The crack self-healing properties of cement-based material with EVA heat-melt adhesive

An experimental program was carried out to investigate whether EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer) heat-melt adhesive can potentially act as a self-healing agent in cement-based material. The effects of incorporation of EVA and heating on the properties of mortar were studied. Self-healing capacity of EVA specimens was also verified. The experimental results show that the addition of EVA would not greatly affect original characteristics of the matrix when EVA content was less than 5%; the interface between EVA and cement matrix was well improved after heating, which allows a significant improvement in flexural strength and toughness of specimen; pre-damaged specimens in various degrees (30%, 50% and 70%) were effectively repaired by EVA and the repair efficiency all exceeded 100%.     

Unsaturated Water Transport of Cement-based Materials

The slice-weighing method was used to investigate the unsaturated water transport of different cement pastes. The experimental results show that a sharp wetting front existed during water transport, the transport can be described by a non-linear diffusion equation, and transport coefficient of different materials exhibit various rules with water content of materials. The addition of fly-ash decreases transport coefficient of cement pastes in all the various water contents, even changes the transport mechanism.     

氯氧镁水泥基材料体积稳定性研究

采用不同掺合料与骨料配制氯氧镁水泥基材料,分别在干燥和潮湿环境下,对氯氧镁水泥基材料的干燥收缩和潮湿膨胀变形进行实验研究与变形机理分析.结果表明,在干燥状态下,氯氧镁水泥净浆42 d的收缩率达到1400×10-6,单掺稻壳粉后收缩率明显提高,单掺粉煤灰后收缩率提高不多.单掺砂和复掺硅灰及粉煤灰后收缩率明显降低;在潮湿状态下,氯氧镁水泥净浆42 d的膨胀率为6898×10-6,单掺稻壳粉水泥的膨胀率比氯氧镁水泥净浆略有提高,单掺粉煤灰、砂和复掺硅灰及粉煤灰的水泥膨胀率均明显降低.     

Numerical simulation on inclusion transport in continuous casting mold

Turbulent flow, the transpor＇t of inclusions and bubbles, and inclusion removal by fluid flow, transport and by bubble flotation in the strand of the continuous slab caster are investigated using computational models, and validated through comparison with plant measurements of inclusions. Steady 3-D flow of steel in the liquid pool in the mold and upper strand is simulated with a finitedifference computational model using the standard k-εturbulence rondel. Trajectories of inclusions and bubhles tire calculated by integrating each local velocity, considering its drag and buoyancy forces, A ＂random walk＂ model is used to incorporate the effect of turbulent fluctuations on the particle motion. The attachment probability of inclusions on a bubble surface is investigated based on fundamental fluid flow simulations, incorporating the turbulent inclusion trajectory and sliding time of each individual inclusion along the bubble surface as a function of particle and bubble size. The chunge in inclusion distribution due to removal by bubble transport in the mold is calculated based on the computed attachment probability of inclusions on each bubble and the computed path length of the bubbles. The results indicate that 6%-10% inclusions are removed by fluid flow transport. 10% by bubble flotation, and 4% by entrapment to the submerged entry nozzle （SEN） walls. Smaller bubbles and larger inclusions have larger attachment probabilities. Smaller bubbles are more efficient for inclusion removal by bubble flotation, so Inng as they are not entrapped in the solidifying shell A larger gas flow rate favors inclusion removal by bubble flotation. The optimum bubble size should be 2-4mm.     

Numerical simulation of gas flow process in mining-induced crack network

The exploitation of coal bed methane or coal gas is one of the most effective solutions of the problem of coal gas hazard. A better understanding of gas flow in mining-induced cracks plays an important role in comprehensive development and utilization of coal gas as well as prevention of coal gas hazard. This paper presents a case study of gas flow in mining-induced crack network regarding the situation of low permeability of coal seam. A two-dimensional physical model is constructed on the basis of geological background of mining face No. 1122(1) in coal seam No. 11-2, Zhangji Coal Mine, Huainan Mining Group Corporation. The mining-induced stress and cracks in overburden rocks are obtained by simulating an extraction in physical model. An evolution of mining-induced cracks in the process of advancing of coal mining face is characterized and three typical crack networks are taken from digital photos by means of image analysis. Moreover, the numerical software named COMSOL Multiphysics is employed to simulate the process of gas flow in three representative crack networks. Isograms of gas pressure at various times in mining-induced crack networks are plotted, suggesting a shape and dimension of gas accumulation area.     

