波纹内翅片管蒸发式气体冷却器的开发与应用

分析了波纹内翅片管和蒸发式换热技术的应用背景和技术优势。提出了将波纹内翅片管应用于蒸发式换热设备中,开发了波纹内翅片管蒸发式气体冷却器,并对其结构以及关键部件的作用和热力过程以及性能特点进行了阐述。综合换热器市场分析,得出波纹内翅片管蒸发式气体冷却器作为一种新型高效的节能换热设备,应用前景广阔。     

蒸发冷却冷水机组的原理、性能与适用性分析

总结了蒸发冷却冷水机组结构类型和工作原理,理论和实测验证了间接蒸发冷却的湿通道侧发生的并非绝热等焓直接蒸发冷却。根据对间接预冷式蒸发冷却冷水机组的性能测试分析,间接蒸发冷却器的湿球效率在41%～92%之间,立管、板管、露点间接蒸发冷却器比卧管间接蒸发冷却器效率高,间接预冷式蒸发冷却冷水机组制备冷水可达到亚湿球温度,制备冷水温度受间接蒸发冷却器效率、填料塔内气水比、外热源影响。以间接预冷式蒸发冷却冷水机组、机械制冷冷水机组、乙二醇自然冷却为冷源的数据中心空调系统,水侧蒸发冷却与乙二醇自然冷却应用在乌鲁木齐市、北京市、上海市的时间分别为8736、6261、4708 h,相比机械制冷的全年节电率分别为62%、53%、46%。     

内翅片管蒸发式中冷器获专利

洛阳隆华传热科技股份有限公司自主研发的内翅片管蒸发式中间冷却器2013年3月获得国家专利授权。据悉,这种中冷器与传统换热器相比节电20％以上,节水30％以上。内翅片管蒸发式中冷器采用潜热换热原理,以喷淋水作为冷却介质,依靠水在换热管外形成水膜蒸发吸收管内工艺流体的热量,通过轴流风机的强制排风带走热量。达到冷却或冷凝管内工艺流体的目的。该中冷器蒸发换热部件采用内翅片管,增加了管侧的换热面积,有效提高了换热效率,解决了压缩机实际运行中存在的冷却能力不足等问题,节电、节水效果显著。     

两种氯气冷却干燥流程的分析

对两种氯气冷却干燥流程进行了分析比较;根据物料热量衡算,对其主要设备钛冷却器、氟水冷却器、脱氯器的换热面积的选取进行了计算。笔者认为流程二(电解槽出来的湿氯气进入一台间接钛管冷却器,再进入氯水洗涤塔。)优于流程一。     

一种新型管式间接蒸发冷却器的性能

对包覆吸水性材料的管式间接蒸发冷却器进行了测试,分析了其传热传质性能,吸水性材料的保水量及对传热传质性能的影响,以及吸水性材料的补水时机。     

内翅板蒸发式冷凝器水膜流动特性

为了提高蒸发式冷凝器板外换热性能以及增强板外气液两相流动,设计了4种新型内翅板蒸发式冷凝器换热板片结构,实验测试不同喷淋密度下各换热板片上的水膜流动形态及喷淋密度对板片换热性能的影响。结果表明:水膜厚度随喷淋密度减小而减薄;喷淋密度较大时,受板片结构及气液剪切力影响,水膜流动向中心区域聚集,且部分区域会出现水膜飞溅现象;随着喷淋密度减小,水膜飞溅现象逐渐消失,但在低喷淋密度时部分板片会有"干斑"现象。半圆波纹板片在喷淋密度分别为0.524kg/(m·s)、0.738kg/(m·s)、0.905kg/(m·s)时,换热性能均优于其他换热板片,且在此喷淋密度时,板片换热面积及水膜稳定时间是影响其换热性能的主要因素。本实验研究为内翅板蒸发冷凝器的工程应用和设计提供理论指导。     

电动汽车电池冷却器换热性能

电动汽车中电池组的热管理对汽车的性能和安全性十分重要。通常使用小型电池冷却器（chiller）与车载空调系统的蒸发器并联,用来冷却电池冷却板中的冷却液。为了对实际电池冷却器的换热性能进行评估和分析,设计搭建了一套完整的试验测试系统,并验证了其测试的稳定性和重复性。在此基础上,对最新设计的小型紧凑电池冷却器进行了不同工况下的性能测试和分析,得到了其换热功率和流阻随冷媒侧和冷却液侧参数改变的变化规律,最高换热功率达到了5.6 kW。     

