What Has Happened to Territory?

In the concluding article of the main section of this issue, Antoine Picon evokes the earlier meaning of territory for administrators, architects and engineers, as lands that were integrated into nations or colonies by the early modern European countries. Picon traces how 18th- and 19th-century perceptions of territory with an emphasis on administrative separation fed into an attitude of both distance and sensitivity to landscape, as exemplified by the Romantic movement in painting and literature; a heritage that continued into the 20th century in architecture with its emphasis on rationalisation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optioneering: A New Basis for Engagement Between Architects and Their Collaborators

Conventionally, architects are somewhat tardy when inviting engineers to join their projects. By only introducing consulting engineers to participate in the later stages of the design process, engineers are commonly assigned a fixing role. This provides little opportunity for creative engineering solutions at the generative stage. Optioneering, a new business management model, however, offers the possibility of a new collaborative method for interaction between designers and their partners. Dominik Holzer and Steven Downing describe how a research project between the Spatial Information Research Laboratory (SIAL) at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) and the engineering firm Arup investigated the capability of this new form of collaboration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The optimum support design selection by using AHP method for the main haulage road in WLC Tuncbilek colliery

The engineers can frequently encounter with the situation to select the optimum option among the alternatives related with mining operations. The optimum choice can be selected by the experienced engineers taking into consideration their judgement and intuition. However, decision-making methods can offer to the engineers to support their optimum selection for a particular application in the scientific way. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of the multi attribute decision-making (MADM) methods utilizing structured pair-wise comparisons. This paper presents an application of the AHP method to the selection of the optimum support design for the main transport road, which has been planned for deep coal seam panels of Western Lignite Corporation (WLC) Tuncbilek in Turkiye. The methodology considers eight main objectives, namely: four different displacement values for determined history locations, factor of safety (FOS), cost, labour and applicability factor for the selection of support design. The displacements and stress values were obtained by using the finite difference program FLAC^3D as the numerical studies have been widely used by the engineers examining the response of any opening in underground, in advance. After carrying out several numerical models for different support design, the AHP method was incorporated to evaluate these support designs according to the pre-determined criteria. The result of this study shows that such AHP application can assist the engineers to effectively evaluate the support system alternatives for an underground mine.     

Arup Associates

A specialist architectural division of the wider Arup group, Arup Associates has a unique composition and ethos. In its studios, teams of architects, structural engineers, environmental engineers, urban designers and product designers work alongside each other on the design of buildings from a project's inception. It is an interdisciplinary approach that the practice pioneered in the 1960s, and which has been reinvigorated in the last few years by a new emphasis on ‘unified design’ – a radical wholeness in thinking and execution. Here, Jay Merrick talks to Arup Associates' principal Declan O'Carroll and considers his vision of an architecture capable of addressing complexity and sustaining humanity in the face of modernity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Tectonic Articulation: Making Engineering Logics Speak

As much of the responsibility of a building's physical design and fabrication has increasingly shifted to engineers, spatial communication has remained the sole and significant preserve of architects. Patrik Schumacher , Partner at Zaha Hadid Architects (ZHA), explains how tectonic articulation through architectural design – the selection and employment of technically engineered forms and details – enables the legible enunciation of a building's forms in a manner that has the potential to give it social meaning and expression.     

Comparative study of frame-corewall and frame tube structural systems based on environmental cost

Arising from people's concern on global warming, structural engineers have to pay close attention to the environmental cost component in their structural designs. The structural framework contributes about 20% of the total emissions of the building in the life cycle according to a study in the United Kingdom. In the actual design process, there is no effective method of calculating the environmental cost for structural engineers and structural engineers ignore environmental effects of the structure at most times. This paper introduces the environmental cost index of embodied carbon as well as research and engineering applications. The comprehensive structural system selection method proposed by the paper, which combines life cycle assessment method, Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE) database and abatement model, considers both economic and environmental costs that take emission reduction cost into account. The method is applied to a high-rise building in Xi’an to compare structural schemes of frame-corewall and frame tube based on environmental cost, and conclusion is drawn that structural system of frame tube is better than the frame-corewall one when emission reduction cost is considered. This paper provides not only a reference for similar projects to compare different structural systems in the comprehensive perspectives of environment and economy, but also a guide for structural engineers to contribute to a more sustainable building and environment.     

