核磁共振碳谱测定天然鱼油和加工鱼油中多不饱和脂肪酸的位置分布

鱼油是n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的重要来源,为明确鱼油中多不饱和脂肪酸的位置分布,采用气相色谱法测定了4种天然鱼油和3种加工鱼油的总脂肪酸组成,并采用核磁共振碳谱(¹³C-NMR)分析其多不饱和脂肪酸的位置分布,同时运用Novozym 435醇解结合气相色谱分析了4种天然鱼油中甘油三酯上饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的位置分布。结果表明：加工鱼油中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量为28.43%～76.63%,二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量为12.72%～56.37%,总体含量均高于天然鱼油;天然鱼油中DHA主要分布在sn-2位,sn-2 DHA相对含量为50.39%～63.71%,而加工鱼油中DHA则处于随机分布状态,sn-2 DHA相对含量为28.78%～36.76%;不同天然鱼油中SFA和MUFA没有明确分布规律。综上,鱼油的加工工艺可以提高DHA的含量但是改变了其在甘油三酯碳骨架的分布。     

不同类型鱼油对维生素 A 醋酸酯稳定性的影响

目的通过添加不同类型鱼油,分析保健品中维生素A醋酸酯的降解情况。方法将配制好的鱼油样品在温度(37±2)℃,相对湿度(75±5)%的条件下放置6个月,分别在0、1、2、3、6个月取样,检测维生素A醋酸酯的含量。将检测结果与0个月比较,考察维生素A醋酸酯含量的变化。结果通过6个月的考察分析,乙酯型鱼油维生素A醋酸酯含量变化较大,甘油三酯型鱼油维生素A醋酸酯变化小,且乙酯型鱼油配方样品中维生素A醋酸酯的降解产物较杂。结论鱼油保健品在加速实验条件下放置6个月,不同结构的鱼油对维生素A醋酸酯含量的影响不同,甘油三酯型鱼油更稳定。     

人乳替代脂鲳鱼油和巴沙鱼油的脂肪酸、甘油三酯 组成及含量分析

为寻找与中国人乳脂脂质组成高相似的天然人乳替代脂，分析比较了3种鱼油(金鲳鱼油、银鲳鱼油和巴沙鱼油)的总脂肪酸、sn-2位脂肪酸、甘油三酯组成和含量。结果表明：金鲳鱼油中棕榈酸、油酸和亚油酸含量分别为24.93%、25.61%和26.52%,其中sn-2位棕榈酸的含量为39.71%,占总棕榈酸比例为53.10%;在3种鱼油中，金鲳鱼油总脂肪酸组成最接近中国人乳脂；甘油三酯组成分析结果证实，金鲳鱼油中富含1-油酸-2-棕榈酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯(OPL,24.36%),其含量显著高于其他两种鱼油，且其1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(OPO)的含量(16.79%)接近报道的中国人乳脂的平均含量(15.84%)。因此，金鲳鱼油是理想的中国婴儿配方奶粉专用油脂基料油，在人乳替代脂中具有良好的发展前景。     

高酸值鱼油酸法催化乙酯化工艺的研究

以浓硫酸为催化剂，对高酸值金枪鱼油进行了乙醇酯化工艺的研究。试验确定反应的最优工艺条件为：反应温度70℃，浓硫酸用量为鱼油的9％(W／W)，反应时间为6h。在最优条件下，鱼油的乙酯化产品酸值最低，乙酯化程度最高。反应产物用分子筛或无水硫酸钠脱水后，可以防止鱼油乙酯在储藏期酸值的进一步升高。     

气相色谱内标法测定鱼油保健品中的EPA和DHA含量

采用气相色谱内标法测定鱼油保健品中的EPA和DHA含量,用酯交换法对样品进行处理,对程序升温条件进行优化,通过考察线性关系、精密度、重复性和稳定性、加标回收等对已建立的方法进行验证,并对市售10个不同厂家生产的鱼油保健品进行EPA和DHA含量评价。结果表明:EPA和DHA分别在5. 57～278. 50μg/m L和6. 97～348. 50μg/m L质量浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(相关系数分别为0. 999 6和0. 999 1),精密度(相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0. 43%和1. 05%)、重复性(RSD分别为1. 04%和1. 62%)、稳定性(RSD分别为1. 48%和1. 27%)、准确性(平均回收率分别为100. 47%和101. 43%)良好。10个鱼油保健品样品质量参差不齐,需要完善的质量规范。所建立的检测方法准确性好、精密度高,可用于鱼油保健品中EPA和DHA含量的检测与质量控制。     

