Bessel-Gaussian光束在分数傅里叶变换面上的光强分布

利用广义衍射积分方法,研究了Bessel-Gaussian(BG)光束的分数傅里叶变换特性,推导出了BG光束通过分数傅里叶变换光学系统后,光场分布的解析公式,利用该公式对BG光束经分数傅里叶变换后光强的分布规律进行了数值分析。研究结果表明,分数傅里叶变换阶数p对BG光束的光强分布有明显影响,光强分布随分数傅里叶变换阶数p呈周期性变化。     

Closed-Form Analytical Expression of Fractional Order Differentiation in Fractional Fourier Transform Domain

In this paper, a closed-form analytical expression for fractional order differentiation in the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) domain is derived by utilizing the basic principles of fractional order calculus. The reported work is a generalization of the differentiation property to fractional (noninteger or real) orders in the FrFT domain. The proposed closed-form analytical expression is derived in terms of the well-known confluent hypergeometric function. An efficient computation method has also been derived for the proposed algorithm in the discrete-time domain, utilizing the principles of the discrete fractional Fourier transform algorithm. An application example of a low-pass finite impulse response (FIR) fractional order differentiator in the FrFT domain has also been investigated to show the practicality of the proposed method in signal processing applications.     

Analysis of Chirp as windowing function through fractional Fourier transform

This article presents a new mathematical model for obtaining the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) of Chirp function. FrFT is a parameterised transform having an adjustable transform parameter which makes it more flexible and superior over ordinary FT in several applications. It is an important tool used in signal processing for spectral analysis. The closed-form expression derived for FrFT of finite duration Chirp establishes the dependence of FrFT of Chirp on the order of FrFT and the Chirp parameter. The mathematical model obtained shows that the Chirp function can be used as an adjustable window function in the fractional Fourier domain. The main-lobe width, side-lobe level and side-lobe fall-off rate of a Chirp window can be controlled by changing the adjustable transform parameter to different values. For some particular values of fractional angle, Chirp can give better spectral parameters than the existing window functions. By varying the order of FrFT, the variations in spectral parameters of the Chirp window are obtained and studied. The performance of the Chirp window in fractional domain is also compared with some of the existing windows.     

A Novel Multi-carrier Order Division Multi-access Communication System Based on TDCS with Fractional Fourier Transform Scheme

In this paper, we propose a novel fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) based multi-carrier order division multi-access communication system, in which each user is uniquely identified by an FrFT order. Transform domain communication system (TDCS) with FrFT scheme is also proposed to synthesize the wide-band baseband waveforms in all FrFT domains with different users’ FrFT orders, which enhances the interference avoidance capability of this system under most of interference. Therefore, multiple independent data streams can be transmitted by using FrFT–OFDM in the same time and different FrFT domains. However, chirp bases, as the new kind of carriers with different modulated rates, are merely mutually approximately orthogonal. There is a problem of energy leakage between multiple chirp carriers, which possibly causes the multiple chirp carriers inter-shielding to influence the FrFT–OFDM demodulation performance. An efficient allocation algorithm of multiple chirp carriers by presetting the carrier parameters is proposed to solve this problem. Based on MC-CDMA, a variable bit rate system structure is proposed for TDCS with FrFT scheme under different channel environments. In order to simplify the process of modulation and demodulation of TDCS with FrFT scheme, a whole new cyclic shift key modulation mode in FrFT domain is also proposed. Both theories and simulations confirm strictly the validity of the proposed system.     

