互联大系统能控能观性模型简化

不能控不能观系统可以集结成为一个能观但不能控的系统,这是传统的结论。本文提出一种旨在改变系统结构的新集结方法,可以把不能控和/或不能观系统集结成为具有相同输入输出关系且能控能观系统。并利用此结果对互联大系统进行分散能控能观性模型简化,并且给出若干重要理论结果和算法。     

分散固定模的结构

本文对分散控制系统定义了分散输入固定模和它的重数,给出了它与分散固定模集的关系,并就两个控制站v=2的情况给出了它的计算方法。特别,本文还定义了单个控制站的最大能控结构,并发现了在系统第一站具有最大能控结构时,输入固定模的重数与C_2不能观子空间及B_1不能控商空间之间的关系,使得本文所得的结论能推广到站数v大于2的情况。     

布尔控制网络的能控性与能观性

利用矩阵的半张量积,布尔控制网络被转化为离散时间系统.本文从离散时间系统的结构矩阵出发,讨论了逻辑控制系统的能控能观性条件,得到了一个新的能控性条件.新的条件简化了原有能控性矩阵的计算复杂性,矩阵的最高阶数由原来的2m+n降到了2n.另外,还得到了检验布尔控制网络能观性的条件.与原有条件相比,新的条件更容易计算检验.最后,给出一个实例,检验给出的能控能观性判断条件的正确性.     

定常线性系统不同分解下状态变量之间的关系

本文以一般补空间的概念讨论定常线性系统的分解,指出取自然基作为补空间的基,可 以使系统分解的变换矩阵求逆最简单.鉴于在正交补空间定义下用交空间方法一般得不到 标准分解,本文给出了一种在一般补空间定义下利用交空间进行标准分解的方法,证明了基 本的不能控状态变量、基本的能观状态变量和基本的能观不能控状态变量的不变性.     

能控（观）广义系统集的拓扑结构*

本文讨论了能控(观)广义系统集的开性和稠密性,并从能控(观)正则系统集的拓扑结构出发,讨论了相应的广义系统集的连通性,得到了较好的结果,从而将有关正则系统的结果推广到了广义系统。     

解释结构模型法(ISM)在控制系统结构研究中的应用

本文应用解释结构模型法(ISM)中的级划分(level partition)方法和段划分(stagepartition)方法研究了控制系统的信息结构能通性、结构能控性和结构能观性以及最经济结构综合问题。得到的判据概念直观,算法简单,对于大系统的结构分析与综合是很有效的。     

陶瓷窑变结构温度控制系统的设计

针对陶瓷明焰窑温度控制中存在的状态能观性、能控性问题,采用模糊控制与时 间比例分割控制相结合的控制策略;提出了一种基于系统过程状态的变结构控制方法,并设 计出了以这种变结构控制为核心的陶瓷明焰窑温度控制系统;经工业现场的实际应用表明, 该方法应用于陶瓷明焰窑温度控制是可行的,系统设计是成功的.     

传递函数的降阶处理

本文给出了一种可降阶传递函数的判别方法和降阶方法,以及判别是否能控能观,並提出临界能控能观的概念。     

广义系统的能控、能观性判别条件

该文讨论广义系统能控、能观性问题,给出了广义系统能控和能观性一种新的判别条件.     

MIMO系统转化为Luenberger能控规范型的条件

线性系统化为Luenberger能控规范型后可以很方便地进行极点配置.本文证明,在完全能控的情况下,MIMO系统能否化为Luenberger能控规范型与系统的最大能控性指数和最小能控性指数之差有关.如果两者之差大于1,就可能在控制矩阵B中除第l行(l=sum from i=1 to m μi,1≤m≤r)以外的位置上出现非零元.结果表明,用Luenberger能控规范型方法进行极点配置有一定的局限性.     

Optimal non‐blocking decentralized supervisory control with unobservable controllable events

Paranormality is an observation property of a language, in which the occurrence of unobservable events never exits the closure of the language. In this paper, a synthesis method is proposed to construct a paranormal supervisor. We propose a method to construct a controllable language such that the occurrence of unobservable events does not exit the closure of the controllable language. Moreover, a new observation property, that is, Quasi Output Control Consistency (QOCC) is defined to construct the optimal (least restrictive) non‐blocking decentralized supervisory control in the presence of unobservable controllable events. Using QOCC and natural observer properties, we propose a method to construct a normal supervisor such that an arbitrary pair of lookalike strings are initiated and terminated with identical observable and uncontrollable events. It is assumed that one of these strings has unobservable controllable events. An OCC property is defined in the literature as a special case of QOCC property, where none of the lookalike strings has unobservable controllable events.     