典型办公楼负荷预测

对于冷热电三联供系统而言,为了使系统更好的发挥出优势,就要使系统和建筑的负荷较好的匹配,那么得到逐时的冷热电负荷数据就变得至关重要.参照日本三联供手册的方法,根据我国国情,以北京典型办公楼为例,采用模拟结合经验值的方法,得到适合中国办公楼的逐时负荷系数,以便为办公楼类建筑配置系统时提供参考依据.     

超高层建筑结构方案的确立——某广场88层主楼的方案设计简介

超高层建筑的方案设计不同于一般建筑,它不可能仅限于建筑师的构思,相反,在很大程度上有赖于结构方案的可行。某广场88层主楼的方案设计过程中,结构工种与建筑工种的互为制约、互为渗透、逐步完善,最后形式了结构可行且合理、建筑适用且理想的方案雏形。两个工种之间的密切配合为超高层建筑方案设计阶段科学操作的必经程序提供了有益的启示。     

施工企业中造价师的作用

结合造价管理制度的完善,论述了施工企业中造价工程师在现行市场机制下的作用,简述了其在具体工作中应注意的问题,以充分发挥造价师的作用,促进施工企业造价管理水平的进一步提高。     

An experimental investigation on passive cooling system comprising phase change material and two-phase closed thermosyphon for telecom shelters in tropical and desert regions

Advances in information technology have made the thermal management of telecommunication equipments more challenging over the past several years. As advances are being made the electrical energy consumption of telecommunication equipments is ever increasing and thereby increasing its dissipation rate. In addition such shelters are installed in remote areas, so cooling of telecom shelters becomes a great challenge for thermal engineers. A field study revealed conventional cooling systems are not so effective in terms of energy consumption and in the absence of power grid, shelters installed in such areas require additional capital cost to provide power for cooling system. A new passive cooling system incorporating phase change material (PCM) and two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) heat exchangers has been developed and experimented to provide thermal management for telecommunication equipments housed in telecom shelters. The newly developed thermal system absorbs the equipment dissipated heat during the hottest part of the day, stores it as latent heat and releases it through thermosyphons during the night to the ambient.     

Gardens by the Bay: Ecologically Reflective Design

Meredith Davey of Atelier Ten describes how as part of a design team led by Grant Associates with architects Wilkinson Eyre, multidisciplinary engineers Atelier Ten have developed a scheme for the Gardens by the Bay, Bay South in Singapore based on first principles. Holistically integrated solutions have been sought to the central and demanding brief to create artificial interior environments that will enable Mediterranean and mountain plants to grow in the tropical urban heat of downtown Singapore. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于高职建设工程监理专业设置问题的探讨

本文针对我国加入WTO以后工程建设管理体制的改革 ,尤其是建设工程监理制的实施 ,提出监理工程师应具备的素质要素。根据我国现有监理从业人员的情况统计 ,以及市场对人才的需求 ,提出设置建设工程监理专业的可能性 ,并阐述专业知识结构及课程体系的整体优化问题     

An Enthusiastic Sceptic

Nat Oppenheimer , principal of structural engineers Robert Silman Associates, is a dissenting voice among the advocates of building information modelling (BIM) - an enthusiastic sceptic. Could the quest for integration be leading towards oversimplification rather than customisation and differentiation? Even towards the sort of standardisation adopted with LEED ratings in the quest for sustainability? Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Expert System to Control Construction Problems in Flexible Pavements

Abstract: Highway engineers face complicated problems that are influenced by various conditions during the construction of flexible highway pavements. Identifying such problems and recommending effective solutions demand considerable engineering expertise, which is difficult to obtain at all construction sites. Thus, the development of an expert system can effectively help engineers control and analyze such problems. In addition, an expert system can effectively archive the storage and distribution of expertise among pavement engineers. This article describes the development and evaluation of such an expert system. The first stage in the development of the proposed system was the elicitation of knowledge from written sources and from experts through literature reviews and interviews, respectively. The acquired knowledge was analyzed and classified and then represented in a form containing rules; the rules were subsequently coded as software. This article describes the development and evaluation of the Expert System for the Control of Construction Problems in Flexible Highway Pavements.     