双曲余弦-高斯光束的分数傅里叶变换特性研究

基于分数傅里叶变换(FRFT)与维格纳分布函数(WDF)旋转等效的性质．推导出了双曲余弦-高斯(ChG)光束在分数傅里叶变换面上光强分布和束宽的解析公式，研究了双曲余弦-高斯光束光强和束宽随分数傅里叶变换阶数的变化规律，分析了偏心参量对双曲余弦-高斯光束分数傅里叶变换特性的影响，并对数值计算结果进行了分析和讨论。结果表明，对给定偏心参量的双曲余弦-高斯光束，可以使其经过一定阶数的分数傅里叶变换来获得平顶光束。     

椭圆高斯光束的分数傅里叶变换

利用分数傅里叶变换与Wigner分布函数旋转等效的性质 ,推导出了椭圆高斯光束在分数傅里叶变换平面上的光强分布和束宽的解析公式。研究了椭圆高斯光束光强和束宽随分数傅里叶变换阶数变化的规律 ,并给出了数值计算结果     

The discrete fractional Fourier transform based on the DFT matrix

We introduce a new discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFrFT) based on only the DFT matrix and its powers. Eigenvectors of the DFT matrix are obtained in a simple-yet-elegant and straightforward manner. We show that this DFrFT definition based on the eigentransforms of the DFT matrix mimics the properties of continuous fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) by approximating the samples of the continuous FrFT. By appropriately combining existing commuting matrices we obtain a new commuting matrix which performs better. We show the validity of the proposed algorithms by computer simulations comparing DFrFT points and continuous FrFT samples for various signals.     

A Novel Multiuser SISO-BOFDM Systems with Group Fractional Fourier Transforms Scheme

Existing multiuser (MU) schemes are mainly accomplished by MIMO techniques. In this letter, we propose a novel group fractional Fourier transform based MU SISO Biorthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing system, in which multiple independent data streams from co-channel mobile stations (MSs) can be transmitted in the same frequency and time slot. Because the chirp bases generated by different orders based fractional Fourier transform (FrFTs), at same subchannel, are mutually approximately orthogonal, when FrFT orders are effectively allocated to different co-channel MSs, the co-channel interference can be perfectly suppressed by simple correlative detection in FrFT domain with respective optimal order, at the receiver of each MS. Finally, system simulations show the essential advantages over conventional MU schemes.     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的窄带雷达飞机目标回波特征提取方法

该文研究了常规窄带雷达体制下,利用分数阶傅里叶变换扩展特征域,从而解决直升机、螺旋桨飞机和喷气式飞机3类飞机目标回波分类中的特征提取问题。在现代战场中,直升机、螺旋桨飞机和喷气式飞机具有不同的机动性能,并各自承担着重要的任务。因此,实现这3类飞机的分类具有重大的意义。该文针对3类飞机目标分类的传统特征数目少,包含信息量有限,导致分类性能不够好的问题,基于现有的特征提取方法引入分数阶傅里叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transform, FrFT),在经过FrFT后的分数域提取3类飞机目标回波的分数阶特征,弥补传统特征的不足。并利用线性相关向量机(Relevance Vector Machine, RVM)的特征选择功能对提取的分数阶特征进行特征选择并分类。基于仿真和实测数据的实验结果证明该文提出的分数阶特征的分类性能较传统时域、多普勒域特征有较大提升。     

部分相干平顶高斯光束的传输特性

本文采用Huygens-Fresnel衍射积分公式导出了部分相干平顶高斯光束（PCFGB）经过ABCD光学系统传输公式;进一步导出了采用二阶矩定义的等效束宽和Kurtosis因子的传输公式;利用导出的公式计算了PCFGB在自由空间中的传输特性,并和相干平顶高斯光束（FGB）的传输特性作了比较分析。结果表明,PCFGB在传输过程中其光强分布的平顶部分不会消退,而且它的平顶化程度越来越,但其束宽迅速增大。     

An Efficient FPGA-based Implementation of Fractional Fourier Transform Algorithm

In this paper, we present an efficient FPGA implementation method of fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) algorithm. Firstly, a polyphase implementation of the FrFT computation algorithm base on the theory of multirate signal processing and filter banks is proposed. This polyphase implementation costs less computations and its parallel structure is suitable for FPGA realization. Then we present one computational method, which improve the resolution on any portion of fractional spectrum. Some realization details, such as the parity restrictions of signal length, special interval for transform order, interpolation filter, continuous frame computation and continuous order computation are also investigated. Finally, the efficiency of the novel method is verified by FPGA implementation results.     

