Change of counselor attitudes: Complications due to closed-mindedness.

In line with C. G. Kemp's (see record 1963-06922-001) study, the present study examined the possibility that closed-mindedness as measured by the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale, Form E, may interfere with attitude-change findings in counselor education. Ss were 16 practicum and 16 control group students enrolled in a master's level counselor education program. Although results are not statistically significant, trends in the data conform closely enough to those of Kemp to raise the possibility that previous findings of counselor attitude change may be subject to reinterpretation once the distorting influence of conformism due to closed-mindedness is taken into consideration. Further research is recommended with larger and more representative samples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Neuroticism among policemen: An examination of police personality.

Compared the neuroticism scores of college-educated policemen, non-college-educated policemen, and college- and non-college-educated civilians (N = 548), using the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale. On the whole, policemen scored lower on neuroticism when compared with nonpolice citizens. Noncollege police were significantly less neurotic than college and noncollege civilians on the Eysenck but not on the Rokeach scale. It is concluded that neuroticism was not a major characteristic of this group of policemen. (17 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Obituary: Milton Rokeach (1918–1988).

Milton Rokeach, Professor of Psychology and Communications at the Annenberg School of Communications (Los Angeles), died at his home on October 25, 1988, after a courageous and stubborn 13-year battle with spinal cancer. Rokeach's distinguished career was characterized by a humanistic devotion to rationality and the use of psychological research to illuminate it. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The psychology of politics: a reply.

Eysenck's tough-mindedness-tender-mindedness hypothesis is arbitrarily and invalidly criticized by Rokeach and Hanley (see 31: 2846). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The "Barnum effect" and acceptance of negative personal evaluation.

Investigated whether the Barnum effect could be obtained with negative, as well as positive, personal data. The Rokeach Value Survey and the Machover Figure Drawing Test were administered to 29 high- and 21 low-prestige undergraduates. Ss were then provided with bogus personality profiles and asked to assess the accuracy of the evaluations that they received. Ss were equally likely to accept positive and negative personal evaluations, irrespective of whether the tests on which they were purportedly based were scored and interpreted by a professional psychologist (high-prestige) or by one of their peers (low-prestige). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Finding universal dimensions of individual variation in multicultural studies of values: The Rokeach and Chinese value surveys.

Both cross-cultural psychology and theories of value would benefit from the empirical identification of value dimensions that are pancultural and comprehensive. Accordingly, in this article, I report the results of a 21-culture study of the Chinese Value Survey (CVS) and a 9-culture study of the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS). The analysis began with a "deculturing" of the data to remove the cultural positioning effect, then proceeded with a pooled factor analysis to discover pancultural patterns of association among the values. Two factors emerged from the CVS, four from the RVS. The individuals in each survey were then given factor scores, which were analyzed for sex and culture effects. Average scores for individuals from the cultures common to both surveys suggest that the CVS contained a dimension of valuing not found in the RVS. The discussion focuses on the factors' validity, their use in cross-cultural research, and the potential of different cultural traditions for extending psychology's conceptual net. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dogmatism and managerial achievement.

Administered a short form of the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale to managers representing 4 organizational levels in an agri-product industry. First-line (n = 44) and lower-middle managers (n = 224) were significantly (p     

Structure of human values: Testing the adequacy of the Rokeach Value Survey.

Examined the extent to which the 36 items of the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) provide comprehensive and representative coverage of the value domain in 2 experiments. In Exp I, intensive semistructured interviews, based on the RVS, were conducted with 73 adults drawn from an electoral roll. Test–retest reliabilities were examined over 4 wks with 208 university students. In Exp II, factor structure was explored with 483 adults from the general population and with 688 university students. All Ss completed inventories of goal values, mode values, and social values. Data provide qualified support for the comprehensiveness of the instrument. The major weaknesses in sampling involved the facets of physical well-being and individual rights. Other areas not represented were thriftiness and carefreeness. The need for multi-item indices for value constructs is discussed, as are the advantages of a rating procedure over a ranking procedure from both psychometric and empirically valid perspective. An alternative instrument based on the work of Rokeach is proposed. (31 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Behavioral validation of several values from the Rokeach Value Scale as an index of honesty.

Of 131 female line workers responding to an attitude questionnaire, 39% returned the scoring pencil which was furnished with their questionnaire. It was hypothesized that the act of returning the pencils was related to the employee's feelings about being honest. As the great bulk of the employees were members of strict religious denominations, it was also hypothesized that the act of returning the pencils might be related to the hoped for attainment of a religious end state, i.e., salvation. Honest and Salvation are 2 of 36 values of the Rokeach Value Scale. Results are consistent with the hypotheses. In addition 2 other values, A World At Peace and Helpful appeared to distinguish between pencil returners and nonreturners. The Rokeach Value Scale may prove to be a potentially useful predictor of honesty in a corporate setting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

More on the Protestant Ethic.

Administered the Protestant Ethic Scale, A. P. MacDonald's Poverty Scale, Rokeach terminal and instrumental values, California F Scale, and Rotter's Internal-External Control Scale to 70 female and 31 male undergraduates. As predicted, endorsement of the Protestant Ethic was significantly related to negative attitudes toward the poor and opposition to a guaranteed minimum annual income. Endorsement of the Protestant Ethic was positively related to authoritarianism and internal locus of control (for males only). A modified format and scoring procedure for M. Rokeach's values lists yielded results which are interpreted as evidence for the construct validity of the Protestant Ethic Scale and the distinctions made by Rokeach: e.g., values such as a comfortable life, equality, exciting life, and pleasure were negatively related, and ambition, self-control, and salvation positively related to scores on the Protestant Ethic Scale. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Belief versus race as determinants of social distance: Comment on Triandis' paper.