传热方式对烘房热能利用的影响

对浸泡式蒸发与降膜式蒸发两种传热方式在烘房应用时的实际热效率进行了对比,发现虽然降膜式蒸发强度比浸泡式蒸发高1倍以上,但实际应用时由于受换热管安装方式的影响,采用传统的浸泡式蒸发方式时烘房的热效率反而较高,达到57%。     

复合型蒸发冷却器在常减压电脱盐系统的应用

介绍了常减压装置电脱盐系统含盐污水冷后温度过高的现状,分析了空冷器失效的原因,确定用复合型蒸发冷却器代替空冷器的改造方案并加以实施,并对复合型蒸发冷却器投用后的运行效果进行分析。复合型蒸发冷却器投用后可满足冷后温度需要,根据实际情况,将含盐污水水冷器E1052AB切除,每小时可以节约循环水180t,而复合型蒸发冷却器每小时消耗除盐水3t。     

多效真空浓缩器系统

单效浓缩器系统,所蒸发出来的水蒸汽在水冷凝器中冷凝下来,冷凝热就此损失掉了。多效浓缩器系统,浓缩器第一段中产生的热蒸汽,不采用水冷凝器间接换热冷凝,而是用真空度较高的第二蒸发段的酸在换热器中间接换热冷凝,从而蒸发掉酸中更多的水量。因此,采用多效蒸发器将酸浓缩到要     

IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLID DESICCANT COOLING

The DINC (Direct-Indirect Evaporative Cooling) cycle was proposed in 1986 by Texas A6H researchers. The idea wae to combine the benefits of direct and indirect evaporative cooling with desiccant dehumidifying using a rotating aolid silica-gel dehumidifier. Recent parametric studies completed for the Texas Energy Ramarch In Applications Program have-devoloped a computer desrgn for s nomlnal 3-con system that would minimize the energy conuvmption (both thermal and electric) while mslntainina a sensible heat ratio of 75% or less. That “optimum design” for the original 1986 DINC cycle wae modified to improve ite energy efficiecy. The modifications deecribed in this paper were: (1) staging the desiccant regeneration air and (2) recirculation of the primary air to the secondary aide of the indirect evaporative cooler. Computer simulations were run to study the effect of the modifications on the performance of the system. American Refrigeration Institute (ARI) standard conditions (Ambient sir at 35°C. 40% R.H. and Room air at 26.7°C. 50% R.H.) were used for all the modifications. Results were sleo compared to the familiar Pennington (ventilation) cycle.

The atudy indicated that recirculating the indirect evaporative cooler air only degenerated the performance. However, staging a portion of the regeneration air could improve the thermal Coefficient of Performance by 25% over the non-staged DINC cycle. Compared to a aimilar staged-regeneration Pennington Cycle it is a 16% improvement in thermal COP and the sensible heat ratio was 70%.     

Technology of Drying and Thermoaeroseparation

ABSTRACT

The DINC (Direct-Indirect Evaporative Cooling) cycle was proposed in 1986 by Texas A6H researchers. The idea wae to combine the benefits of direct and indirect evaporative cooling with desiccant dehumidifying using a rotating aolid silica-gel dehumidifier. Recent parametric studies completed for the Texas Energy Ramarch In Applications Program have-devoloped a computer desrgn for s nomlnal 3-con system that would minimize the energy conuvmption (both thermal and electric) while mslntainina a sensible heat ratio of 75% or less. That “optimum design” for the original 1986 DINC cycle wae modified to improve ite energy efficiecy. The modifications deecribed in this paper were: (1) staging the desiccant regeneration air and (2) recirculation of the primary air to the secondary aide of the indirect evaporative cooler. Computer simulations were run to study the effect of the modifications on the performance of the system. American Refrigeration Institute (ARI) standard conditions (Ambient sir at 35°C. 40% R.H. and Room air at 26.7°C. 50% R.H.) were used for all the modifications. Results were sleo compared to the familiar Pennington (ventilation) cycle.