急倾斜煤层开采诱发地表裂缝数值模拟

为了研究急倾斜煤层开采诱发地表裂缝的演化过程,探讨急倾斜煤层开采诱发地裂缝分布规律.利用可描述拉张破裂的有限元方法,对地表裂缝演化过程进行数值模拟.结果显示:最大拉应力集中在地表,地表优先于采空区破裂,采空区下山方向对应的地表一侧形成裂缝.急倾斜煤层开采地表和采空破裂的顺序与水平、倾斜煤层的破坏顺序相反.煤层倾角很陡时,地表先破裂到一定程度后,采空区才开始破裂.煤层倾角很缓或水平时,采空区先破裂,之后地表才破裂.     

碳纤维复合材料周铣加工过程的数值模拟研究

为了对碳纤维铣削过程进行研究,建立了碳纤维复合材料三维周铣加工的有限元计算模型,并研究了切削层简化及材料去除等建模关键技术。通过将周铣力施加到碳纤维复合材料的有限元计算模型,研究了铣削力对碳纤维复合材料的周铣加工过程。通过数值模拟获得了碳纤维复合材料铣削过程中的应力分布情况,数值模拟为碳纤维复合材料切削参数及刀具参数优化研究提供了参考。     

基于导波的圆管横向裂纹检测的数值模拟与试验

研究圆管上的超声导波的裂纹几何尺寸与回波反射特征间的映射关系.首先,建立5组周向角度与径向深度的裂纹管道的有限元仿真模型,用脉冲-回波的方法模拟L(0,2)模态波对管道横向裂纹进行检测,提取其裂纹反射系数特征值;其次,搭建导波检测系统,加工3组周向裂纹的圆管试样,分别用单探头与4个探头进行裂纹检测试验.分析表明:试验与仿真分析得到缺陷尺寸对反射系数的影响趋势吻合;能够检测到1m以外的裂纹,轴向定位误差小于10%;裂纹回波的反射系数随着损伤程度的增大而增大.本研究为基于导波对管道横向裂纹的定位与识别提供了参考.     

自诊断机敏水泥基材料力-电性能测试方法研究

用不同的方法对组分确定的机敏水泥基材料力-电性能进行测试,所得到的数据有很大的差别．通过对直流电路、直流电桥、交流电路及交流电桥等方法的分析比较,指出直流电路和电桥的方法不能消除机敏水泥基材料本身存在的极化,使得反映其力-电性能的阻抗趋于稳定;而交流电路和电桥方法则可以得到稳定的阻抗值．比较数字电桥在串联和并联等效方式下的交流阻抗结果可知,串联等效方式的交流阻抗值小且稳定性好．     

Effects of surface-activated coal gangue aggregates on properties of cement-based materials

Effects of calcined coal gangue （CG） aggregates treated by the surface thermal activation on the flowability and strength, and paste-CG aggregate interfaces of the cement-based material were investigated. The experimental results show that the compressive and flexural strength of the cement-based material with the calcined CG aggregates is much higher than that of the material with the natural CG aggregates, but the flowability of the material with calcined CG is significantly reduced with the calcined time. The strength of the material with the calcined CG aggregates only increases little with the calcined time at the same w/c ratio, but is reduced with the calcined time at the same flowability. The CG aggregates calcined by the surface thermal activation obviously overcomes the disadvantages of fully calcined CG.     

