of amorphous AH₃ stabilises CAH₁₀ with respect to C₃AH₆ + 2AH₃. With time, as the solubility AH₃ decreases due to the formation of microcrystalline AH₃, CAH₁₀ becomes unstable at 20 °C and above.     

CaC2O4—H2C2O4—H2O体系相平衡研究

测量了25 C时CaC_2O_4-H_2C_2O_4-H_2O三元系的固液平衡数据,实验数据用Pitzer模型进行了关联。     

H2O2/H2O溶液冷冻干燥制备HA多孔陶瓷

以H2O2/H2O结晶体为模板冷冻干燥法,制备出片层孔及圆孔的双孔型羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)支架,观察了支架的双孔形貌,分别研究HA浆料初始固含量和孔隙率、冷冻温度和孔径尺寸之间的关系.结果表明:当初始浆料固含量在20vol％ ～ 45vol％之间变化时,可以制得孔隙率在79％ ～ 54％的多孔陶瓷支架,孔的连通性较好,支架孔隙率随着浆料固含量的降低而升高;当冷冻温度分别为-20℃、-50℃、-80℃时,平均片层间距及圆形孔孔径尺寸分别为550～1000 μm,800 ～ 1000 μm;450 ～800 μm,550 ～750 μm;330 ～380μm,450 ～ 500 μm;支架的孔径尺寸随着冷冻温度的降低而减小,两种形貌孔道在孔壁上呈树枝状相连通,有利于细胞的攀附和生长.     

Fe2+/H2O2体系O2生成路径

掌握Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系O₂的生成路径,可为避免H₂O₂无效分解,开发经济高效的Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系利用技术指明方向。采用添加自由基捕获剂的方法,探究Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系内各种自由基对O₂生成速率的影响,进而确定O₂的生成路径。结果表明:Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系内不会产生大量O₂^-·,O₂^-·不是生成O₂的主要反应物质;O₂^-·被全部捕获后,体系中仍产生大量O₂^-·,但此时无O₂生成,证明生成O₂的反应由·OH和HO₂·两种自由基直接参与。分析认为反应·OH+HO₂·-H₂O+O₂是体系内O₂生成的主要路径。控制Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系定向生成·OH,抑制HO₂·的产生,是提高Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系中H₂O₂利用率的有效手段。     

Solvay计划扩产H2O2

Solvay计划用其新开发的高生产能力的工艺,扩产其位于美国Deer Park的H2O2装置的能力,将使其能力提高60％,使单套能力达到11．8万t／a。此扩产预计于2005年第2季度完成。Solvay还宣布将永久地关闭其位于同一地点的另一套装置,该装置曾于1999年暂时封存停产。同时Solvay正在计划在智利进行新的过氧化氢投资,以满足南美市场迅速增长的需求。     

H2O2—H2SO4粗化蚀刻液中H2O2浓度的快速测定

根据Ｈ２Ｏ２－Ｈ２ＳＯ４粗化蚀刻液中的Ｈ２Ｏ２与过量Ｆｅ＾２＋离子的定量氧化还原反应，用伏安法测定剩余Ｆｅ＾２＋离子在铂电极上极氧化峰电流，求算Ｈ２Ｏ２的浓度。方法简单，快速，适用于印制电路板生产现场监控。     

Effects of H2O in EtOH–H2O disperse medium on the electrophoretic deposition of CaSiO3 fine powder

The effects of H₂O in the EtOH–H₂O disperse medium on the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of CaSiO₃ fine powder were investigated. Fine CaSiO₃ powder with average diameter of 1·7 μm was prepared by the coprecipitation method. It was deposited on a stainless steel substrate by EPD in the disperse media with various H₂O concentrations (0–20·2 mass%) under a DC field of 50 V. The amount of the CaSiO₃ deposition increased with increasing H₂O up to 11·2 mass% but decreased rapidly beyond this concentration. The surface potential of the powder showed a similar trend as the amount of deposition against H₂O concentration. The effect of H₂O was summarized as follows: (1) the addition of positive charge on the surface of CaSiO₃ particles (2) the neutralization of the surface charge by OH⁻ caused by the dissolution of CaSiO₃ in the H₂O.     