An Efficient VLSI Architecture for Computation of Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform

Since decades, the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) has attracted researchers from various domains such as signal and image processing applications. These applications have been essentially demanding the requirement of low computational complexity of FrFT. In this paper, FrFT is simplified to reduce the complexity, and further an efficient CORDIC-based architecture for computing discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFrFT) is proposed which brings down the computational complexity and hardware requirements and provides the flexibility to change the user defined fractional angles to compute DFrFT on-the-fly. Architectural design and working method of proposed architecture along with its constituent blocks are discussed. The hardware complexity and throughput of the proposed architecture are illustrated as well. Finally, the architecture of DFrFT of the order sixteen is implemented using Verilog HDL and synthesized targeting an FPGA device ”XLV5LX110T”. The hardware simulation is performed for functional verification, which is compared with the MATLAB simulation results. Further, the physical implementation result of the proposed design shows that the design can be operated at a maximum frequency of 154 MHz with the latency of 63-clock cycles.     

Sampling and Reconstruction of Sparse Signals in Fractional Fourier Domain

Sampling theory for continuous time signals which have a bandlimited representation in fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) domain-a transformation which generalizes the conventional Fourier transform-has blossomed in the recent past. The mechanistic principles behind Shannon's sampling theorem for fractional bandlimited (or fractional Fourier bandlimited) signals are the same as for the Fourier domain case i.e. sampling (and reconstruction) in FrFT domain can be seen as an orthogonal projection of a signal onto a subspace of fractional bandlimited signals. As neat as this extension of Shannon's framework is, it inherits the same fundamental limitation that is prevalent in the Fourier regime-what happens if the signals have singularities in the time domain (or the signal has a nonbandlimited spectrum)? In this paper, we propose a uniform sampling and reconstruction scheme for a class of signals which are nonbandlimited in FrFT sense. Specifically, we assume that samples of a smoothed version of a periodic stream of Diracs (which is sparse in time-domain) are accessible. In its parametric form, this signal has a finite number of degrees of freedom per unit time. Based on the representation of this signal in FrFT domain, we derive conditions under which exact recovery of parameters of the signal is possible. Knowledge of these parameters leads to exact reconstruction of the original signal.     

三维物场多重分数傅里叶变换全息图光电再现实验研究

对基于多重分数傅里叶变换(FrFT)的三维(3D)物场计算全息图进行光电再现实验研究.根据分数阶与衍射距离的关系,对不同物面分别设置不同的分数阶,分别计算得到各层物面在全息面的复振幅并进行叠加,对其进行编码分别得到分数傅里叶变换振幅型全息图和相息图.同时在计算3D物场的全息图时,在物波面加入不同的随机相位因子,得到3D...     

A blind watermarking algorithm based on fractional Fourier transform and visual cryptography

This paper presents a robust copyright protection scheme based on fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) and visual cryptography (VC). Unlike the traditional schemes, in our scheme, the original image is not modified by embedding the watermark into the original image. We use the visual secret sharing scheme to construct two shares, namely, master share and ownership share. Features of the original image are extracted using SVD, and are used to generate the master share. Ownership share is generated with the help of secret image (watermark) and the master share, using VC technique. The two shares separately give no information about the secret image, but for ownership identification, the secret image can be revealed by stacking the master share and the ownership share. In order to achieve the robustness and security, the properties of VC, FrFT and SVD are used in our scheme. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme is strong enough to resist various signal processing operations.     