A joinder by Rokeach to a criticism of an idea in his book (1960) by Triandis (1961). From Psyc Abstracts 36:01:3GD87R. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dogmatisme paternel, niveau socio-économique et performance cognitive de pré-adolescent(e)s.

Studied the association among paternal dogmatism, socioeconomic status (SES), and cognitive development using Piagetian tasks. Human subjects: 98 male and female French-Canadian schoolage children and adolescents (aged 144–171 mo) (1st class of students in the secondary school). 98 male French-Canadian adults (aged 32–62 yrs). All Ss were from 2-parent families and consisted of 50 father–daughter and 48 father–son dyads. Paternal dogmatism was measured using the French-Canadian version of the Rokeach Scale by M. Rokeach (1960). Cognitive levels were evaluated using Piaget and Inhelder"s Permutations Test (1951). Ss" SES was measured using B. R. Blishen and H. A. McRobert"s Socioeconomic Index (1976). The results of the cognitive performance tests were analyzed statistically according to age, sex, dogmatism, and SES, using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Concept formation and impressions of personality.

Ss were shown a short motion picture in which the main themes of behavior of the heroine were kindness and promiscuity. The Ss then rated the heroine on a social distance scale, and then were asked interrelate the terms used in the scale. The Rokeach task was given to determine which Ss organized terms according to hierarchic or non-hierarchic concepts. Analysis of the data showed that Ss who articulate and relate the several essential molar features of the impression-formation material are more likely to form hierarchic concepts than Ss who articulate the field without relating the various aspects, or Ss who fail to differentiate between major field characteristics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Self-perceived personality change in adulthood and aging.

A modified form of the Rokeach Value Survey and developmental and control personality scales from the Personality Research Form were administered to 80 40–55 yr olds and 80 old (mean age 70.3 yrs) Ss. Self-perceived change was examined by varying instructional conditions to include concurrent, prospective, and retrospective self-assessments. Findings replicated the previously documented values transition in females and provided support (in the assessments of middle-aged males) for the predicted sequence in developmental personality scales (C. D. Ryff and P. B. Baltes, see record 1977-10040-001). The control scale outcomes show no self-perceived change in the assessments of either males or females. (25 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Authoritarianism scales and response bias.

Scales of authoritarianism differ from other self-report measures like the MMPI in ways that make them particularly susceptible to agreement response bias: (1) depending particularly on item content in relation to a theoretical syndrome; (2) using ambiguous items; (3) scoring all items in 1 direction. Fittingly, evidence now indicates that response bias is a major factor on authoritarian scales and not on the MMPI. This evidence can be maintained against the counterproposals of Rokeach and Samelson. Support is reiterated for interpreting (1) response bias not mechanically but as a response tendency when the S is uncertain; (2) high authoritarianism scale scores as representing simple-mindedness more than authoritarian ideologies. The latter interpretation is supported not only for college students but even more from survey data for the general population. (28 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Beliefs, Attitudes and Values.

Reviews the book, Beliefs, Attitudes and Values by Milton Rokeach (1968). I believe that Rokeach does not believe that his beliefs about beliefs, attitudes, and values are beliefs. The author seems to believe that he presents in this collection of previously published papers something other than his beliefs. Yet, from his presentation it would appear that there exists nothing but beliefs. Much of the confusion which appears in this book is due to the various ways in which the word "belief" is used. The author states that "the task for psychology is . . . to learn enough about the structure of belief systems to know how to form them, and how to modify them so that they will best increase the happiness and freedom of the individual and his society." As a result of the task the author sees for psychology he has undertaken a number of experiments presented in the papers which make up this volume. A detailed discussion of those experiments seems useless in the light of the fact that they are all based on Rokeach's confusing use of the word 'belief in terms of which he also defines "attitudes" and "values." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dogmatism and learning.

The effect of degree of dogmatism, as defined by Rokeach, upon learning in a classroom situation was tested on college Ss. It was hypothesized that if dogmatism implied a "closed cognitive structure" that this would affect the capacity to learn, independently of academic apitude. The results confirmed the hypothesis. From Psyc Abstracts 36:01:3KB48E. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Value transition and adult development in women: The instrumentality-terminality sequence hypothesis.

Tested the hypothesis that with increasing age there is a decreasing preference for values of instrumentality and a parallel increase in preference for values of terminality. 57 middle-aged and 62 old-aged females (mean ages, 43.1 and 70.4 yrs, respectively) completed the Rokeach Value Survey according to actual age or an assigned target age (middle-aged or old-aged). Data were analyzed using actual age, target age, class of values (instrumental vs terminal), and desirability (control) condition (personal vs social) as variables. Results show a main effect of Class Values and the predicted Target Age * Desirability Condition * Class of Values triple interaction. Findings support and expand previous research and also support the existence of self-acknowledged transitional or reorganizational phases in adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dogmatism and the congruence between self-reported job preference and performance among school supervisors.

Administered the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale and an instrument requiring the ranking of 10 supervision tasks according to ideal and actual priorities to 174 instructional supervisors. Closed-minded individuals had a significantly lower correspondence of ideal and actual task rankings than did their medium- or low-dogmatic counterparts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)