吡啶改性Pd/SiO2催化剂用于H2和O2直接合成H2O2

引言过氧化氢(H2O2)是一种理想的绿色氧化剂,广泛应用于化学品合成、纺织、造纸、环保、食品、医药、冶金和农业等领域[1]。目前,蒽醌法[2-5]是工业上生产H2O2的主要方法。20世纪40年代,德国I.G.Farbenindustrie首先采用蒽醌法(又称Riedl-Pfleiderer法)工业化生产过氧化氢。该方法首先将2-烷基蒽醌(通常是2-乙基蒽醌)溶解于合适的有机溶剂中,溶液中的2-烷基蒽醌经催化剂催化加氢,被还原成蒽氢醌或5,6,7,8-四氢蒽氢醌,再经空气氧化得到蒽醌或四氢蒽醌和     

Promotional effect of H2O on the activity of In2O3‐doped Ga2O3–Al2O3 for the selective reduction of nitrogen monoxide

Effect of metal oxide additives on the catalytic performance of Ga₂O₃–Al₂O₃ prepared by the sol–gel method for the selective reduction of NO with propene in the presence of oxygen was studied. Of several metal oxide additives, the addition of In₂O₃ enhanced drastically the activity of Ga₂O₃–Al₂O₃ for NO reduction by propene in the presence of H₂O. In addition, the activity of In₂O₃‐doped Ga₂O₃–Al₂O₃ catalyst was extremely intensified by the presence of H₂O below 350°C. The promotional effect of H₂O was interpreted by the suppression of undesirable propene oxidation and the removal of carbonaceous materials deposited on the catalyst surface. We also found that close interaction of In₂O₃ and Ga₂O₃ is necessary for the enhancement of activity by H₂O. A lot of hydrocarbons except methane and oxygenated compounds served as good reducing agents, among which propene and 2‐propanol were the most efficient ones. In₂O₃‐doped Ga₂O₃–Al₂O₃ catalyst was capable of reducing NO into N₂ quite efficiently in the presence of H₂O at a very high space velocity. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

三氯乙烯O3／H2O2化学氧化过程

根据自由基机理导出了有机物在Ｏ３／Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化过程的反应动力学模型,实验了三氯乙烯在Ｏ３／Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化过程的降解,并与它在Ｏ３氧化过程中的降解进行了比较,实验结果与理论模型相吻合。     

H2O2氧化降解壳聚糖研究

介绍了国内外壳聚糖降解制备低聚壳聚糖的主要方法，并对H2O2氧化降解制备低聚糖进行了正交实验，探讨了该降解过程中各影响因素对降解产物的影响。     

锰H2O2酶催化机理研究进展

综述了近年来含锰H2O2酶模拟物的研究进展,主要讨论各种模拟物的催化机理,并总结出高活性的锰H2O2酶模拟物应具有的结构特点.     

羟基磷灰石负载钯催化剂用于H2和O2直接合成H2O2的动力学

H₂和O₂直接合成H₂O₂过程绿色环保,反应具有原子经济性,是最有潜力的H₂O₂合成新方法之一。采用等量浸渍法,将Pd负载于羟基磷灰石（HAp）载体上,得到了高分散的Pd/HAp纳米催化剂,Pd平均粒径2.5 nm。运用幂指数模型,研究该催化剂在H₂O₂加氢及H₂和O₂直接合成反应中的动力学,计算得到H₂O₂加氢、H₂O₂和H₂O的生成反应的表观活化能及O₂、H₂表观反应级数。结果表明低温及高O₂分压有利于H₂O₂的生成,而高H₂分压则有利于H₂O的生成。