Computers in medicine

A growing group of institutions and individuals use Internet connections to reach information sources. Large health care organizations now see electronic records as essential to providing cost-effective health care. The Visible Human Project represents the entire three-dimensional anatomy of a cadaver.     

Computers in dental education

The advent of electronic support for dental education offers many possible improvements in the manner in which information is conveyed to students. Although dental schools are only beginning to implement these concepts and devices, there is indication that they will become increasingly common. Concepts can be more lucidly conveyed when images and mulitmedia are used effectively. Distances can be transcended, and information gathered from and conveyed to others without regard to physical limitations. The dental school curricula must accommodate the changing milieu in which dentistry is practiced and prepare students for the future, electronically assisted dental practice.     

Stress in dentistry

Dentists believe their profession is stressful. Research has indicated this belief is generally based upon patient behaviors and economic pressures. A discussion of stress and adaptation is presented. Since stress can lead to both physical and emotional problems, recognition of stress by the practitioner is discussed. While physical symptoms are easily recognized, emotional behaviors are often overlooked. The practitioner should become aware of these behaviors in the self as well as others. Methods to help reduce and control stress are given.     

Women in dentistry

By analyzing the present-day tuberculosis epidemiological situation in the country and sociomedical characteristics of new cases, the authors present methods for detecting and treating patients, which are of paramount importance for today. Of the most significance is the need to promptly identify patients with strains on their referral to the general somatic hospitals for complaints by using 3-multiple sputum bacterioscopy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the Ziehl-Neelsen method. The vital problem is also to change chemotherapeutical regimens as more severe progressive types of the disease require more active treatment in the first months after detection especially in the cohort of socially disadapted persons.     

Lasers in dentistry

Since the development of the ruby laser by Maiman in 1960, there has been great interest among dental practitioners, scientists, and patients to use this tool to make dental treatment more pleasant. Oral soft tissue uses are becoming more common in dental offices. The possible multiple uses of lasers in dentistry, beyond soft tissue surgery and dental composite curing, unfortunately, have not yet been realized clinically. These include replacement of the dental drill with a laser, laser dental decay prevention, and laser decay detection. The essential question is whether a laser can provide equal or improved treatment over conventional care. Safe use of lasers also must be the underlying goal of proposed or future laser therapy. With the availability and future development of different laser wavelengths and methods of pulsing, much interest is developing in this growing field. This article reviews the role of lasers in dentistry since the early 1960s, summarizes some research reports from the last few years, and proposes what the authors feel the future may hold for lasers in dentistry.     

计算机在煤气柜上的应用

１前言煤气柜是大、中型钢铁企业常用的设施，它在贮存煤气、调节煤气管网压力、合理使用能源、减少环境污染等方面发挥着重要作用。但煤气柜一般采用常规仪表监视，由于常规仪表故障多，响应速度慢，使操作人员调节管网压力的波动相对滞后，阻碍了煤气柜功能的及时有效发挥。韶钢１９９９年５月建成投产的２台POC型干式煤气柜，采用了计算机对整个柜内的所有热工参数进行采集和处理，并在显示器上动态显示，使２台煤气柜的自动控制运行情况处于操作人员的监控之下，并对煤气柜的运行状态进行采集和显示；能对异常情况进行报警，便于操作…     

Computers in the medical practice

This article is part of a series covering the ever-expanding role of computers in the medical office and practice by Glenn L. Gordon, MD, FACIP. Dr. Gordon is Director, Center for Digestive and Liver Diseases, Clinical Instructor of Medicine at St. Louis University School of Medicine, President of Audrain County Medical Society, Immediate Past President of American Cancer Society-Audrain Unit, and State Council MSIM/ASIM Delegate. This is the first of a series of articles covering the expanding role of computers in our medical practice from office management programs to the Internet. This month's article covers the computerized medical record and what it can do for you.     

Computers in diabetes ''96

Since the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial demonstrated the substantial benefits of tight glycaemic control there has been renewed interest in the application of information technology (IT) based techniques for improving the day-to-day care of patients with diabetes mellitus. Computer-based educational approaches have a great deal of potential for patients use, and may offer a means of training more health-care professionals to deliver such improved care. In this article the potential role of IT in diabetes education is reviewed, focusing in particular on the application of compartmental models in both computer-based interactive simulators and educational video games. Close attention is devoted to practical applications-available today-for use by patients, their relatives, students and health-care professionals. The novel features and potential benefits of such methodologies are highlighted and some of the limitations of currently available software are discussed. The need for improved graphical user interfaces, and for further efforts to evaluate such programs and demonstrate an educational benefit from their use are identified as hurdles to their more widespread application. The review concludes with a look to the future and the type of modelling features which should be provided in the next generation of interactive diabetes simulators and educational video games.     

Application of Small Computers in Construction

The deliberations of the ASCE Task Committee on the Application of Small Computers in Construction are presented. The paper first identifies needs that are stimulating the application of small computers in construction, and then examines their present and potential utilization in several representative application areas. Applications include accounting and payroll, estimating, field office administration, contract language retrieval, electronic communications, scheduling, process simulation, graphical reporting, computer‐aided design, and process control. The role that ASCE might take in supporting the effective application of small computers in construction practice is considered. Possibilities include participation in the development of standards, education of practitioners, stimulation of innovative techniques, liaison with other organizations, input to computer manufacturers and software developers about specific needs and requirements in construction, studying the organizational and behavioral aspects of computers in construction, and input to ASCE awards committees about meritorious work in this area. It is concluded that an ongoing ASCE Construction Division committee is needed to monitor and influence the effective application of this rapidly evolving small computer technology in construction.     

Ultraconservative dentistry

Ultraconservative techniques are providing dentists with new opportunities for the rehabilitation of the debilitated dentition. These techniques involve the use of bonded, reinforced ceramics that restore function and esthetics. The new parameters of ultraconservative treatment include the routine use of supragingival margins, color gradients, and the alteration of the occlusal vertical dimension. The minimally invasive nature of these new techniques makes them more readily acceptable to, and more easily maintainable by, patients.