The crack self-healing properties of cement-based material with EVA heat-melt adhesive

An experimental program was carried out to investigate whether EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer) heat-melt adhesive can potentially act as a self-healing agent in cement-based material. The effects of incorporation of EVA and heating on the properties of mortar were studied. Self-healing capacity of EVA specimens was also verified. The experimental results show that the addition of EVA would not greatly affect original characteristics of the matrix when EVA content was less than 5%; the interface between EVA and cement matrix was well improved after heating, which allows a significant improvement in flexural strength and toughness of specimen; pre-damaged specimens in various degrees (30%, 50% and 70%) were effectively repaired by EVA and the repair efficiency all exceeded 100%.     

Unsaturated Water Transport of Cement-based Materials

The slice-weighing method was used to investigate the unsaturated water transport of different cement pastes. The experimental results show that a sharp wetting front existed during water transport, the transport can be described by a non-linear diffusion equation, and transport coefficient of different materials exhibit various rules with water content of materials. The addition of fly-ash decreases transport coefficient of cement pastes in all the various water contents, even changes the transport mechanism.     

水泥基材料隐身性能改性试验与数值模拟

以水泥为基体,添加硅灰和粉煤灰、石墨和碳纤维、纳米TiO2和钢纤维为吸波剂的试样,对8～18GHz频段内的隐身性能进行了试验分析,结果表明,硅灰和粉煤灰、纳米TiO2和钢纤维与水泥复合制成的吸波材料具有良好的隐身性能,石墨和碳纤维与水泥复合制成的吸波材料的隐身性较差,掺合材对水泥基材料吸波性能的影响必须综合考虑,并不是越多越好,掺合材超过一定极限后,材料的透波能力增强,吸波性能便会下降.在设计时对试件实验数据进行计算机模拟仿真,得到水泥基复合吸波材料,材料的电导率、复介电常数、复磁导率、介质损耗角正切等是评价吸波材料的主要参数.当掺合材作为复合吸波剂应用时,两种材料的介电损耗共同发挥衰减作用,可以明显提高试件的吸波性能,而且可以拓宽频段,比单一吸波剂的添加有着明显的优势.     

氯氧镁水泥基材料体积稳定性研究

采用不同掺合料与骨料配制氯氧镁水泥基材料,分别在干燥和潮湿环境下,对氯氧镁水泥基材料的干燥收缩和潮湿膨胀变形进行实验研究与变形机理分析.结果表明,在干燥状态下,氯氧镁水泥净浆42 d的收缩率达到1400×10-6,单掺稻壳粉后收缩率明显提高,单掺粉煤灰后收缩率提高不多.单掺砂和复掺硅灰及粉煤灰后收缩率明显降低;在潮湿状态下,氯氧镁水泥净浆42 d的膨胀率为6898×10-6,单掺稻壳粉水泥的膨胀率比氯氧镁水泥净浆略有提高,单掺粉煤灰、砂和复掺硅灰及粉煤灰的水泥膨胀率均明显降低.     

Numerical simulation on inclusion transport in continuous casting mold

Turbulent flow, the transpor＇t of inclusions and bubbles, and inclusion removal by fluid flow, transport and by bubble flotation in the strand of the continuous slab caster are investigated using computational models, and validated through comparison with plant measurements of inclusions. Steady 3-D flow of steel in the liquid pool in the mold and upper strand is simulated with a finitedifference computational model using the standard k-εturbulence rondel. Trajectories of inclusions and bubhles tire calculated by integrating each local velocity, considering its drag and buoyancy forces, A ＂random walk＂ model is used to incorporate the effect of turbulent fluctuations on the particle motion. The attachment probability of inclusions on a bubble surface is investigated based on fundamental fluid flow simulations, incorporating the turbulent inclusion trajectory and sliding time of each individual inclusion along the bubble surface as a function of particle and bubble size. The chunge in inclusion distribution due to removal by bubble transport in the mold is calculated based on the computed attachment probability of inclusions on each bubble and the computed path length of the bubbles. The results indicate that 6%-10% inclusions are removed by fluid flow transport. 10% by bubble flotation, and 4% by entrapment to the submerged entry nozzle （SEN） walls. Smaller bubbles and larger inclusions have larger attachment probabilities. Smaller bubbles are more efficient for inclusion removal by bubble flotation, so Inng as they are not entrapped in the solidifying shell A larger gas flow rate favors inclusion removal by bubble flotation. The optimum bubble size should be 2-4mm.     

