羽毛蛋白接枝共聚物对涤/棉经纱的上浆性能

为解决羽毛蛋白浆料对高比例含涤纶纱线上浆性能不佳的问题,在单体浓度相同的情况下,通过将不同量比的丙烯酸甲酯(MA)和丙烯酸(AA)单体共同接枝到天然羽毛蛋白的分子链上,制备出一系列具有不同分子结构的羽毛蛋白-丙烯酸-丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物。以此系列羽毛蛋白接枝共聚物对涤/棉(65/35)经纱进行浆纱实验,测试了浆纱的增强率、减伸率、耐磨次数及毛羽数量。结果表明:适量引入聚丙烯酸甲酯(PMA)接枝支链有利于提高羽毛蛋白对高比例涤/棉纱的上浆性能;与原纱相比,当MA与AA的量比为20∶80时,合成出的羽毛蛋白接枝共聚物浆料保持了良好的水溶性,涤/棉浆纱的强度提高了19.27%,断裂伸长率仅降低了19.76%,耐磨次数达到原纱的2倍有余,毛羽数量亦大为降低。     

接枝羽毛蛋白明胶混合浆料上浆性能研究

探讨接枝改性羽毛蛋白明胶混合浆料的共混比对其上浆性能的影响。通过将亲水性乙烯基单体丙烯酸接枝到天然羽毛蛋白的分子链上,制备出中性条件下可溶于水的接枝羽毛蛋白;测试了此类型羽毛蛋白与明胶浆料不同混比下,对棉纤维的黏附性能与浆膜的力学性能;并对纯棉经纱进行上浆试验,测试了浆纱的拉伸断裂强力、断裂伸长、耐磨性能及毛羽数量。结果表明:随着接枝羽毛蛋白所占比例的增加,混合浆料对棉纤维的黏附性、纯棉浆纱的增强率逐渐提高,纯棉浆纱的减伸率和毛羽数量逐渐下降,浆膜的力学性能、浆纱的耐磨性也下降。认为:接枝羽毛蛋白明胶混合浆料可改善纯棉浆纱质量。     

含羧基的支链链节结构对接枝改性羽毛蛋白上浆性能的影响

考察几种常用含羧基的乙烯基接枝单体对接枝改性羽毛蛋白浆料上浆性能的影响。在K2S2O8/NaHSO3氧化还原体系的引发下,将丙烯酸(AA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)及衣康酸(IA)单体分别接枝到天然羽毛蛋白的分子链上,制得接枝率相近而接枝支链分子结构不同的改性羽毛蛋白。然后采用3种接枝改性羽毛蛋白对纯棉经纱进行上浆实验,测试浆纱的增强率、减伸率、耐磨性和毛羽数量。结果表明,当选用AA作为接枝单体时,所得改性羽毛蛋白浆出的纱线性能较为优异。     

接枝改性壳聚糖/淀粉混合浆料配伍对棉纱的上浆性能研究

为了解决淀粉浆料因其分子结构固有缺陷所导致的浆纱减伸率大、耐磨性不良等多项使用问题,通过将新型生物基浆料壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物以不同的质量比与酸解淀粉共混,针对纯棉经纱进行上浆试验,测试了浆纱的强伸度、耐磨性及毛羽数量。结果显示,当接枝改性壳聚糖与淀粉的共混比例达到30∶70时,浆纱的力学性能显著提高,毛羽数量大为减少,已能较好满足织造过程对纯棉浆纱的品质要求。     

接枝改性田菁胶浆料对涤棉纱的上浆性能研究

针对天然田菁胶上浆过程中黏度过高、对高比例含涤纱线上浆性能不佳等使用问题,通过将不同浓度的丙烯酸甲酯接枝到天然田菁胶的分子链上,制备出不同接枝率的田菁胶-丙烯酸甲酯接枝共聚物浆料。分别采用天然田菁胶与接枝改性田菁胶对涤/棉65/35 13.0 tex纱进行上浆试验,测试了浆纱的各项性能。结果表明:接枝改性田菁胶对涤棉纱的上浆性能显著优于天然田菁胶,当改性田菁胶的接枝率为18.70%时,各项浆纱性能达到最佳。认为:所制备的接枝改性田菁胶能够满足涤棉纱浆纱需求。     