The atudy indicated that recirculating the indirect evaporative cooler air only degenerated the performance. However, staging a portion of the regeneration air could improve the thermal Coefficient of Performance by 25% over the non-staged DINC cycle. Compared to a aimilar staged-regeneration Pennington Cycle it is a 16% improvement in thermal COP and the sensible heat ratio was 70%.     

The Optimum Heat Transfer Area of the Air Precooler in a Two-Stage Evaporative Cooler

The main objective of this study is to experimentally evaluate the effect of the air precooler heat transfer area on the effectiveness of a two-stage evaporative air cooler. To the best of our knowledge, this effect has not been studied before. In the experimental unit used, there were three identical heat exchangers to precool the ambient air prior to its flow into the direct evaporative cooling unit. These heat exchangers can work individually or be combined to control the total heat transfer area of the air precooler. In addition, the effectiveness of the two-stage system was measured as a function of the ratio between the mass flow rate of water flowing over the packing and the mass flow rate of the dry air passing through the packing; the effectiveness also depends on the mass flow rate of water flowing into the precoolers. The data obtained showed that there is an optimum value for the air precooler heat transfer area at which the thermal performance of the two-stage evaporative cooler has the maximum value. Moreover, the system effectiveness improved with the rate of flow of water into the first and the second precoolers. Note that the optimum value of the precooler heat transfer area should be determined accurately for each set of design and operating conditions.     

加导流条的间接蒸发冷却器性能实验研究

通过正交实验方法,对一台加有正弦型波纹导流条的板式换热器性能进行了研究。实验发现,阻力的实验结果大于层流的理论计算结果;随着二次空气与一次空气流量比的增加,干工况的换热器效能降低,湿工况的换热器效能增加。导流条的应用增加了流动阻力,对换热的作用具有两面性:一方面因扰动而强化换热,另一方面也可能因导流条波谷处的固定漩涡而阻碍换热。由于壁面非均匀润湿的原因,湿工况的换热器效能不增反降,因此提高换热器润湿率是提高间接蒸发冷却换热器性能的重要措施。     

一种低位热驱动除湿冷却空调系统的热性能分析

溶液除湿蒸发冷却空调系统（LDECS）结合了溶液除湿与蒸发冷却技术的优势,是一种具有广阔发展前景的非压缩式空调系统。提出了一种低品位热能驱动的LDECS,该系统由处理全部湿负荷的溶液除湿系统和承担显热负荷的再生式间接蒸发冷却器构成。建立了系统各主要部件的数学模型,研究了再生器进口溶液温度T_s,reg,in、液-液热交换器效率ε_SSHX、室外空气温度和相对湿度对该系统用作全新风机组时稳态热力性能的影响。结果表明,在南京夏季典型工况下,该系统送风参数为17.9℃、9.2 g·kg,热力系数TCOP可达0.56。T_s,reg,in在70℃左右时可以满足送风参数的要求同时保持较高的TCOP。自循环比越小,ε_SSHX对TCOP以及溶液加热器和冷却器负荷的影响越大。此外,该系统适合应用在夏季高温高湿地区。     

硅胶-水吸附式冷风机组的设计及性能实验

吸附式冷风机组无须冷水回路和冷水泵，可满足小型化的应用需求。针对一种由2个吸附床，1个冷凝器和1个热管型的蒸发器的硅胶-水吸附式冷风机进行了实验研究，确定了机组的动态运行特性，探讨了热源温度、冷却水进口温度和冷风出口温度对系统性能的影响。实验结果表明，机组能够有效利用60～90℃范围内的低温热源，可提供0.84～2.29 kW的制冷量，系统的COP在0.26～0.43之间。     

循环水温差的影响因素及对策

针对目前清江石化装置循环水的应用,分析影响循环水温差的原因.通过采取增加循环水调节阀、串联循环水冷却器、深化利用低温热、强化操作等手段降低循环水使用量,提高循环水温差,改善夏季生产装置循环水冷却器冷却效果问题.     

蒸发空冷器在化肥厂自备电站的应用前景

论述了化肥厂自备电站冷却系统的发展过程；介绍了蒸发式空冷器的工艺原理和结构特点；分析了以蒸发空冷器为换热设备的软水密闭循环冷却系统在化肥厂自备电站的应用前景。