全层状TiAl合金室温拉伸性能的影响因素

研究了显微组织和应变速率对全层状Ti-47Al-2Cr(at%)合金室温拉伸性能的影响，结果表明，全层状TiAl基合金的室温拉伸强度和室温延伸率随晶团尺寸和层片间距的减小而提高；其室温拉伸强度随应变速率的加快而提高；而应变速率对其室温延伸率的影响与显微组织相关，低延性全层状TiAl基合金的室温延伸率对应变速率不敏感，而高延性全层状TiAl基合金的室温延伸率对应变速率敏感，并随应变速率的加快而提高。     

纳米镁合金块体的制备及其力学性能

通过氢化-歧化-脱氢-重组,结合放电等离子体烧结以及热挤压技术,获得了平均晶粒尺寸约15 nm的纳米晶镁合金块体。纳米晶AZ91镁合金棒材的力学性能表征显示其室温拉伸强度高达267 MPa,同时也表明当晶粒尺寸小于20 nm时纳米晶镁合金具有特殊的力学行为,证明了一种反Hall-Petch关系的存在。     

粉末冶金TiAl基合金显微组织及力学性能的研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备多种成分的ＴｉＡｌ基合金,并研究其显微组织及室温、高温力学性能,结果表明,采用粉末冶金方法能制备成分均匀、显微组织细小的Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｂ系列合金。添加合金元素对粉末冶金ＴｉＡｌ基合金的显微组织具有显著影响。粉末冶金ＴｉＡｌ基合金的力学性能与其显微组织有密切的关系,显微组织越细小,其室温强度及延性越高,但在高温下,其屈服强度随晶粒尺寸增加而增加。所制备出的Ｔｉ－４７Ａｌ－３     

Fe3Al基合金室温塑性的改善

进行了不同成分、表面状态、相结构，显微结构的Ｆｅ３Ａｌ基合金在真空及气中的温拉伸试验，结果表明，与二元Ｆｅ３Ａｌ相比，本研究Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｓｉ等代位合金元素中，仅有Ｃｒ的添加提高真空室温拉伸伸长率。     

孔隙率对Ti-Al金属间化合物多孔材料拉伸性能的影响

采用元素混合粉偏扩散-反应合成-粉末烧结方法制备了Ti-Al金属间化合物多孔材料,对其进行了拉伸试验研究,分析其拉伸变形特征,揭示出孔隙率对拉伸性能的影响规律以及拉伸断裂微观机理。结果表明:Ti-Al多孔材料的拉伸应力-应变曲线大致可分为弹性、屈服、强化和破坏4个阶段,无颈缩现象;力学性能指标(如弹性模量、屈服极限和强度极限等)均随孔隙率的增大而减小,延伸率远低于5%,呈现出明显的室温脆性;断口特征宏观上表现为脆性断裂,微观上同时存在穿晶断裂与沿晶断裂,其断裂机理与Ti-Al金属间化合物致密体的显微组织密切相关。     

钨对Ti-22Al-20Nb-2W合金拉伸性能的影响

通过铌合金化改善Ti3Al合金的室温塑性时，人们发现高铌的加入使α2相转变成一种新有序正交相，该相以Ti2AlNb(O)为基。从此，O相作为有潜力的高温结构材料的相受到广泛关注。研究表明，O相为基的O β(B2)两相合金具有较好的综合性能。高强和室温塑性比α2基合金更有竞争力，高的比强度优于镍基超合金IN718。尽管如此，高于650℃时的拉伸强度显著降低，因而限制了其高温应用。相可溶解大量β稳定元素，因此，可通过合金化来提高(O β)两相合金。日本学者研究了钨合金化的Ti-22Al-20Nb-2W的高温拉伸性能。Ti-22Al-20Nb-2W合金采用非…     

提高TiAl基合金室温塑性的方法

TiAl基合金具有密度低、高温性能好等优点，但室温塑性低一直是阻碍TiAl基合金应用的重要原因。本文总结了TiAl基合金的室温塑性的主要影响因素，以及通过添加合金化元素、改善加工工艺等方法来控制显微组织、提高TiAl基金合金的室温塑性的研究进展。     

真空热压烧结TiAl基合金的显微组织及高温拉伸性能

采用名义成分为Ti-43Al-4Nb-1Mo-0.1B(原子分数,%)预合金粉末通过真空热压烧结工艺在1200～1325℃制备Ti Al基合金坯料。研究了烧结温度对Ti Al基合金组织及高温拉伸性能影响。结果表明,当烧结温度为1200、1275℃时,分别获得了近γ组织和双态组织,平均尺寸分别为3、5μm;烧结温度为1300、1325℃分别获得了近片层组织和全片层组织,片层晶团平均尺寸分别为70、120μm。四种组织的合金在800℃的抗拉强度均在500 MPa左右,近片层组织和全片层组织伸长率最佳,Ti Al基合金的拉伸断裂以脆断为主。     