Numerical simulation on effects of embedded crack on rock fragmentation by a tunnel boring machine cutter

Based on the simplification of cutting process, a series of numerical simulations were conducted using a 2-D discrete element method to explore the effects of embedded cracks with different dip angles on the rock fragmentation process, cutting characteristics and breaking efficiency. The results show that the simulated results are in a good agreement with previous theoretical study. The main crack propagates to the top tip of embedded crack, except when the dip angle is 90°. Side cracks which are more fully developed in the rocks containing embedded cracks tend to propagate towards the free surface. According to the history of vertical cutting force, it is shown that the peak force is decreased by embedded cracks. The study on cutting efficiency was conducted by combining the quantity of crack and cutting energy. And the results show that breaking efficiency can be treated as a decreasing or a increasing function when the dip angle is less or larger than 30°, respectively. Breaking efficiency is higher than that in intact rock when the dip angle is larger than 45°.     

Hydration mechanism of low quality fly ash in cement-based materials

The hydration mechanism of low quality fly ash in cement-based materials was investigated. The hydration heat of the composite cementitious materials was determined by isothermal calorimetry, and the hydration products, quantity, pore structure and morphology were measured by X-ray diffraction(XRD), thermalgravity-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA), mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively. The results indicate that grinding could not only improve the physical properties of the low quality fly ash on particle effect, but also improve hydration properties of the cementitious system from various aspects compared with raw low quality fly ash(RLFA). At the early stage of hydration, the low quanlity fly ash acts as almost inert material; but then at the later stage, high chemical activity, especially for ground low quality fly ash(GLFA), could be observed. It can accelerate the formation of hydration products containing more chemical bonded water, resulting in higher degree of cement hydration, thus denser microstructure and more reasonable pore size distribution, but the hydration heat in total is reduced. It can also delay the induction period, but the accelerating period is shortened and there is little influence on the second exothermic peak.     

砌体受压开裂过程数值模拟及其力学特性研究

为了研究砌体开裂过程的力学行为,提出利用现代计算机技术的数值试验方法,将砌体看成是由块体、砂浆和二者间的黏结带构成的三相复合材料,采用最大拉应力准则和摩尔库仑准则作为损伤本构关系的损伤阀值,建立砌体开裂数值模型,应用复合材料破裂过程数值分析系统MFPA2D(M aterial Failure Process A-nalysis),从应力场活动图像出发,模拟了砌体受压试件从损伤到开裂破坏的力学行为.研究表明,数值试验结果与试件物理实验结果较为吻合,为砌体开裂机理研究和发展、砌体力学性能研究提供了新的技术路径.     

Self-healing Action of Permeable Crystalline Coating on Pores and Cracks in Cement-based Materials

The self-healing action of a permeable crystalline coating on the porous mortar was investigated by two times impermeability test. Moreover, the self-healing mechanism of cement-based materials with the permeable crystalline coating, was studied by SEM. The results indicate that the permeable crystalline coating not only seals the pores and cracks in mortar during its curing process, but also heals the permeable pathway caused by first impermeability test or cracks produced by freeze-thaw cycles . Therefore, cement-based materials can be improved by the permeable crystalline coating for the self-healing function. SEM images prove that the self-healing function is realized by generating a great quantity of non- soluble dendritic crystalline within the pores and cracks, which prevents the penetration of water and other liquids.     

掺纳米白炭黑对新拌和硬化水泥基材料性能的影响

通过TEM,SEM,BET和激光粒度分析测试,对比研究了沉淀法纳米白炭黑(precipitated silica,PS)与纳米SiO2微粉(nano-silica powder,NS)的纳米特性及其团聚特性,并通过流变、凝结时间、强度和氯离子渗透深度测定,研究了掺PS和NS对新拌和硬化水泥基材料性能的影响及机理.结果表明:PS的团聚程度远大于NS,未经球磨分散处理时呈双峰粒度分布,团聚颗粒粒径很大,D50和D90分别高达58.187 μm和105.326 μm,大大超过52.5水泥的颗粒粒度.NS掺量低于1.0％时对水泥净浆稠度影响不大,但PS掺量对净浆稠度有明显影响,低于0.75％时缓慢增长,超过1％时则明显增大.掺PS和NS均可促进水泥水化,在1.0％掺量范围内,随PS掺量增加,水泥砂浆的强度和抗氯离子渗透性能均可得以有效改善.     