田菁胶的接枝改性及其纺织上浆应用

为弥补天然高分子田菁胶的性能缺陷,以田菁胶为原料进行化学改性,探索其是否适宜用作浆料的衍生物.将天然高分子田菁胶通过NaClO氧化降解后与丙烯酸进行接枝,并对其黏度、断裂强度、毛羽指数、耐磨性能等指标进行测试.研究结果表明:改性后胶液稳定性更好,黏度由降解前1％时的1 000 mPa·s降至15 mPa·s左右;该接枝改性田菁胶对涤棉、纯棉的黏附性能更加优异;使用接枝改性田菁胶上浆后的浆纱在断裂强度、断裂伸长率、毛羽指数、耐磨性能等方面都有较大的改善,可应用于纺织上浆.     

含聚丙烯酸酯支链的接枝田仁粉上浆性能

为将田仁粉(SG)浆料的纱线适用品种拓展至高比例含涤纱,考察常用丙烯酸酯单体的碳链长度对接枝改性田仁粉上浆性能的影响。采用Fenton试剂为引发剂,将4种具有不同碳链长度的丙烯酸酯单体分别接枝到天然田仁粉的分子链上,制得接枝率相近而接枝支链分子结构各有不同的改性田仁粉。然后,采用此系列接枝改性田仁粉对涤/棉(65/35)混纺纱进行上浆试验并测试浆纱的常用性能。结果表明：随着丙烯酸酯单体碳链长度的减小,所得接枝田仁粉浆出的涤/棉纱的断裂强力逐渐提高,断裂伸长率及毛羽数量则有所降低;以丙烯酸乙酯为接枝单体合成出的改性田仁粉浆纱的耐磨性最优。采用不同碳链长度的丙烯酸酯单体制备出的接枝改性田仁粉对高比例含涤纱上浆可满足织造工序对于浆纱不同方面的性能要求。     

丙烯酸/丙烯酸乙酯单体配伍对淀粉接枝共聚物浆料上浆性能的影响

考察丙烯酸(AA)/丙烯酸乙酯(EA)接枝单体配伍对烯丙基醚化预处理型淀粉-丙烯酸-丙烯酸乙酯接枝共聚物[AS-g-P(AA-EA)]上浆性能的影响。通过将丙烯酸与丙烯酸乙酯单体以不同物质的量比进行配伍,在Fenton′s体系引发下与烯丙基醚化淀粉发生接枝共聚合反应,制得一系列具有不同分子结构接枝支链的改性淀粉。采用该系列淀粉对涤/棉混纺纱进行上浆试验,测试了浆纱的强伸性、耐磨性、毛羽数量。结果表明,当n(AA)/n(EA)=3/7时,所浆出的涤/棉经纱性能较为优异。     

磷酸酯接枝淀粉用于棉涤纱上浆的效果

研究磷酸酯接枝淀粉的上浆性和环保性.采用自制的磷酸酯接枝淀粉对棉涤55/45混纺纱进行了上浆试验,测试了浆纱强伸性能、毛羽数、耐磨性和渗透、被覆性以及浆料的退浆率和BOD5/CODcr值,并与PVA浆料进行了对比.结果显示:与PVA浆纱相比,磷酸酯接枝淀粉浆出的棉涤纱增强率较高、减伸率较大、增磨率较低、毛羽降低率略高,环保性较好.认为磷酸酯接枝淀粉基本可取代PVA用于棉涤纱的上浆.     