浅谈加强设计阶段工程造价管理的重要性

阐述了加强设计阶段工程造价管理的重要性,从推行“限额设计”方法、设计招投标制与设计监理制、建立奖惩机制、加强设计变更管理等方面对如何加强设计阶段的工程造价管理进行了论述,指出工程造价专业人员应提高自身的素质,从而保证项目管理投资目标的实现。     

施工项目管理中的接力技术

应用系统控制理论,提出了针对施工管理的基本单元,即工序管理的"接力技术"及其基本运行模式,改善和加强了施工动态管理,实现系统优化。     

Form,Force, Performance: Multi-Parametric Structural Design

In the 20th century, the classification of structures according to defined building typologies was central to engineering design. Here Professor Klaus Bollinger, Professor Manfred Grohmann and Oliver Tessmann of design engineers Bollinger + Grohmann challenge this preconception. By considering each structure as an individual case in point with inherently complex behaviour, they move away from the notion of a building being a variant of an established type. They further discuss this mode of working, in relation to their own recent projects, in terms of relevant methods and generative techniques, as well as the respective consequences that it has had on the relationship between force, form and structural performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Architecture + Textiles = Architextiles

A hybrid term, ‘architextiles’ encompasses a wide range of projects and ways of thinking that unite architecture and textiles. By way of introduction to this issue, guest-editor Mark Garcia highlights the significant rise of interest in this confluence by theorists, architects, engineers, textile designers, materials scientists and artists. He also explains how, as a hybrid mode of design and practice, architextiles is better able to respond to society's fast-changing cultural and consumer demands, enabling the production of more dynamic, flexible, interactive, event and process-based spaces. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Persona logical thinking: improving requirements elicitation for multidisciplinary teams

To be more successful, innovation projects need a multidisciplinary team to cross and challenge several knowledge fields and viewpoints. However, defining methods to be used by multidisciplinary design teams is not straightforward since a single method has to match different skills and personality types. Our main objective is to provide a new method suitable to such multidisciplinary teams. The goal of Study 1 is to highlight that designers’ specialty (i.e. engineer or ergonomist) has an impact on methods’ effectiveness. For that purpose, we selected two methods for requirement elicitation, one that is generally used by engineers (a subset of EPMcreate method based on logical structure) and one commonly used by ergonomists (the Persona method based on empathetic reasoning). These methods were tested by 10 ergonomists and 10 engineers during individual sessions. We subsequently developed a method called Persona Logical Thinking (PLT) based on the combination of the two previous methods. This new method was tested in Study 2, and compared to Persona method and to EPMcreate method during collective sessions involving four designers each (engineers, industrial designers and ergonomists). Nine design teams took part in the study with a total of 36 participants. Our results suggest that PLT method draws on the advantages of both logical and empathetic reasoning since it is as productive as POEPMcreate method and as relevant as Persona method. It may therefore be more appropriate for multidisciplinary design teams.     

港航专业面向产出的达成情况评价机制探索及效果分析

以学生为中心的工程教育认证的根本目的是促进或提升"教育产出"。为适应新时代新水利背景下水利科技人才培养需求,同济大学港口航道与海岸工程专业从培养方案修订着手,通过修订培养目标、分解毕业要求指标点,以及持续改进课程体系等方法贯彻OBE理念,实现从培养"学科导向型"人才到"工程导向型"人才的转变,从培养专业技术人才到培养兼具专业能力、职业素养、社会责任的复合型人才转变,以期达到水利工程师国际认证的实质等效。与此同时,建立了课程达成情况及毕业要求达成情况评价机制、培养目标合理性评价机制,并结合机制运行情况进行了实例分析,实现了对本专业本科生培养质量的全方位、中长期跟踪评价与持续改进。