菜籽皮不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺优化

以菜籽皮为原料,采用氢氧化钠溶液为溶剂,通过单因素实验和响应面法研究了料液比、氢氧化钠浓度、温度和时间对碱法提取菜籽皮不溶性膳食纤维得率的影响。结果表明当料液比为1:17(g/mL)、氢氧化钠浓度为2.0mol/L、温度为50℃、时间为45min时,菜籽皮不溶性膳食纤维的得率最高,达到65.92%。     

Optimization of subcritical extraction process for cinnamon (Cinnamomum Cassia Blume) using response surface methodology

Food Science and Biotechnology - Subcritical extraction was optimized to maximize the extraction yield of flavoring compounds from cinnamon. The extracts of cinnamon were obtained at three...     

Development of Chinese steamed bread enriched in bioactive compounds from barley hull and flaxseed hull extracts

Hull from cereal and oilseed grains represent low-cost agricultural materials that have not be fully explored as functional food ingredients. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of Chinese steamed bread (CSB) containing extracts of barley hull and flaxseed hull. HPLC and LC–MS/MS analyses showed that the phytochemical profile of CSB containing barley hull extract was enriched in ferulic and p-coumaric acids. The flaxseed hull extract introduced secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), ferulic acid glucoside (FeAG) and coumaric acid glucoside (CouAG) into CSB. All the major phenolic compounds originating from the two types of hulls were found in CSB when barley–flaxseed hull co-extracts were added to the formulation. The total phenolic content was improved by 83.1, 138.3 and 70.3%, respectively when barley, flaxseed, and barley–flaxseed hull extracts were added. The antioxidant activity of CSB containing hull extracts was increased by 34.5–90.7% compared to the control. CSB containing hull extracts had significantly higher (p < 0.05) DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to the control. However, barley–flaxseed hull co-extracts resulted in the highest enhancement of ORAC values of the CSB, although no significant differences were found (p < 0.05). The findings indicate that extracts from barley hull, flaxseed hull and barley–flaxseed can be targeted for development as functional food ingredients that can enhance the phytochemical content of refined flour products, such as steamed bread.     

静态亚临界水提取脱脂咖啡渣中抗氧化活性成分的研究

研究了静态亚临界水不同提取温度(110、130、150、170、190℃)、时间(15、30、45、60、75min)、料液比(1:10、1:20、1:30、1:40、1:50、1:60、1:70)对脱脂咖啡渣中多酚类物质提取效果的影响,并对不同提取液的抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明,提取液中总酚、总黄酮含量及其清除自由基(ABTS·+、DPPH·)能力均随着提取温度、时间、液料比升高先增加后减少,当提取温度达到170℃、时间达到45min、料液比达到1:50时,提取液中总酚和总黄酮含量均达到最高,其抗氧化活性也达到最高值。170℃、45min、1:50是亚临界水提取脱脂咖啡渣中的多酚类物质的最佳提取条件,脱脂咖啡渣提取液可以作为一种天然的抗氧化剂来源。     

均匀设计法优化蜂胶水提除蜡工艺

采用蜂胶水提除蜡工艺去除粗蜂胶中的蜂蜡,并通过均匀设计法优化蜂胶水提除蜡工艺。实验结果表明,水提温度是影响蜂蜡得率和黄酮提取率的显著因素,而水提时间、液固比影响不显著。最佳工艺条件为水提温度70℃、水提时间30min、液固比6,此时蜂蜡得率较高,黄酮损失少。     

Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds from grape (Vitis labrusca B.) peel by using response surface methodology