Thresholds: Revisit the Strings Versus Clouds Debate for the Internet Architecture, Part II: QoS, Control, Management, and TCP

The clouds (IP) versus strings (connection-oriented) debate over the Internet architecture is reexamined. Controllability and observability are shown to be the key to the performance (QoS) of the networks. The clouds architecture treats the network as a black box, making it uncontrollable and unobservable; in contrast, the strings architecture was designed to be a controllable and observable structure. In network management, the need for centralized management and control to obtain efficiency and optimal performance argues for strings architecture. Finally, TCP is shown to be unscalable in performance because of its poor observability and controllability.     

Supervisor synthesis for discrete event systems under partial observation and arbitrary forbidden state specifications

In this paper, we consider the forbidden state problem in discrete event systems modeled by partially observed and partially controlled Petri nets. Assuming that the reverse net of the uncontrollable subnet of the Petri net is structurally bounded, we compute a set of weakly forbidden markings from which forbidden markings can be reached by firing a sequence of uncontrollable/unobservable transitions. We then use reduced consistent markings to represent the set of consistent markings for Petri nets with structurally bounded unobservable subnets. We determine the control policy by checking if the firing of a certain controllable transition will lead to a subsequent reduced consistent marking that belongs to the set of weakly forbidden markings; if so, we disable the corresponding controllable transition. This approach is shown to be minimally restrictive in the sense that it only disables behavior that can potentially lead to a forbidden marking. The setting in this paper generalizes previous work by studying supervisory control for partially observed and partially controlled Petri nets with a general labeling function and a finite number of arbitrary forbidden states. In contrast, most previous work focuses on either labeling functions that assign a unique label to each observable transition or forbidden states that are represented using linear inequalities. More importantly, we demonstrate that, in general, the separation between observation and control (as considered in previous work) may not hold in our setting.     

Observer design for non-linear systems that are not uniformly observable

The observer design problem is studied for a class of single-output non-linear systems that are not necessarily uniformly observable. In the first part of this paper, the non-linear observer canonical form is generalized to the partial non-linear observer canonical form which is quite similar to the decomposition of a linear system into its observable and unobservable states. A necessary and sufficient condition is given for a non-linear system to be transformable into this canonical form by the change of coordinates. Based on this canonical form, a sufficient condition is given for the existence of observers. In the second part, a high gain observer for a class of non-linear systems that are not uniformly observable will be developed in order to relax the system structure of the partial non-linear observer canonical form. To this end, a new canonical form is proposed that generalizes the canonical form of uniform observability and a sufficient condition is provided based on the proposed canonical form.     

Canonical forms for linear multivariable systems

In this paper a class of well-known canonical forms for single-input or single-output controllable and observable systems are extended to multivariable systems. It is shown that, unlike the single-variable case, the canonical forms are generally not unique, but that the structure of the canonical form can be controlled to some extent by the designer. A major result of the paper is that a multi-input system can be transformed to a set of coupled single-input subsystems.     

Maximally Permissive Petri Net Supervisors for Flexible Manufacturing Systems with Uncontrollable and Unobservable Transitions

This paper presents a deadlock prevention policy to obtain behaviorally optimal supervisors for flexible manufacturing systems with uncontrollable and unobservable transitions. The conditions of uncontrollability and unobservability of transitions are revealed in the sense of the implementation of a Petri net supervisor. Then, integer linear programming models are designed to obtain a Petri net supervisor such that all legal markings are reachable and the number of control places is reduced. We also show that a controllable transition can be unobservable and self‐loops can be used to disable the transition but do not observe its firing. Finally, examples are provided to illustrate the proposed approach.     

Supervisory control of discrete event systems with communication delays and partial observations

This paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a nonblocking supervisor that achieves a given language specification for a discrete event system (DES) with communication delays and partial observations. In many practical situations, some uncontrollable events can subsequently occur before a proper control action is applied to the DES due to delays in sensing, communicating, and actuating. Moreover, some of the uncontrollable events may be unobservable. To achieve a given language specification in such situations, this paper presents a language property called delay observability which assures no confliction in making a decision for legal controllable events under partial observation and delay communication.     

多变量线性随机系统脉冲响应阵的典范实现

本文提出了一种辨识实际系统的最一般新息模型的方法,模型的参数阵既可以是能观典 范形,也可以是能控典范形.