Numerical simulation of gas flow process in mining-induced crack network

The exploitation of coal bed methane or coal gas is one of the most effective solutions of the problem of coal gas hazard. A better understanding of gas flow in mining-induced cracks plays an important role in comprehensive development and utilization of coal gas as well as prevention of coal gas hazard. This paper presents a case study of gas flow in mining-induced crack network regarding the situation of low permeability of coal seam. A two-dimensional physical model is constructed on the basis of geological background of mining face No. 1122(1) in coal seam No. 11-2, Zhangji Coal Mine, Huainan Mining Group Corporation. The mining-induced stress and cracks in overburden rocks are obtained by simulating an extraction in physical model. An evolution of mining-induced cracks in the process of advancing of coal mining face is characterized and three typical crack networks are taken from digital photos by means of image analysis. Moreover, the numerical software named COMSOL Multiphysics is employed to simulate the process of gas flow in three representative crack networks. Isograms of gas pressure at various times in mining-induced crack networks are plotted, suggesting a shape and dimension of gas accumulation area.     

光学元件研磨加工裂纹形成过程数值模拟

针对传统有限元方法过度依赖于网格,计算时磨粒和工件接触区域的网格畸变严重,很难模拟脆性材料加工中材料内部裂纹的形成过程这一问题,利用光滑粒子流体动力学法建立单个磨粒切削加工过程的FE/SPH耦合有限元模型,对熔石英材料研磨过程进行数值模拟,为脆性材料切削过程的仿真提供了新途径.系统分析研磨加工中亚表层裂纹的形成过程以及切削参数对亚表层裂纹深度的影响规律.仿真结果表明:磨粒刚开始切入工件时材料处于弹/塑性变形阶段,随后在磨粒的挤压及撕扯作用下,材料内部产生大量微裂纹,微裂纹的合并、连通和扩展最终形成了平行于工件表面的横向裂纹和垂直于工件表面的纵向微裂纹,导致工件材料的脆性断裂去除.     

基于瑞利波法对混凝土表面裂缝检测的数值研究

基于瑞利波及衍射纵波的传播时间差法,利用有限元法分析了瑞利波在含不同长度及角度裂纹的混凝土介质中的传播规律,提出了混凝土介质中表面裂缝长度和角度的计算公式,并验证了数值模拟结果的准确性。研究结果表明：在传播过程中,瑞利波一部分沿着介质表面（含裂纹表面）传播,另一部分在裂缝尖端发生模式转换,形成衍射横波和衍射纵波,弹性波传播到介质边界时被粘弹性人工边界全部吸收,消除了反射波的影响;表面裂缝长度和角度的计算结果误差基本在5%以下,只有个别数据误差较大,在一定范围内,随着裂缝长度和角度值的增大,计算结果的准确度越高。     

脆性多裂纹扩展问题的近场动力学建模分析

针对脆性多裂纹扩展问题,基于近场动力学（PD）理论开展本构建模与数值方法研究.在常规微弹脆性本构模型基础上引入物质点对的转动,同时在本构力模型中增加能够反映物质点间长程力尺寸效应的核函数,提高计算精度、效率和结果的稳定性.构建能够以统一的模型和算法自然模拟脆性多裂纹扩展全过程的PD数值体系.通过定量分析确定最佳近场尺寸及核函数,通过双裂纹巴西圆盘和多裂纹脆性板的破坏过程模拟验证所提模型和算法,结果表明：改进型PD模型和数值方法可以定性、定量分析脆性多裂纹扩展问题.模拟单轴拉伸荷载作用下双裂纹脆性板的裂纹扩展过程,得到了初始裂纹分布情况对结构破坏形式和承载能力的影响规律.     