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was applied for the extraction of valuable compounds from grape (Vitis labrusca B.) peel. Extraction was carried out according to an orthogonal array design (OAD) and independent variables selected were temperature, pressure and modifier concentration. SFE process was optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM) for the extract yield, total phenols, antioxidants and total anthocyanins from grape peel. Effects of extraction temperature and pressure were found to be significant on all responses. Optimal SFE conditions were identified as 45–46 °C temperature, 160–165 kg cm^? 2 pressure and 6–7% ethanol as modifier for maximum extract yield (12.31%), total phenols (2.156 mg GAE/100 mL), antioxidants (1.628 mg/mL) and total anthocyanins (1.176 mg/mL). Experimental values for response variables at these optimal conditions match well with the predicted values. Grape peel extracts obtained by SFE showed more than 93% DPPH radical scavenging activities.Industrial relevanceThis study describes the response surface optimization of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process for the enhanced recovery of total phenols, antioxidant and anthocyanins from grape peel. SFE uses CO₂ as supercritical fluid which is environment friendly solvent; allows extraction at lower temperature and the extracts obtained possess higher quality and safety. Industrially, it may be used as a promising technique for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials.     

响应面法优化碱性水提取柑桔皮渣类黄酮工艺研究

试验使用氢氧化钠溶液调节纯水pH,得到pH为10的碱性水为提取溶剂,以热浸提方法提取柑桔皮渣中类黄酮。在单因素试验的基础上,利用三元二次旋转组合试验设计及响应面分析法,优化热浸提时间、温度及料液比,建立此3因素与类黄酮得率之间的数学模型。经试验确定碱性水提取柑桔皮渣中类黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:热浸提时间为2.2h、料液比为1:12(g/mL)、提取温度为64.6℃。在此最佳工艺条件下,类黄酮的得率为0.115%。     

Enhanced extraction of flavanones hesperidin and narirutin from Citrus unshiu peel using subcritical water

Flavanones including hesperidin and narirutin constitute the majority of the flavonoids that occur naturally in citrus fruits. The main purpose of this study was to extract valuable natural flavanones from agricultural by-products such as citrus peels using subcritical water extraction (SWE). Thus, the application of SWE to extraction of flavanones hesperidin and narirutin from Citrus unshiu peel was evaluated, and the effect of key operating conditions was determined by varying the extraction temperature (110–200 °C) and time (5–20 min) under high pressure (100 ± 10 atm). The maximum yields of hesperidin (72 ± 5 mg/g C. unshiu peel) and narirutin (11.7 ± 0.8 mg/g C. unshiu peel) were obtained at an extraction temperature of 160 °C for an extraction time of only 10 min. These yields accounted for approximately 99% of the total amount of these flavanones in the original material. The SWE was compared with three conventional extraction methods in terms of the extraction time and recovery yields for hesperidin and narirutin. The hesperidin yield by SWE was more than 1.9-, 3.2-, and 34.2-fold higher than those obtained by extraction methods using ethanol, methanol, or hot water, respectively, and the narirutin yield was more than 1.2-, 1.5-, and 3.7-fold higher.     

Optimization of subcritical fluid extraction of seed oil from Nitraria tangutorum using response surface methodology

Subcritical fluid extraction (SFE) technology was used to extract oil from Nitraria tangutorum seed. The best possible combination of extraction parameters was found using response surface methodology (RSM) in a three-variable, three-level Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD). The optimum extraction parameters were an extraction time of 40 min, an extraction pressure of 0.60 MPa, an extraction temperature of 44 °C and a raw material particle size of 0.45 mm. Conventional solvent extraction and supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction were comparatively used. The yield of seed oil obtained using SFE was 12.92%, which was similar to or higher than the other methods. The chemical compositions of the seed oil, determined by GC–MS, indicate that its unsaturated fatty acids content was 97%. SFE proved to be an effective technique for extracting oil from N. tangutorum.     

