二株假单胞菌降解生物质气化洗焦废水COD的特性研究

为了使生物质气化中产生的洗焦废水得到循-环使用，首先用木屑、活性炭过滤预处理，滤液用菌种Pseudomonas SP1和Pseudomonas SP2进行进一步好氧降解。结果表明，COD浓度小于1800mg／L，采用两种菌降解颗粒活性炭过滤后的洗焦废水，均达到了理想的降解效果。SP1和SP2的COD去除率分别为73．2％和82．9％，SP2的降解效果明显好于SP1。当SP1和SP2等量混合降解颗粒活性炭过滤后的洗焦废水时，COD去除率达到98．1％。然后用生物膜反应器处理未经过滤预处理的生物质气化洗焦废水，经挂膜和增菌后，反应器可得到稳定和高效的运转，进水浓度1800mg／L，水滞留期保持在36h，洗焦废水的COD去除率为89％，苯、萘、酚、蒽、喹啉和异喹啉的去除率达到了理想的效果。     

降解生物质气化焦油废水菌种的分离筛选

选育高效降解生物质气化焦油废水的微生物一直是生物法处理焦油废水的难点和关键问题。通过选择性培养基的分离、解脂酶活性的测定及对不同浓度焦油废水的降解试验，从沈阳郊区秸秆气化站的生物质气化焦油废水中筛选出了4株降解能力较高的菌株。在焦油废水含量为100ml／l时，4株菌株的COD去除率均大于50％，最高可达80.14％。     

生物质气化洗焦废水COD和毒性化合物的高效降解

生物质气化发电厂洗焦废水含有高浓度的COD和毒性化合物,以颗粒活性炭为固定介质,接种Pseudo-monas sp1和Pseudomonas sp2混合菌种,采用固定化细胞反应器,研究对生物质气化洗焦废水COD和毒性化合物的去除效果。结果表明,在反应器的高效运转阶段,进水COD 3500-4100mg.L-1,HRT 24h,平均COD去除率达到96.51%,出水中有毒化合物苯、萘、菲、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉等的浓度不可测出。该两种菌经颗粒活性炭固定,可高效去除生物质气化发电厂洗焦废水中的COD和有毒化合物,达到了较好的去除效果。     

可见光响应型改性纳米二氧化钛催化降解生物质气化洗焦废水

制备了可见光响应型改性纳米二氧化钛催化剂,用于处理生物质气化洗焦废水,考察了催化剂改性方式对苯酚和洗焦废水COD去除的影响。实验结果表明：以Ag-C/TiO2为催化剂,在可见光下照射10 h,苯酚的COD去除率可达43.5%,洗焦废水的COD去除率达26.8%;在太阳光下照射36 h,洗焦废水的COD去除率达到90.9%。改性纳米Ag-C/TiO2催化剂在可见光下具有良好的催化活性,对洗焦废水有较好的处理效果。     

单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池处理模拟生活废水同步产电研究

以某生活污水处理站厌氧池活性污泥为混合菌种,以葡萄糖为模拟生活废水,构建单室微生物燃料电池.利用微生物燃料电池实验生活废水降解与同步产电.实验结果表明:当葡萄糖浓度控制10mmol·L-1,pH值为7,温度控制在35℃时,其输出电压最大为0.486V,COD去除率最高为46.11％.微生物燃料电池(MFC)具有最佳的电化学性能.     

微生物电解池处理PTA废水及同步产氢的研究

将微生物电解池应用于PTA废水的处理,系统研究PTA降解程度及同步产氢情况,并通过伏安曲线对电子传递机制进行研究。实验结果表明,微生物电解池可实现PTA废水的同步处理及产氢,当底物COD浓度为1000mg/L时,在外加电压0.900V的条件下,微生物电解池运行43h后,TA降解率和COD去除率分别为92.0%和80.3%,氢气产率为0.04m3/(m3·d),库仑效率为29%。     

废矿物油再生工艺废水处理工艺的研究

本文对废矿物油再生生产工艺废水采用物化+生化处理工艺进行研究.根据工程经验,采用活性污泥法经过驯化后能够逐渐适应该高浓度难降解石化类有机废水.当生化处理系统的进水COD浓度控制在3000mg/L以内时,COD的去除率能够稳定在85％以上.     