接枝淀粉接枝率与浆纱性能的关系

探讨接枝率与接枝淀粉上浆性能的关系.测试了不同接枝率的接枝淀粉的浆液黏度,并用接枝淀粉对涤/棉65/35 13tex纱进行上浆,研究了接枝淀粉接枝率与浆纱断裂强力、断裂伸长率、耐磨增强率、毛羽降低率之间的关系.结果表明:随着接枝率的增大,除浆纱断裂伸长率呈现持续增大的趋势外,断裂强力、耐磨增强率、毛羽降低率均呈现先增大后降低的趋势;当接枝淀粉的接枝率为16%～18%时,浆纱综合性能较好.     

Effects of graft modification on the water solubility,apparent viscosity,and adhesion of feather keratin for warp sizing

Biodegradable and inexpensive sizing agents were developed through graft polymerization of native feather keratin with acrylic acid (AA). Feathers are available in large quantities at low price and more than 80% of them are keratin. However, poor water solubility of native feather keratin under neutral condition greatly limits the use of feather keratin as warp sizes in textile industry. In the investigation, effects of graft modification on the properties of feather keratin were studied in terms of water solubility, apparent viscosity, and adhesion to fibers. It was found that grafting appropriate amounts of AA monomers onto the molecular chains of feather keratin was an effective method to improve the water solubility of feather keratin under neutral condition. The modification could make the grafted feather keratin obtain better sizing properties than native feather keratin and serve for more fiber variety of yarns as a new bio-based sizing agent.     

Effects of monomer compatibility on sizing properties of feather keratin-g-P(AA-co-MA)

In order to endow feather keratin with good sizing properties for all-polyester or high-polyester yarns, methyl acrylate (MA) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers with a variation in feed molar ratio from 10/90 to 30/70 were grafted onto the molecular chains of native feather keratin under equal monomer concentration. Effects of monomer compatibility of MA/AA on sizing properties of the feather keratin-g-P(AA-co-MA) were studied in terms of apparent viscosity, contact angle of sizing paste on polyester fibers, mechanical properties of sizing film, and adhesion to polyester fibers. It was found that grafting MA & AA monomers with rational compatibility onto the molecular chains of feather keratin was an effective method to improve sizing properties of grafted feather keratin, such as adhesion to polyester fibers and toughness of sizing film. In view of overall performance of the grafted feather keratin sizes, the appropriate feed molar ratio of MA/AA should be 20/80.     

Tailoring a New Sizing Agent via Structural Modification of Pregelled Starch Molecules Part 1: Carboxymethylation and Grafting

Pregelled starch (PS) was subjected to acid hydrolysis using phosphoric acid to prepare pregelled starches having different molecular sizes. The degraded pregelled starches were carboxymethylated at different reaction times. The carboxymethyl derivatives were grafted with either methacrylamide (MAam) or methacrylonitrile (MAN) as vinyl monomers using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator. Suitability of the new graft derivatives of pregelled starch as sizing agent of cotton yarns was studied. It is shown by the data that the extent of carboxymethylation, expressed as carboxyl content, increases by increasing the extent of hydrolysis and reaction time. Furthermore, the graft yield, expressed as mmol MAam or MAN monomer/100 g graft copolymer (grafted carboxymethylated pregelled starch or grafted carboxymethylated hydrolyzed pregelled starch) increases with increasing extent of carboxymethylation and degree of hydrolysis and follows the order: MAam > MAN. In addition cotton yarns sized with grafted carboxymethylated hydrolyzed pregelled starch – irrespective of the grafting monomer used – have better mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, and abrasion resistance) than hydrolyzed pregelled starches, carboxymethylated pregelled starch and carboxymethylated hydrolyzed pregelled starches.     

基于毛羽图像检测的浆纱抗起毛性能评价

为准确检测织造载荷作用前后浆纱的毛羽及有效表征浆纱的抗起毛性能,提出一种基于毛羽量图像检测的浆纱抗起毛性能评价方法.对纯棉14.5 tex的原纱和3种不同上浆率的浆纱,在JN-01浆纱耐磨性能测试仪上模拟织造载荷,并进行不同载荷次数的摩擦起毛实验.起毛后的纱线经图像采集、纱线主干分割、毛羽分割和主摩擦区间定位等处理后,...     