超声辅助亚临界水提取香菇多糖工艺的研究

以香菇为原料,研究香菇中多糖的最佳提取工艺。采用高效液相色谱法测定香菇多糖的含量,回收率为99.37%,RSD为0.11%。通过单因素试验优化工艺参数,结果表明:最佳提取条件为料液比1∶20 (g/mL),提取温度为110℃,提取时间为7 min,提取压力为7 MPa,提取次数为3次,提取功率为300 W。亚临界水提法可明显缩短提取时间和降低成本,且含量更高。     

Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of Citrus unshiu peel extracts using a combined process of subcritical water extraction and acid hydrolysis

Antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of citrus (Citrus unshiu) peel extracts and their acid hydrolysates were evaluated. Citrus peel extracts were extracted by subcritical water, hot water, and ethanol. Subcritical water extraction led to extract more phenolic compounds than hot water or ethanol extraction. Acid hydrolysis more than doubled the extracts’ total phenolics and flavonoids. Acid hydrolysates showed greater DPPH-radical scavenging activities and antioxidant activities, as assayed by β-carotene bleaching and ferric thiocyanate, than the initial extracts. Anti-inflammatory activities of citrus peel extracts and hydrolysates, determined by the inhibition of hyaluronidase activity, showed that the inhibition activities of hot water and ethanol extracts increased from 2.1 and 1.8% to 37.0 and 18.5%, respectively, upon acid hydrolysis; however, the anti-inflammatory activity of the subcritical water extract was not improved. These results indicated that acid hydrolysis of citrus peel extracts regardless of their extraction methods improved the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.     

响应曲面优化余甘子多酚的亚临界水萃取工艺及其抗氧化性研究

以余甘子干果粉为原料,研究亚临界水萃取余甘子多酚的工艺条件及其抗氧化活性。通过单因素试验探讨了亚临界水萃取余甘子多酚工艺中萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取压力和液料比等因素对多酚提取率的影响,利用响应曲面分析法优化提取工艺。最佳优化工艺参数:余甘子干果粉碎过40目筛,纯水80m L,液料比47∶1,亚临界萃取温度212℃,提取11min,余甘子多酚平均提取率17.08%,实测值与预测值符合良好。高效液相分析表明,亚临界水萃取样品中没食子酸提取率达3.284%,远高于溶剂回流提取。体外抗氧化活性研究表明,亚临界水萃取余甘子多酚具有一定清除DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的能力,其IC50值分别为7.05μg/m L和54.35μg/m L,小于TBHQ和溶剂回流提取样品。体现了亚临界水萃取具有较好的选择性、快速、高效、环境友好等优点。     

Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review

The use of bioactive compounds in different commercial sectors such as pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries signifies the need of the most appropriate and standard method to extract these active components from plant materials. Along with conventional methods, numerous new methods have been established but till now no single method is regarded as standard for extracting bioactive compounds from plants. The efficiencies of conventional and non-conventional extraction methods mostly depend on the critical input parameters; understanding the nature of plant matrix; chemistry of bioactive compounds and scientific expertise. This review is aimed to discuss different extraction techniques along with their basic mechanism for extracting bioactive compounds from medicinal plants.     

响应面优化超声波提取薏米蛋白工艺

以薏米为原料,研究了料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间、超声时间、pH对薏米蛋白提取率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上采用响应面法对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明:在浸提温度45℃、料液比1∶10(g/mL)的条件下,影响蛋白质提取率的3个关键因素为pH、超声时间和浸提时间,最佳超声波提取条件为pH11、超声时间26 min、浸提时间4 h,得出薏米蛋白质提取率为48.71%。     

乙醇回流法提取花生壳中木犀草素工艺条件优化

分别通过单因素和正交实验研究了乙醇回流法提取花生壳中木犀草素的影响因素和工艺条件,结果表明:乙醇体积分数、回流温度、回流时间、料液比和回流次数等因素对花生壳中木犀草素提取量均有影响,其中回流温度影响显著.优化的花生壳中木犀草素提取工艺条件为:回流温度85℃,提取液70％乙醇水溶液,料液比(g/mL)为1∶20,提取1.5h,此时木犀草素的提取量达到7.41 mg/g.     