An uncertainty principle for real signals in the fractional Fouriertransform domain

The fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) can be thought of as a generalization of the Fourier transform to rotate a signal representation by an arbitrary angle α in the time-frequency plane. A lower bound on the uncertainty product of signal representations in two FrFT domains for real signals is obtained, and it is shown that a Gaussian signal achieves the lower bound. The effect of shifting and scaling the signal on the uncertainty relation is discussed. An example is given in which the uncertainty relation for a real signal is obtained, and it is shown that this relation matches with that given by the uncertainty relation derived     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的Chirp浅剖精细探测方法

实现弱回波信号检测和高信噪比(SNR)浅剖图像获取是浅剖精细探测的首要任务。该文在分析分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)解卷积原理,推导时间量纲化变换公式的基础上,提出一种基于FrFT的浅剖精细探测新方法。该方法通过FrFT解卷积实现分数阶傅里叶域(u域)沉积层冲激响应求解,采用u域加窗滤波技术对带内噪声进行有效抑制,经时间量纲化变换实现高信噪比u域沉积层冲激响应包络信号至时域浅剖包迹的直接变换,得到高质量的浅剖图像。仿真实验和实测数据处理验证了算法的精细探测能力,算法性能优于脉冲压缩和自回归(AR)预测滤波方法。     

A Novel OFDMA Cellular System Based on Multiple FrFT Angles Reuse Scheme

In conventional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) cellular systems, the fundamental cause of inter-cell interference (ICI) is that the signals from serving Base Station (BS) and interference BSs, are modulated by same exponential bases, at same subcarrier. In this letter, an effective OFDMA cellular mobile system based on multiple fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) angle reuse scheme is proposed. In this system, FrFT angle is regarded as new resource, which can be optimally allocated to each BS of cellular system. Because chirp bases, generated by different FrFT with optimally allocated angle, are mutually approximately orthogonal at same subcarrier, ICI can be perfectly suppressed. Both theory and simulations show the essential advantages over conventional OFDMA cellular systems for ICI suppression and bit error rate.     

Biorthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Cellular System with Angle Division Reuse Scheme

In conventional OFDMA cellular systems, mobile stations (MSs) suffer from large ICI in fully loaded cellular environments with full cell frequency reuse, especially at the cell-edge. The fundamental cause is that the signals from serving Base Station (BS) and interference BSs, are modulated by same exponential bases, at same subcarrier. In this paper, a generalized low-complexity fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) based biorthogonal frequency division multiple access (B-OFDMA) cellular system with multiple angle division reuse scheme (MADR) scheme for inter-cell interference (ICI) cancellation is proposed. FrFT angle is regarded as a kind of time-frequency combination resource (TFCR), and it can be optimally allocated to each BS of the cellular system, based on simplified minimal base correlation coefficient (MBCC) criteria, which confirms the inner-cell mutual orthogonality between modulating bases at different subcarriers, and inter-cell mutual approximate orthogonality between modulating bases at same subcarriers. Therefore, at the receiver, ICI can be dramatically suppressed by MMSE equalization and correlative detection in respective optimal FrFT domain. Extensive system simulations are conducted for various practical scenarios to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed FrFT MADR scheme in bit error rate (BER) and system throughput, especially for cell-edge MSs, compared with conventional OFDMA cellular with different ICI cancellation schemes and scheduling schemes.     

微弱LFM信号的FrFT检测能力分析

基于分数阶傅里叶变换（FrFT）检测线性调频（LFM）信号广泛应用于雷达、通信、声呐和电子战领域,但缺乏对检测灵敏度的定量分析。为此,研究了FrFT对微弱LFM信号的检测能力。根据FrFT思想和二元假设检验理论,推导了检测概率和虚警概率的数学表达式。由于表达式是关于LFM信号频谱的函数,因此区分快变信号和慢变信号对LFM的频谱进行了合理近似。基于接收机工作特性曲线分析了FrFT检测LFM信号的灵敏度。仿真比较了FrFT与传统傅里叶变换（FT）对微弱LFM信号的检测能力,结果表明FrFT对LFM信号的检测灵敏度和信号累积能力均优于FT。