乌桕皮脂甘油三酯成分的分析及类可可脂的制作

作者对三种国产桕脂样品甘油三酯成分进行了测定。组成桕油皮脂的脂肪酸主要是软脂酸(65—69%mol)和油酸(28—32%mol),其他脂肪酸总量不到3%。桕脂甘三酯经银化硅胶薄层层析(Ag~+—TLC)分离成五个馏分,分别测定这些馏分的脂肪酸组成及β—位脂肪酸组成。结果表明,不饱和脂肪酸绝大部分分布在甘油三酯的β-位上。分析结果还表明,桕脂甘油三酯大部分都由 OO1型甘油三酯组成。这种 OO1型甘油三酯具有对称的β—SMS 结构,与天然可可脂相似。作者采用丙酮或工业己烷对桕脂进行分提,除去高熔点部分而得到类可可脂.此类可可脂熔点与天然可可脂相近,其固体脂肪指数(SFC)在10℃时比天然可可脂低,而在30—35℃区间,其 SFC 则与天然可可脂相似.     

抗氧化剂对米糠油贮存稳定性的影响

以米糠油达到GB 2716-2005主要指标过氧化值和酸值的时间为稳定度来评价其贮存稳定性,研究了在(63±1)℃加速氧化条件下,抗氧化剂TBHQ、BHA、Vc棕榈酸酯不同组合对米糠油贮存稳定性的影响,同时用气相色谱法测定了脂肪酸含量的变化.结果表明,不同组合的抗氧化剂均能提高米糠油贮存稳定性,处理样品的稳定度明显比对照样品要高.添加0.015%Vc棕榈酸酯 0.015%TBHQ 0.015%BHA的米糠油稳定度最高,可达30～33 d,是对照样品稳定度的1.43～1.83倍,其次是添加0.015%Vc棕榈酸酯 0.015%TBHQ的米糠油,其稳定度为27～30 d.     

鱼油中EPA和DHA的酶法富集工艺研究

利用Sn-1,3特异性脂肪酶对食品级鱼油中的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)进行富集,而后利用偏甘油酯脂肪酶除去上述步骤产生的甘油二酯、甘油一酯,后处理得到具有天然属性的精制鱼油。采用单因素实验考察特异性脂肪酶富集EPA和DHA过程中脂肪酶用量、纯化水加入量、水解时间及水解温度对富集EPA和DHA的影响。运用气相色谱分析精制鱼油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:特异性脂肪酶富集过程的最优工艺条件为在pH 6条件下固定化Sn-1,3特异性脂肪酶用量1%～15%、纯化水加入量1%～10%、水解时间2～6 h、水解温度30～70℃,富集后EPA和DHA总量为40%～60%,产品收率在48%～75%;精制鱼油含有21种主要脂肪酸,其中EPA和DHA含量最多。     

初始水分含量与温度对油炸香蕉片贮藏稳定性的影响

为研究油炸香蕉片在不同贮藏条件下的贮藏特性,采用静态平衡将样品水分稳定到高、低两种初始水分含量,分别贮藏于0、25、37 ℃的避光环境,通过测定过氧化值、酸值、茴香胺值和介电常数等指标评价油炸香蕉片贮藏期间的氧化状况。结果表明,相同的贮藏温度和时间条件下,高初始水分含量油炸香蕉片的过氧化值、酸值、茴香胺值、介电常数均高于低初始水分含量的样品,降低油炸香蕉片的初始水分含量可以提高其贮藏稳定性。高初始水分含量油炸香蕉片的过氧化值随贮藏时间的延长而升高,低初始水分含量样品达到峰值后逐步降低;样品的酸值、茴香胺值在贮藏期间均升高;高初始水分含量样品介电常数在贮藏期间变化不大,低初始水分含量样品介电常数随贮藏时间的延长,整体呈上升趋势。     

高酸值鱿鱼油的精制工艺分析

针对鱿鱼加工废弃物中提取的鱼油酸值高,使其应用受限这一现状,采取先酯化以降低其酸值,后脱酸、脱色、脱臭的方法对其进行精制。研究结果表明,以硫酸氢钠为催化剂酯化过程中各因素的最适条件为:醇酸物质的量比20∶1,催化剂用量8%(W/W),反应时间5h,反应温度80℃,该条件下酯化率可达90%左右。精制后鱼油酸值显著下降,澄清透明呈淡黄色,略带鱼腥味,各项理化指标均达到鱼油的SC/T3502-2000标准的精制鱼油一级要求。应用气相色谱分析精制鱼油的脂肪酸组成,其多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量达38.34%,其中C20∶5(EPA)和C22∶6(DHA)的含量分别为11.49%和22.14%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press