Numerical simulation of shear band localization in geotechnical materials based on a nonlocal plasticity model

A new nonlocal plasticity model, which is based on the integral-type nonlocal model and the cubic representative volumetric element (RVE), is proposed to simulate shear band localization in geotechnical materials such as soils and rocks. An algorithm is developed to solve the resulting nonlinear system of equations. In this algorithm, the nonlocal averaging of plastic strain over the RVE is evaluated using C₀ elements instead of using C₁ elements to solve the second-order gradient of plastic strains. To obtain the average plastic strain, a set of special elements, called the nonlocal elements, are constructed to approximate the RVE. The updating of average stresses of the local element is based on the nonlocal plastic strain of the corresponding nonlocal elements. Numerical examples show that mesh-independent results can be achieved using the proposed model and the algorithm, and the thickness of the shear band is insensitive to the mesh refinement.

     

水泥基材料含水量评价方法研究

结合物理模型试验和数值模拟分析两种途径,研究水泥基材料含水量评价方法.应用超声检测技术和称重方法,建立水泥基材料内部含水量与超声波速之间的关系,提出由超声波速表达的含水量经验拟合公式.开展水泥基材料非饱和吸水物理模型试验,获得湿润前锋及吸水率、水分扩散系数函数等非饱和渗透参数.基于描述非饱和渗流运动的Richard方程,以及吸水模型试验得到的非饱和渗透参数,采用非饱和渗流数值分析方法,研究水泥基材料的湿润前锋及含水量,比较物理模型试验和数值分析结果,提出合理便捷的水泥基材料含水量评价方法.本研究对混凝土结构工程具有借鉴意义.     

Numerical simulation on heat transfer performance of vertical U-tube with different borehole fill materials

Heat exchange performance of vertical U-tube heat exchanger was studied with two different borehole fill materials and CFD software. Borehole surface temperature and water temperature distribution were simulated on the condition of continuous operation for 8 h in winter with inlet water temperature being 10 ℃. The results show that there is no obvious difference on heat exchanger performance between the two different borehole fill materials.     

注入钢液温度降低时中间包非稳态过程数值模拟

利用所建立的中间包非稳态传输过程数学模型对包浇注一个包次周期中中间包工作过程进行了数值模拟.在中间包非稳态过程模拟中首先采用稳态速度场和温度场作为计算的起始速度场和湿度场,以此为基础,完成一个包次浇注过程的计算后,用其所得物理场作为初始速度场和湿度场,进行中间包注入钢液温度降低所产生的非稳态过程模拟计算.模拟结果表明,这样处理更加逼近中间包的真实状态.通过对数值模拟结果的分析,发现在钢包一个包次浇注过程中,中间包中出现两次"流动逆转"和"温度逆转",且第一次逆转有利于中间包冶金功能的发挥,第二次逆转的作用相反,应设法避免和推迟中间包内第二次逆转现象的出现.     

复合型裂纹的扩展路径模拟及疲劳寿命预测

针对二维裂纹稳态扩展,基于位移外推,通过最小二乘法拟合得到应力强度因子数值计算方法;利用最大周向应力准则判断裂纹扩展方向,并得到作为裂纹失稳扩展判据的等效应力强度因子;通过Paris准则得到疲劳寿命预测数值方法。基于ANSYS软件平台,根据上述理论通过APDL编程建立了裂纹扩展路径模拟及疲劳寿命预测模型。该模型可根据裂尖位置进行参数化建模及网格自动划分。将3个典型算例仿真结果与相应解析解或实验结果进行比较,验证了该方法的正确性,为裂纹扩展路径模拟及疲劳寿命预测提供了一种有效的技术手段。