急倾斜煤层开采诱发地表裂缝数值模拟

为了研究急倾斜煤层开采诱发地表裂缝的演化过程,探讨急倾斜煤层开采诱发地裂缝分布规律.利用可描述拉张破裂的有限元方法,对地表裂缝演化过程进行数值模拟.结果显示:最大拉应力集中在地表,地表优先于采空区破裂,采空区下山方向对应的地表一侧形成裂缝.急倾斜煤层开采地表和采空破裂的顺序与水平、倾斜煤层的破坏顺序相反.煤层倾角很陡时,地表先破裂到一定程度后,采空区才开始破裂.煤层倾角很缓或水平时,采空区先破裂,之后地表才破裂.     

防城港湾物质输运时间尺度的数值模拟

为研究防城港东、西湾物质输运的时间尺度,建立了防城港湾物质输运数学模型,以保守物质为示踪物探讨了东、西湾滞留时间的空间分布以及防城江流量、潮差、湾内地形等因素对湾内滞留时间的影响。结果显示：在防城港湾口海域,滞留时间在不同计算条件下一般为１０～７０ｈ,向湾顶方向逐渐增加可超过３００ｈ;防城港湾的滞留时间空间分布上呈现明显的湾顶大于湾口、浅滩大于深槽的整体特征;滞留时间与防城江径流量的三次方呈极好的函数关系;防城江的部分来水通过东、西湾顶的水道向东湾输运,对防城港东湾的水交换有一定的影响;在西湾,潮流的冲刷能力约为径流冲刷能力的３.２倍,潮流的作用导致西湾的滞留时间大幅减少。     

空气单蓄热室状加热炉内传输过程的数值模拟

以某企业拟建的高温蓄热实验炉为研究对象，对该炉内发生的流动、燃烧和传热过程进行了数值模拟，得到了炉内速度场、温度场和浓度场的分布情况.通过分别改变空气喷口和燃料喷口间的夹角、空气喷口的长宽比来优化炉内的流场和温度场.结果表明,空气喷口水平交角对炉内温度场均匀性的影响很大，当空气喷口水平交角为8°时炉内温度均匀性最好；在空气喷口长宽比为3∶1 的情况下，可以改善炉内温度场的均匀性，以避免产生局部高温区.     

基于导波的圆管横向裂纹检测的数值模拟与试验

研究圆管上的超声导波的裂纹几何尺寸与回波反射特征间的映射关系.首先,建立5组周向角度与径向深度的裂纹管道的有限元仿真模型,用脉冲-回波的方法模拟L(0,2)模态波对管道横向裂纹进行检测,提取其裂纹反射系数特征值;其次,搭建导波检测系统,加工3组周向裂纹的圆管试样,分别用单探头与4个探头进行裂纹检测试验.分析表明:试验与仿真分析得到缺陷尺寸对反射系数的影响趋势吻合;能够检测到1m以外的裂纹,轴向定位误差小于10%;裂纹回波的反射系数随着损伤程度的增大而增大.本研究为基于导波对管道横向裂纹的定位与识别提供了参考.     

自诊断机敏水泥基材料力-电性能测试方法研究

用不同的方法对组分确定的机敏水泥基材料力-电性能进行测试，所得到的数据有很大的差别．通过对直流电路、直流电桥、交流电路及交流电桥等方法的分析比较，指出直流电路和电桥的方法不能消除机敏水泥基材料本身存在的极化，使得反映其力-电性能的阻抗趋于稳定；而交流电路和电桥方法则可以得到稳定的阻抗值．比较数字电桥在串联和并联等效方式下的交流阻抗结果可知，串联等效方式的交流阻抗值小且稳定性好．     

碳纤维复合材料周铣加工过程的数值模拟研究

为了对碳纤维铣削过程进行研究,建立了碳纤维复合材料三维周铣加工的有限元计算模型,并研究了切削层简化及材料去除等建模关键技术。通过将周铣力施加到碳纤维复合材料的有限元计算模型,研究了铣削力对碳纤维复合材料的周铣加工过程。通过数值模拟获得了碳纤维复合材料铣削过程中的应力分布情况,数值模拟为碳纤维复合材料切削参数及刀具参数优化研究提供了参考。     

