Manufacture of hollow ingots using centrifugal casting machines

Centrifugal machines are proposed for the foundry created at the Almalyk Mining and Smelting Factory in order to produce hollow ingots of a liquid metal made by remelting of consumable electrodes in a refractory accumulating crucible.     

连铸异型坯结晶器铜板冷却水缝优化设计

建立了异型坯结晶器铜板二维传热模型,应用有限元软件进行求解,分析了不同水缝设计方式下铜板热行为,重点考察了结晶器铜板热面温度峰值和温度均匀性。结果表明：原异型坯结晶器铜板温度峰值为339．6℃,位于R角处,结晶器铜板翼稍两侧均出现温度低谷。增加R角水孔内限流杆直径或将R角限流杆由光滑杆改成螺旋杆均可明显降低铜板温度峰值和温度梯度。此外,在R角增加小孔或将R角小孔改成大孔也可强化R处传热,提高铜板温度均匀性。然而,改善铜板传热效果的最佳办法是重新设计水缝,非均匀分布的等径fl,：fL和非均匀分布的环形水缝加小孔两种水缝设计可有效提高铜板使用寿命、改善铸坯质量,在现场试验效果良好。     

板坯连铸结晶器铜板冷却水槽结构优化

针对板坯连铸结晶器铜板冷却水槽的结构优化,将三维传热模型应用于结晶器铜板导热过程,并采用有限元方法进行了模拟,计算并比较了水槽结构优化前后结晶器宽面铜板热面温度分布情况.结果表明:水槽结构优化后铜板螺栓处温度较优化前降低6℃,弯月面处温度降低10℃;优化前和优化后铜板在螺栓处和弯月面处的温度波动幅度分别为3、1. 5℃和8、2℃,水槽结构优化后铜板传热能力和冷却均匀性有明显提高.     

Effect of the design of a supply nozzle on the ingot formation during semicontinuous casting of copper

The semicontinuous casting of copper using a T-joint submerged nozzle with various configurations of its internal contour and a various number of outlet holes is considered. The results of physical modeling and commercial tests are used to choose the design of the submerged nozzle that meets the conditions of copper casting under industrial conditions as much as possible.     

延长高拉速板坯连铸机结晶器铜板寿命的实践

中薄板坯高拉速连铸机结晶器铜板容易出现弯月面处镀层龟裂、脱落等常规连铸机很少出现的缺陷.根据连铸机现有的监控数据和工艺状况,找到了产生缺陷的原因,并采取了相应的改进措施,改进后结晶器铜板的寿命得到了大幅度提高.     

承钢板坯连铸机结晶器工艺参数优化的水模型研究

实验采用水模型法研究了承钢板坯连铸机结晶器工艺参数与流场的关系,探讨了结晶器宽度、拉速、水口侵入深度、水口侧中孔面积比对流场状况的影响趋势,并对工艺参数进行了优化。     

大方坯末端电磁搅拌工艺参数优化

结合某厂大方坯连铸机的实际情况,采用Pro CAST软件建立了数学传热模型,并利用射钉结果对模型加以修正,提高了模型的准确性。根据大方坯模拟结果,末端电磁搅拌位置设在凝固率为0.6~0.7或者液芯35~55 mm处效果不佳,研究铸坯凝固规律,选择装在中心固相率为0.1处,这与3/4液相穴位置相对应。根据固相率为0.1的概念,得出过热度28℃,比水量0.6 L/kg条件下,拉速0.78 m/min偏大,推荐拉速0.7 m/mim,并计算了最佳拉速随现场过热度的变化。优化后铸坯内部质量明显改善。     

Improving mold operation in continuous-casting machines

Mold operation with spring suspension and a programmable hydraulic drive is considered. Computer methods of investigating the mold-billet interaction are developed. A new mold with longitudinal-transverse vibration and dynamic stabilization has been developed for continuous-casting machines.     

New narrow-wall design for the mold of continuous slab-casting machines

A mathematical model of ingot solidification is developed for a continuous slab-casting machine. This provides the basis for a new triplanar design of the narrow copper walls in the mold, with variable taper over the height. The ingot profile required to minimize copper wear in the lower part and ensure sufficient thickness in the upper part is calculated.     

C70DA钢小方坯末端电磁搅拌工艺的优化

针对末端电磁搅拌器在高碳钢C70DA小方坯连铸生产中存在的铸坯中心缺陷问题,分别采用射钉试验和CT3型特斯拉计对电磁搅拌位置处液芯厚度以及搅拌器内磁感应强度进行了调查分析。结果表明：C70DA钢小方坯实际生产过程中电磁搅拌位置液芯厚度较大和电磁搅拌力不足是造成高碳钢小方坯中心偏析和中心疏松严重的主要原因。通过增加二冷比水量至1．73L／kg,优化末端电磁搅拌参数为频率11Hz、电流500A,可以将电磁搅拌位置处液芯由60rnlTl减少至54rnrn,电磁搅拌力也达到最大值,C70DA钢小方坯中心偏析和中心疏松显著减轻,中心质量得到了改善。     

IF钢用连铸保护渣研制

结合攀钢IF钢连铸工艺条件,研究了碱性材料、熔剂对保护渣熔化性能的影响和熔速调节剂配加模式,设计出了保护渣配方.工业试验表明,研制的预熔保护渣用于IF钢浇铸时,在结晶器内熔化良好,试验铸坯表面无清理率达到98.5%,铸坯增碳控制在2×10-6左右(质量分数).     

Possibility of combining electroslag remelting and continuous casting for the production of hollow ingots

The fundamental possibility of a combination of ESR and continuous casting for the production of hollow tube billets is considered, and the problems to be solved to put this process into operation are discussed.