微生物燃料电池处理养猪废水实验研究

针对养猪废水COD浓度大和可生化性强的特点,建立微生物燃料电池处理养猪废水,考察微生物燃料电池对COD去除效果,研究不同pH值和电导率对微生物燃料电池去除养猪废水COD影响。结果表明,当COD浓度从1325mg/L增加到9020mg/L,电池输出电量从9.7C增加到44.1C;调节养猪废水pH为6.5、8.4和10.2,NaCl溶液控制三组实验电导率为3300μs/cm,微生物燃料电池最大输出电压分别为288mV、366mV和450mV,COD去除率为58.4%、60.8%和76.4%;pH为10.2,投加NaCl浓度分别为(0、150和300)mmol/L,废水COD去除率分别为61.6%、67.0和68.4%。     

双菌混合降解生物质气化焦油废水的试验研究

采用实验室筛选和保存的F4和X11菌株,对生物质气化洗涤废水中的COD和焦油降解情况进行研究,考察温度、pH和时间对降解效果的影响。结果表明,F4和X11两种菌混合的降解效果要高于单菌的降解效果,在温度为30℃,pH为5.5时,COD和焦油降解率较高,分别为88.64/和80.85/。     

生物质气化工艺废水特征及预处理实验研究

对生物质气化中试现场产生的废水进行了水质及水量特征分析,针对生物质气化工艺废水固体颗粒含量高、有机物浓度高、难生化降解、废水增量少的特点,采取减压蒸馏及芬顿氧化对生物质气化废水进行预处理。实验结果表明,在85 ~ 90℃、真空度 -0.07 ~ -0.095 MPa减压蒸馏条件下,废水COD、NH₄-N脱除率分别为74.38%、94.46%;在Fe²⁺-H₂O₂体系中,考察了H₂O₂与废水质量比、H₂O₂与Fe²⁺摩尔比、反应时间、H₂O₂浓度对COD、NH₄-N、TOC、TN等的影响,当H₂O₂与废水质量比为8.40%时,可将减压蒸馏蒸出液COD从2.05 × 10⁴ mg/L降至4.11 × 10³ mg/L,NH₄⁺-N从143 mg/L降至11.1 mg/L。     

三维电解强化木醋液废水可生化性

该文主要研究不同有机负荷发酵条件下废水的毒性作用规律,并考察三维电解技术的解毒效果.实验结果表明,随着有机负荷的升高,产甲烷活性抑制程度逐渐增强且COD去除率急剧降低,在4 g COD/L时产甲烷抑制率达到38.2％.结合高通量测序技术对发酵过程中细菌和古菌进行分析,发现微生物菌群结构发酵前后变化较为明显.而经优化的三...     

喀麦隆啤酒废水厌氧生物处理的研究

为了经济有效的控制喀麦降啤酒厂的有机废水污染,选用上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器,进行了常温厌氧生物处理的试验,结果表明,当地平均气温22．6℃,足以维持反应器的正常工作,但应采取措施降低温度的昼夜波动,糖化废水,发醇废水和啤酒过滤废水混合处理的效果优于各自单独处理,处理混合废水时,适宜的进水COD浓度为11000mg/L左右,适宜的容积COD负荷为12.50g/(L.d),适宜的水力停留时间为1天,在此条件下,COD去除率可达89％以上,容积COD去除率11.76g/(L.d),容积沼气产率4.06L／（L.d),试验证实,采用常温USASB工艺是可行的。     

Biological stoichiometric analysis of nutrition and ammonia toxicity in thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of organic substrates under different organic loading rates

This study used chemostats under different Organic Loading Rates (OLRs) to investigate the co-digestion of kitchen waste, swine wastewater sludge, and fruit and vegetable waste. In kitchen waste, mean Total Chemical Oxygen Demand (TCOD), Oil and Grease (O&G), and moisture content (MC) was 101.5 g/L, 33.0 g/L, and 82.7%, respectively. The TCOD/Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) and TCOD/Total Phosphorus (TP) of kitchen waste were 319.5 and 230, respectively. In swine wastewater sludge, TCOD/TKN was 4.56–43.9 and TCOD/TP was 2.02–31.8. Biodegradability tests of fruit and vegetable waste showed that COD removal exceeded 56%, and methane recovery exceeded 80%. Co-digestion of these three organic wastes in chemostats suggests that the system functioned stably up to an OLR of 9.52 g COD/L-d at a Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 5 days. When the OLR increased to 12.54 g COD/L-d, average COD and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) removal efficiencies decreased from 90% to 76.5% and from 93% to 76.5%, respectively. The analyzed NH₃–N concentration is 28% less than the stoichiometry-predicted concentration. The discrepancy may be due to differences in substrate biodegradabilities, TKN sampling and analysis procedures, and parameters used for stoichiometry calculations.     

