我国特种机器人的发展现状

我国的机器人开发研究工作，自“七五”以来，由于得到了国家计委、国家科委的资助而得以长足进步。国内各大专院校和科研院所都纷纷开展机器人的开发研究工作，大专院校的重点主要在机器人理论和基础技术的研究上：科研院所则更注重机器人的应用研究。但大家都围绕着机器人的工程应用目标进行开发研究．以工业机器人为主要开发目标，以便机器人技术能为国民经济的发展作出贡献。到90年代，特剐是在国家科委“863”计划的支持下，机器人的研究开发工作得到了更全面的发展。不仅工业机器人，而且在非制造环境应用的机器人也得到了国家的资助和支持。本就我国在“863—512智能机器人”主题支持下在特种机器人的开发上所取得的成果作一简要介绍。     

团结奋斗努力实现中国机器人产业化

一、中国机器人的发展历程 ８０年代中期,技术革命的第三次浪潮冲击着全世界,在这个浪潮中,机器人技术起着先锋作用,工业机器人总数每年以３０％以上的速度在增长,推动汽车工业形成全球规模的产业。在智能机器人的研究开发方面,美国国防部提出了自主地面车（ＡＬＶ）计划。欧洲尤里卡计划提出了自主机器人计划。日本通产省组织开展了在极限环境下作业的机器人计划。当时,我国机器人的研究和开发尚处于起步阶段,研究和应用的水平都较低。 鉴于上述国内外形势,我国将工业机器人和水下机器人的研究和开发列入了国家七五科技攻关计划,…     

我国工业机器人发展现状

研究开发现状１．概况我国现有机器人研究开发和应用工程单位２００多家 ,其中从事工业机器人研究和应用的有７５家,共开发生产各类工业机器人约８００台 ,９０%以上用于生产中 ,引进工业机器人做应用工程的约５００台。经过“七五”攻关和“八五”、“九五”、国家“八六三”计划支持的应用工程开发 ,我国第一代工业机器人设计、制造和应用技术已趋于成熟 ,近几年工业机器人的开发基本上是按用户需求结合应用工程进行的。一些大型工厂、公司 (如一汽、二汽、华录集团等 )在企业重组后 ,生产发展生机勃勃 ,由应用机器人的大户转向开发机器…     

我国机器人发展历程(企业部分)

前言 在20世纪80年代中期,我国机器人的研究和开发尚处于起步阶段,有200多个单位从事的是低水平的重复研究,我国没有一台机器人产品问世,更谈不上生产应用.国家"七·五"科技攻关计划将工业机器人开发列入了计划,由机械部等机构组织了点焊、弧焊、喷漆、搬运等工业机器人的技术攻关,主要立足于国产机器人的研究、开发和应用,特别是把应用作为考核的重要内容.这样就把机器人技术和用户紧密结合起来,使我国工业机器人在起步阶段就瞄准了实用化的方向.     

中国机器人发展概况及单位介绍

中国的工业机器人研究开发已有二十多年的历史，经过“七五”攻关及“八五”应用工程开发，目前我国从事机器人及其相关技术产品研制的单位近200家，研制生产的各类工业机器人有400台左右，全国机器人用户有500多家，工业机器人总应用台数超过1000台，其中进口机器人占三分之二以上，随着汽车行业、     

赴日考察报告

江苏省工业机器人考察团以省机械厅总师徐王全同志为团长一行五人,于1996年9月15日至9月28日赴日本福冈等地对日本工业机器人进行了考察。这次考察有三个目的:1.了解日本工业机器人的发展过程和趋势,探明日本机器人产业的形成过程,以及目前的开发、生产、应用情况;2深入分析、研究我省发展机器人的战略,切实推动我省工业机器人应用和研究开发的步伐;3.积极寻求发展工业机器人的国际合作途径。     

中国未来机器人产业之我见--访国内机器人产业知名企业家

自第一台机器人诞生至今，已走过了半个多世纪的历程，全球工业机器人的装机量已超过百万台，形成了一个巨大的机器人产业。同时，非制造业用机器人近几年也发展迅速，并逐步向实用化发展。中国从上世纪七十年代开始机器人的研究开发，此间起起伏伏，历经多个高潮与低谷，在技术上进展突出，但在机器人产业化方面收效不大。究其原因一是由于我国工业基础薄弱，机器人产业化中需要的许多关键原部件需要进口，从而导致国产机器人价格优势不明显；其次是我国的机器人市场一直处于培育期，难以有一个大的市场来支撑机器人产业化；第三则是我国缺少一贯和有效的机器人产业发展策略。     

能打硬仗的井下喷浆机器人

研制背景 煤矿井下环境恶劣,工人劳动强度大,伤亡率高,急需以机器人代替人工操作。我国已故著名机器人专家蒋新松院士多次指出,根据我国国情开发出特殊环境下工作的机器人技术,例如采矿机器人技术,将是我国发展工业机器人技术的突破口。1986年,山东矿业学院组织队伍,对“井下最需要什么样的机器人”进行了调查。通过调查人们一致认为,井下最需要的就是喷浆机器人。在各行业的喷浆中,矿山井下喷浆用得最多,而这种机器人的研制难度也最大。1988年山东矿业学院开始了喷浆机器人的研制工作,并于1993年初完成了试验样机。同年,智能机器人主题专家组决定立项资助“喷浆机器人工业性试验和改进设计”项目,到1996年7月,喷浆机器人产品样机通过了专家组验收,同年12月又通过了部级鉴定。     

中国工业机器人发展的若干问题

工业机器人是否应当成为当前我国产业以至国民经济发展的一个新的发展热点?本文就当前我国发展工业机器人问题进行了全面调查研究,对我国工业机器人的发展历史与现状、当前发展趋势、国内外市场和劳力转换等问题提出看法,其中涉及当前发展我国工业机器人的对策建议.为了我国工业机器人产业的健康和可持续发展,千万不要一哄而起,全民搞工业机器人!希望这些认识能够与同行和各界交流,并供政府主管部门决策参考.     

工业机器人控制系统的开放体系结构

本文分析研究了开放式机器人体系结构的研究进展，探讨了利用PC技术、现场总线（CAN）技术以及 多传感技术，研究开发开放的工业机器人控制系统的问题.最后介绍了我们具有自主版权的开放式AIASUN-06B工业机器人控制系统.􀁱     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。