添加Mn、Sc元素对Mg-9Gd-4Y合金组织和力学性能的影响

对MgGdYMn和MgGdYMnSc合金挤压成形,并对挤压合金热处理后的试样进行室温和高温拉伸实验.用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）等方法,研究添加Mn、Sc元素对该合金组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明：添加Mn元素能有效地提高Mg-9Gd-4Y合金形变细化晶粒的能力以及T6处理提高室温综合性能.添加Sc元素能提高合金的室温伸长率,但强度有所降低.添加Mn的合金在300℃拉伸时强度为200MPa,在400℃拉伸时显示出超塑性行为,而再添加Sc的合金在300℃拉伸时有超塑性表现.同时添加Mn和Sc的合金室温和高温强度下降.     

合金化对机电设备用镁合金性能的影响

在机电设备用Mg-Al-Zn系镁合金中添加了不同含量的合金化元素Sr或Ti,并进行了拉伸性能、耐磨损性能和抗疲劳性能的测试与分析。结果表明,添加适量的合金化元素Sr或Ti,尤其是复合添加Sr和Ti,可以提高Mg-Al-Zn系镁合金的拉伸性能、耐磨损性能和抗疲劳性能。与未添加合金元素相比,复合添加合金元素Sr和Ti可使其室温抗拉强度增加75 MPa、0℃抗拉强度增加95 MPa、室温磨损体积减少72.41%。     

Microstructural control and mechanical properties of dual-phase TiAl alloys

This paper summarizes our recent work on the effects of microstructural features on the mechanical properties of TiAl alloys prepared by powder and ingot metallurgy. TiAl alloys based on Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb (at%) were alloyed with small amounts of Ta, W, and B additions for control of alloy phases and microstructure. The alloys were processed by hot extrusion above and below T, followed by short- and long-term heat treatments at temperatures to 1350 °C in vacuum. The microstructural features in the lamellar structures were characterized by metallography, SEM and TEM, and the mechanical properties were determined by tensile tests at temperatures to 1000 °C. The tensile elongation at room temperature is mainly controlled by the colony size, showing an increase in ductility with decreasing colony size. The yield strength, on the other hand, is sensitive to the interlamellar spacing. Hall-Petch relationships hold well for both yield strength and tensile elongation at room and elevated temperatures. TiAl alloys with refined colony size and ultrafine lamellar structures possess excellent mechanical properties for structural applications at elevated temperatures.     

黄铜箔拉伸屈服强度的尺寸效应

为了研究金属箔的塑性变形性能与尺寸的相关性,在常温下对不同厚度和晶粒尺寸的黄铜箔试样进行了单向拉伸实验.结果表明:随着厚度或晶粒尺寸的减小,箔的屈服强度都会升高,晶粒尺寸对屈服强度的影响满足Hall-Petch细晶强化关系,厚度减小使屈服强度升高也可以主要归结于晶粒尺寸的减小.此外,当箔的厚度小于100 靘时,厚度/晶粒尺寸比不能表征屈服强度的尺寸效应.     

Defect susceptibility of sensile strength to microporosity variation in as-cast magnesium alloys with different grain sizes

The variability in the tensile strength of as-cast AM60 and AZ91 alloys was investigated in terms of the defect susceptibility to the variation in grain size and microporosity. The microporosity was measured from the quantitative fractography analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation on fractured surface after tensile test. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of both alloys can be characterized as a power law relationship to microporosity variation in terms of the defect susceptibility and maximum strength achievable in the defect-free condition. The defect susceptibility of tensile strength to microporosity variation is decreased remarkably with grain refinement. The defect susceptibility of AZ91 alloy to microporosity variation exhibits more sensitive dependence on the variation in grain size than AM60 alloy. Also, the dependence of UTS on the variation in grain size is described as a power law relationship for various levels of microporosity. The variation on effective void area fraction by the damage evolution of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase may introduce a practically significant decrease of load bearing capacity, less than by microporosity variation. The Hall-Petch relation of both alloys in the defect-free condition could be suggested as maximum values of friction stress and locking parameter.     