An approach of auxiliary carbohydrate source on stabilized biohythane production and energy recovery by two-stage anaerobic process from swine manure

In this study, a two-stage biohythane production system was used to treat swine manure to solve the high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentration and verify the total energy recovery between the two-stage and a traditional single-stage system. Experiments were carried out in single-stage methane production, two-stage biohythane production in long Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), and short HRT. The COD removal efficiency and energy recovery were finally compared between single-stage (CH₄ fermenter) and two-stage (H₂+ CH₄ fermenter) systems. The results showed that the methane production rate of 53.2 ± 2.7 mL/d.L, the COD removal efficiency of 29.6 ± 5.8%, and total energy recovery of 2.9 ± 0.1 kJ/L.d was obtained in the single-stage of methane production system with HRT 11.08 d, pH 7, and temperature 55 °C, respectively. In the two-stage of hydrogen and methane productions system, the hydrogen production rate of 1.8 ± 0.7 mL/d.L, the methane production rate of 65.7 ± 2.5 mL/d.L, the COD removal rate was 97.8 ± 1.7%, and the total energy recovery of 3.6 ± 0.1 kJ/L.d was obtained and stabilized when the sugary wastewater content gradually reduced to 0%. This study shows that the methane production rate increases 20%, COD removal efficiency increases to 97.8 ± 1.7%, and total energy recovery increases 30%. At the same time, the single-stage (CH₄ fermenter) switched to a two-stage (H₂+ CH₄ fermenter) system. The two-stage anaerobic biohythane production system successfully treated the high organic swine manure and obtained a higher energy recovery against the traditional single-stage of the biomethane production system.     

Biohydrogen production from wastewater by Clostridium beijerinckii: Effect of pH and substrate concentration

An investigation of biological hydrogen production from glucose by Clostridium beijerinckii was conducted in a synthetic wastewater solution. A study examining the effect of initial pH (range 5.7–6.5) and substrate loading (range 1–3 g COD/L) on the specific conversion and hydrogen production rate has shown interaction behaviour between the two independent variables. Highest conversion of 10.3 mL H₂/(g COD/L) was achieved at pH of 6.1 and glucose concentration of 3 g COD/L, whereas the highest production rate of 71 mL H₂/(h L) was measured at pH 6.3 and substrate loading of 2.5 g COD/L. In general, there appears to be a strong trend of increasing hydrogen production rate with an increase in both substrate concentration and pH. Butyrate (14–63%), formate (10–45%) and ethanol (16–40%) were the main soluble products with other volatile fatty acids and alcohols present in smaller quantities.     

醋酸乙酯车间废水的预处理研究

在国内主要采用酯化法生产醋酸乙酯,当采用间歇操作时,会导致反应釜需要定时清理,产生高浓度有机酸性废水即车间废水。介绍了处理类似废水的各种方法,并通过试验考察了投加不同碱剂,在不同搅拌速度、pH值下对COD去除率的影响。试验结果表明,调节车间废水pH值的最佳碱剂为Ca(OH)2,最佳pH值为9.0,最佳搅拌强度为60r/min,COD去除率最高为30.77%。     

Lipid production in mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in a mixture of primary and secondary municipal wastewater

Microalgae's biomass productivity and oil content depend heavily on the method of its cultivation. In this study, nutrient removal from municipal wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris in batch culture was investigated. Carbon dioxide was supplied from sodium hydrogen carbonate. Effect of parameters including light intensity, sodium hydrogen carbonate concentration, and daily illumination time on the productivity of biomass and lipid was investigated. Lipid and biomass production of C. vulgaris increased at higher concentration of sodium hydrogen carbonate concentration and higher light intensity until a certain value and then decreased, but longer daily illumination time, increased both biomass and lipid productivity. Cultivation of C. vulgairs in mixotrophic mode was also studied in a mixture of primary and secondary wastewater with different ratios (25, 50 and 75 volume percent of the primary wastewater). It was observed that using 25% of the primary wastewater results in 100% COD removal, 100% ammonium removal and 82% nitrate elimination. Biomass productivity and lipid productivity of C. vulgaris in a mixture of primary (25%) and secondary wastewater were 138.76 mg/L/d and 45.49 mg/L/d, respectively.     

Treatment of dairy wastewater using anaerobic and solar photocatalytic methods

The present study was aimed to treat the dairy wastewater by using anaerobic and solar photocatalytic oxidation methods. The anaerobic treatment was carried out in a laboratory scale hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (HUASB) with a working volume of 5.9 L. It was operated at organic loading rate (OLR) varying from 8 to 20 kg COD/m³ day for a period of 110 days. The maximum loading rate of the anaerobic reactor was found to be 19.2 kg COD/m³ day and the corresponding chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal at this OLR was 84%. The anaerobically treated wastewater at an OLR of 19.2 kg COD/m³ day was subjected to secondary solar photocatalytic oxidation treatment. The optimum pH and catalyst loading for the solar photochemical oxidation was found to be 5 and 300 mg/L, respectively. The secondary solar photocatalytic oxidation using TiO₂ removed 62% of the COD from primary anaerobic treatment. Integration of anaerobic and solar photocatalytic treatment resulted in 95% removal of COD from the dairy wastewater. The findings suggest that anaerobic treatment followed by solar photo catalytic oxidation would be a promising alternative for the treatment of dairy wastewater.