响应面法优化亚临界流体萃取海带中叶绿素工艺

利用响应曲面法对亚临界1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R134a)萃取海带中叶绿素的工艺进行优化。在单因素实验基础上,选择萃取压力、萃取温度、夹带剂用量3个对海带叶绿素含量影响较大的因素,采用Box-Behnken实验设计对各因素进行优化组合。运用DesignExpert8.0.6软件模拟得到叶绿素提取的回归模型,确定亚临界R134a萃取海带叶绿素的最佳工艺条件为:萃取温度37.5℃、萃取压力11.5MPa、夹带剂用量4.5mL/g,在此条件下,萃取液中叶绿素的含量达到3.128mg/g。     

牛肺脏中肝素提取工艺优化

本研究以牛肺脏为原料,采用盐解-树脂吸附及蛋白质沉淀除去杂质的方法提取和分离肝素。在单因素实验基础上,选取料液比、盐浓度、树脂用量,利用旋转正交组合设计原理和响应面分析法进行工艺优化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为料液比1：15（g：mL）,盐浓度5%,树脂量7%,此条件下肝素得率理论值为362.02mg/kg,验证实验肝素得率为356.65mg/kg。盐解-树脂吸附方法可行可靠,重复性好,提取完全,更适合工厂化生产,且为秦宝雪花牛肺脏中肝素的开发利用提供理论依据。     

超声提取豆皮水溶性膳食纤维的工艺研究

利用响应面分析法优化超声豆皮水溶性膳食纤维（SDF）的提取工艺。在将豆皮高温预处理的基础上进行超声提取的单因素试验,根据中心组合试验设计原理,选定超声功率、超声时间和超声温度3个因素为响应因子,以豆皮SDF得率为响应值建立二次回归方程,相关系数R2=0．9733,通过响应面分析及岭脊分析得到豆皮SDF的优化提取条件。试验结果表明：当超声功率为491．5W、超声时间为26．5min、超声温度为62．6℃时,豆皮SDF的得率可达到最大,在此条件下,理论响应值为34．91％,验证值为35．22％。     

Optimisation of the solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from Parkia speciosa pod using response surface methodology

Central composite design was employed to optimise the buffer-to-solids ratio (X₁: 20–50 ml/g), incubation temperature (X₂: 35–55 °C) and time (X₃: 100–200 min), obtaining extracts from Parkia speciosa pod with high total phenolic and flavonoid contents and high antioxidant activities. Analysis of variance showed that the contribution of a quadratic model was significant for the responses. An optimisation study using response surface methodology was performed and 3D response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical models. The optimal conditions based on combination responses were: X₁ = 20 ml/g, X₂ = 35–36 °C and X₃ = 100–102 min. These optimum conditions yielded total phenolic contents of 664–668 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g, total flavonoid contents of 47.4–49.6 mg pyrocatechol equivalents/100 g, %DPPH_sc of 81.2–82.1%, %ABTS_sc of 78.2–79.8% and FRAP values of 3.2–3.3 mM. Close agreement between experimental and predicted values was found. This methodology could be applied in the extraction of bioactive compounds in the natural product industry.     

紫甘薯结合酚提取工艺的优化

该研究对紫甘薯结合酚的酸水解法提取工艺进行优化。通过结合酚提取前后的多酚提取量及其抗氧化能力差异对酸水解法工艺的提取效果进行分析;根据颜色及可见吸收光谱特征、多酚保留率分别研究p H、温度对结合酚稳定性影响。结果表明,响应面法最优方案:水解时间28. 15 h、水解温度60. 5℃、液料比32∶1,实际结合酚提取量(2. 784±0. 013) mg GAE/g DW(GAE:gallic acid equivalents,没食子酸),与预测量差1. 6%;与基础的游离酚提取相比,酸水解法工艺的加用使多酚提取量提高36. 5%,其DPPH自由基清除能力与铁离子抗氧化能力分别提高1. 16、4. 37 mg TE/g DW;稳定性分析表明,酸性、低温有利于结合酚的稳定。该研究可为紫甘薯精深加工提供一定参考。