不同冷速对TC4钛合金组织和性能的影响

对TC4钛合金进行了不同冷速的热处理,得到了不同层次（晶粒、丛域、片层）的显微组织,建立了以片层组织尺寸为基础的Hall-Petch关系。结果表明：随着冷却速率的增加,片层细化,对应的屈服强度和抗拉强度逐渐升高,塑性逐渐降低。片层尺寸和力学性能之间较好地吻合Hall-Petch关系,是影响力学性能的主要特征参量。     

超细晶铁素体钢的力学性能及成形性能研究

采用形变强化铁素体相变超细晶轧制工艺,获得了750MPa级超细晶铁素体钢板,其超细晶铁素体体积比高达93%,晶粒尺寸仅为1μm,并具有优异的成形性能。对超细晶铁素体钢组织的精细分析发现,因铁素体晶界随晶粒超细化而减薄,使得其晶界对材料的力学性能具有双重影响,一方面,屈服强度随着晶界总长度的增加而提高;另一方面,又因晶界减薄而降低。研究表明,超细晶铁素体钢的组织性能关系虽然与霍尔-佩奇关系相吻合,但存在较大偏差,主要表现为斜率显著下降。文章对斜率下降的原因进行了机理分析。     

钛含量对铌钛微合金化钢强度的影响

通过试验，研究了钛含量变化对铌钛微合金化钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着钛含量增加，铌钛微合金化钢中的贝氏休体积分数对钢材屈服强度的影响程度没有明显变化，而Hall-Petch关系斜率减小。同时，对铌钛微合金化钢的强度计算模型进行了修正。     

添加硼对铸造Ti-46.5Al-8Nb合金组织和性能的影响

全片层Ti-46.5Al-8Nb合金中添加硼(≤0.7%,原子分数)的显微组织观察表明,细化组织的临界硼含量约为0.5%(原子分数).细化机制与凝固前沿硼产生了附加的成分过冷和硼化物钉扎晶界双重机制有关.由于硼减小了片层形成所需要的过冷度,片层间距随硼含量的增加而增加,片层间距λ与晶粒尺寸d-1/2符合线性关系.添加硼的Ti-46.5Al-8Nb合金的α2相体积分数越高,硬度也越高.合金的断裂强度和延伸率随硼含量增加而增加.室温断裂强度与晶粒尺寸符合Hall-Petch关系.     

热处理对NiTi形状记忆合金力学性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺对50.8at%NiTi形状记忆合金力学性能的影响。通过对NiTi合金试样在不同温度下进行固溶处理和时效处理并进行单向拉伸试验,得到试样的屈服强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量和泊松比等力学性能参数。通过光学显微镜对热处理前后试样的显微组织进行观察,估算其晶粒尺寸,并利用Hall-Petch理论分析了试样的晶粒尺寸对屈服强度的影响。研究发现将NiTi合金先进行固溶处理,再进行时效处理,其力学性能改善较为明显。为NiTi 形状记忆合金的工程应用提供了试验依据,有利于扩大该合金的工程应用范围。     

Grain Size-Dependent Mechanical Properties of a High-Manganese Austenitic Steel

The effect of grain size on the mechanical properties of a high-manganese(Mn) austenitic steel was investigated via electron-backscattered diffraction, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and tensile and impact tests at 25 °C and-196 °C. The Hall–Petch strengthening coefficients for the yield strength of the high-Mn austenitic steels were 7.08 MPa mm 0.5 at 25 °C, which increased to 14 MPa mm 0.5 at -196 °C. The effect that the grain boundary strengthening had on improving the yield strength at-196 °C was better than that at 25 °C. The impact absorbed energies and the tensile elongations were enhanced with the increased grain size at 25 °C, while they remained nearly unchanged at -196 °C. The unchanged impact absorbed energies and the tensile elongations were primarily attributed to the emergence of the micro-twin at -196 °C, which promoted the cleavage fracture in the steels with large-sized grains. Refining the grain size could improve the strength of the high-Mn austenitic steels without impairing their ductility and toughness at low temperature.     

Characterization of the High-Strength Mg–3Nd–0.5Zn Alloy Prepared by Thermomechanical Processing

Magnesium alloys based on Nd and Zn are promising materials for both aviation industry and medical applications.Superior mechanical properties of these materials can be achieved by thermomechanical processing such as extrusion or rolling and by aging treatment, which can significantly strengthen the alloy. The question remains especially about the connection of texture strength created in the alloys based on the specific conditions of preparation. This work focuses on the Mg–3 Nd–0.5 Zn magnesium alloy prepared by hot extrusion of the as-cast state at two different temperatures combined with heat pre-treatment. Extrusion ratio of 16 and rate of 0.2 mm/s at 350 and 400 °C were selected for material preparation. The structures of prepared materials were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of microstructure on mechanical properties was evaluated. Obtained results revealed the strong effect of thermal pre-treatment on final microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded materials. The Hall–Petch relation between grain size and tensile yield strength has been suggested in this paper based on the literature review and presented data. The observed behavior strongly supports the fact that the Hall–Petch of extruded Mg–3Nd–0.5 Zn alloys with different texture intensities cannot be clearly estimated and predicted. In addition, Hall–Petch relations presented in literature can be sufficiently obtained only for fraction of the Mg–3Nd–0.5 Zn alloys.