Effects of surface-activated coal gangue aggregates on properties of cement-based materials

Effects of calcined coal gangue （CG） aggregates treated by the surface thermal activation on the flowability and strength, and paste-CG aggregate interfaces of the cement-based material were investigated. The experimental results show that the compressive and flexural strength of the cement-based material with the calcined CG aggregates is much higher than that of the material with the natural CG aggregates, but the flowability of the material with calcined CG is significantly reduced with the calcined time. The strength of the material with the calcined CG aggregates only increases little with the calcined time at the same w/c ratio, but is reduced with the calcined time at the same flowability. The CG aggregates calcined by the surface thermal activation obviously overcomes the disadvantages of fully calcined CG.     

Hydration mechanism of low quality fly ash in cement-based materials

The hydration mechanism of low quality fly ash in cement-based materials was investigated. The hydration heat of the composite cementitious materials was determined by isothermal calorimetry, and the hydration products, quantity, pore structure and morphology were measured by X-ray diffraction(XRD), thermalgravity-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA), mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively. The results indicate that grinding could not only improve the physical properties of the low quality fly ash on particle effect, but also improve hydration properties of the cementitious system from various aspects compared with raw low quality fly ash(RLFA). At the early stage of hydration, the low quanlity fly ash acts as almost inert material; but then at the later stage, high chemical activity, especially for ground low quality fly ash(GLFA), could be observed. It can accelerate the formation of hydration products containing more chemical bonded water, resulting in higher degree of cement hydration, thus denser microstructure and more reasonable pore size distribution, but the hydration heat in total is reduced. It can also delay the induction period, but the accelerating period is shortened and there is little influence on the second exothermic peak.     

Numerical simulation on effects of embedded crack on rock fragmentation by a tunnel boring machine cutter

Based on the simplification of cutting process, a series of numerical simulations were conducted using a 2-D discrete element method to explore the effects of embedded cracks with different dip angles on the rock fragmentation process, cutting characteristics and breaking efficiency. The results show that the simulated results are in a good agreement with previous theoretical study. The main crack propagates to the top tip of embedded crack, except when the dip angle is 90°. Side cracks which are more fully developed in the rocks containing embedded cracks tend to propagate towards the free surface. According to the history of vertical cutting force, it is shown that the peak force is decreased by embedded cracks. The study on cutting efficiency was conducted by combining the quantity of crack and cutting energy. And the results show that breaking efficiency can be treated as a decreasing or a increasing function when the dip angle is less or larger than 30°, respectively. Breaking efficiency is higher than that in intact rock when the dip angle is larger than 45°.     

水泥基土石坝防渗注浆材料试验

为解决水利工程中普遍使用的注浆材料流动性差、结石率低等问题,以水泥为基本材料,掺加粉煤灰及膨润土,将减水剂、膨胀剂作为外加剂,对不同配比的材料进行浆液流动性及结石体物理性能等试验分析,综合各试验结果得出适用的材料配比。试验结果表明:掺加膨润土可以增加浆液稳定性,提高结石率,但同时会降低浆液流动性;掺加适量粉煤灰可以增加浆液流动性,提高浆液可注性;随着膨润土和粉煤灰掺量增加,浆液结石体的强度会有明显下降;膨润土和粉煤灰的掺量应适宜。研究成果对水利工程注浆材料研发具有较大的指导意义。     

Self-healing Action of Permeable Crystalline Coating on Pores and Cracks in Cement-based Materials

The self-healing action of a permeable crystalline coating on the porous mortar was investigated by two times impermeability test. Moreover, the self-healing mechanism of cement-based materials with the permeable crystalline coating, was studied by SEM. The results indicate that the permeable crystalline coating not only seals the pores and cracks in mortar during its curing process, but also heals the permeable pathway caused by first impermeability test or cracks produced by freeze-thaw cycles . Therefore, cement-based materials can be improved by the permeable crystalline coating for the self-healing function. SEM images prove that the self-healing function is realized by generating a great quantity of non- soluble dendritic crystalline within the pores and cracks, which prevents the penetration of water and other liquids.