聚氧乙烯相对分子质量对预氧化聚丙烯腈纤维短纤经纱上浆性能的影响

为开发预氧化聚丙烯腈（POPAN）纤维的纯纺短纤单纱织物,规避POPAN长丝织物及混纺织物的缺陷,采用上浆的方式来解决纯POPAN短纤经纱的织造难题,提高其可织性,通过织造来生产纯POPAN短纤单纱织物。选用聚氧乙烯（PEO）作为浆料,研究PEO相对分子质量对纯POPAN短纤经纱上浆性能的影响,探索浆液黏度、黏附力、浆膜性能、浆纱增强率、减伸率、耐磨性、毛羽降低率及退浆效率随PEO相对分子质量改变而变化的规律。结果表明,在一定范围内提高PEO的相对分子质量,有助于提高其上浆性能,改善纯POPAN短纤经纱的可织性。从PEO的黏度特性、黏附性、退浆性、浆膜及浆纱性能等方面综合考虑,用于纯POPAN短纤经纱上浆的PEO其相对分子质量在1.0 ×10⁵ ～1.5 ×10⁵ 范围内为宜。     

上浆剂对国产碳化硅纤维表面及其织造性能的影响

为研究添加不同含量的水性环氧上浆剂以及上浆剂含固量对碳化硅（SiC）纤维表面以及SiC纤维束织造性能的影响,对纤维束进行了二次表面上浆处理。测试了SiC纤维束的耐磨性、强伸性以及柔软性等适编性能。结果表明：与未二次上浆和由E-0、E-10、E-20上浆剂上浆的SiC纤维束相比,经E-15上浆剂上浆后的SiC 纤维束耐磨性能最好, 柔软性也较好;上浆剂的含固量对纤维表面形貌影响较大;用含固量为9%的E-15上浆剂上浆后的纤维表面浆膜更为完整光滑,同时SiC 纤维束的断裂强度较未二次上浆处理的提高了180%,说明此含固量为最适合的E-15上浆剂含固量。     

Effects of graft modification on apparent viscosity,adhesion, and film properties of sesbania gum for warp sizing

Abstract

In order to solve such utilization problems as excessively high apparent viscosity of sizing paste and poor adhesion to polyester fibers, caused by macromolecular inherent defects of native sesbania gum (SG), various amounts of methyl acrylate (MA) monomers were grafted onto molecular chains of native SG through initiation of Fenton's reagent and a series of SG-g-PMA with different grafting ratios were prepared. Effects of the graft modification on sizing properties of SG-g-PMA were studied in terms of apparent viscosity, contact angle of sizing paste on polyester fibers, water-solubility, mechanical properties of sizing film, adhesion to polyester fibers, and tensile properties of sized polyester warp yarns. It was found that the graft modification for SG was a simple and effective method to improve its sizing properties for polyester yarns and to omit specific viscosity reduction procedure used commonly for SG at present. In view of overall performance of SG-g-PMA sizes, the appropriate grafting ratio should be 18.70%.     

纳米助剂对淀粉上浆性能的促进作用

为了提高淀粉浆料的上浆性能,在淀粉浆液中添加纳米助剂,研究纳米微粒对淀粉浆纱效果的促进作用,并通过对比实验揭示这些微粒的化学组成及粒径对淀粉上浆性能的影响。实验结果表明:在淀粉浆料中添加纳米粉体材料之后,其浆纱耐磨性提高,毛羽降低;纳米微粒的化学组成及粒径对淀粉的浆纱性能有显著影响;SiO2比TiO2更有利于改善淀粉的上浆性能;且粒径越小,对淀粉上浆性能的促进作用就越强。