基于设备空闲事件驱动的综合调度算法

针对基于拟关键路径法(Allied criticai path method,ACPM)的综合调度算法按路径长度确定工序的调度次序,形成工序组间的并行处理,使设备产生较多空闲时间的问题,提出基于设备空闲事件驱动的综合调度算法.该算法主要是根据空闲设备选择加工工序,思路是以每次工序加工结束作为一次设备空闲事件,驱动空闲设备进行一次可调度工序的寻找:如果可调度工序唯一,则调度此工序;如果可调度工序不唯一,选择父结点路径长的工序;如果父结点最长路径相同,选择用时短的工序.由于该算法在调度工序时不考虑工序序列且以设备空闲驱动,使得该算法按工序并行处理且能充分利用设备空闲时间,避免基于ACPM法产生较多设备空闲时间的问题.另外,由于该算法无需判断空闲时间段的大小、相同设备间的使用均衡和无需空闲设备频繁检测可调度工序,可节约大量的判断操作.实例表明所提出的算法不仅比系列ACPM法设备利用率都高,而且简便可行.     

基于邻域渲染的二车间综合调度算法

针对如何将复杂产品工序有效地分配到具有相同设备资源的两车间加工的问题,提出了基于邻域渲染的二车间综合调度算法。该算法为了实现产品加工尽早结束,提出关键设备均衡策略,将关键设备上的所有加工工序预先按并行加工时间最长方案均衡的分配到二车间;为了减少两车间之间的迁移次数,提出邻域渲染策略和同设备工序车间选择策略,通过计算未分配加工车间工序的邻域加工工序的渲染因子和影响因子确定其所在的加工车间;为了提高调度效率,采用动态关键路径策略和短用时策略确定工序调度次序,按序确定工序的加工车间和开始加工时间。分析和实例表明,所提出的算法产品加工时间较短、工序迁移次数较少且不增加算法复杂度。     

存在设备无关延迟约束的综合柔性调度算法

针对加工和装配综合的柔性调度中忽略工序间存在设备无关延迟约束导致调度结果不精确的问题,提出存在设备无关延迟约束的综合柔性调度算法。该算法通过将设备无关延迟时间转换为设备无关延迟工序,提出存在设备无关延迟约束的综合柔性调度工艺模型;通过将设备无关延迟约束工序转换为顺序约束工序的策略,将存在设备无关延迟约束的柔性加工问题转换为一般柔性加工问题;对一般柔性加工问题采用短用时策略和设备均衡策略确定标准工序的加工设备,将一般柔性加工问题简化为一般综合调度问题并用长路径优先策略调度;对于路径长度相等且在同一设备上加工的标准工序,提出调度前续短路径策略选择调度工序。实例表明,该算法通过考虑设备无关延迟约束时间使综合柔性调度的结果更精确并且能减少产品总的加工时间。     

存在预启动设备的综合调度算法

针对目前综合调度研究中没有考虑存在预启动设备的情况,忽略预启动时间对整体加工时间影响的问题,提出存在预启动设备的综合调度算法.该算法在预启动设备处于空闲状态时采用提出的预启动长路径优先策略,在预启动设备处于工作状态时采用提出的预启动短路径优先策略,以提高预启动设备的并行化和减少了设备的预启动次数;采用提出的调整序列确定策略,确定产生设备空闲时间段的工序为调整目标;采用提出的可调序列工序调整策略,对产生设备空闲的工序的前序工序按层序对其加工时间进行调整,以提高设备的利用率.实例说明提出的算法解决了存在预启动设备的综合调度问题,有一定理论和实际意义.     

考虑层级调度次序的资源协同综合调度算法

针对同层工序数量较多的多品种单件或小批量复杂产品的综合调度问题,以优化产品加工的时间成本和提高设备利用率为目标,提出了考虑层级调度次序的资源协同综合调度算法。算法设计了三级调度策略,首先是优先级调度策略,提高了工序间纵向加工的紧密度;其次是叶节点调度策略,实现了横向工序的并行优化;最后是短用时调度策略,充分利用了设备的空闲时间,提高了设备利用率。利用基于Petri网的生产过程模型进行调度仿真,实验结果表明了算法的有效性和可行性。     

基于交货期紧迫度的综合调度算法

为解决开始时间与交货期都不相同的多品种小批量复杂产品综合调度问题,提出基于交货期紧迫度的综合调度算法。该算法根据产品加工的开始时间由前到后排序调度;当存在多产品开始时间相同时,根据产品优先加工的紧迫度,确定它们的调度次序;如果存在紧迫度相同的产品,将按交货期由早到晚排序调度;若交货期也相同,则将它们虚拟成一个产品统一调度;对被调度产品采用长路径策略和短用时策略确定其各工序的调度次序,并结合设备工序紧凑法确定工序的开始时间。该算法结合产品紧迫度和设备工序紧凑法的优点,使开始时间不同的多产品在尽量减少设备空闲时间的情况下,按交货期完工。理论分析和实例表明,该算法可在二次复杂度内给出较合理的综合调度方案。     

柔性流水车间设备利用率排产优化问题研究

针对具有工序约束信息的柔性流水车间的设备利用率优化问题,提出利用PSODE混合算法来解决该问题,全局优化过程采用群体优化算法,在局部优化过程中通过上下道关联工序约束信息来控制工件的分配,将并行工位总设备利用率作为适应度函数,构建了具有关联工序约束的柔性流水车间生产调度模型,确定生产工件的加工路径、加工顺序、开工时间和完工时间。通过多组方案数值计算结果对比分析,验证了PSODE算法解决柔性流水车间设备利用率优化问题的有效性。     

基于择时的二车间综合调度算法

针对现有二车间综合调度算法在处理具有相同设备资源的二车间综合调度问题时,注重工艺树的横向并行处理,忽略纵向串行工序之间的紧密度,将二车间均衡处理或减少工序迁移次数一并做为调度目标导致不必要时间开销的问题,提出了基于择时的二车间综合调度算法。同时,提出了工序序列排序策略,将加工工艺树划分为若干工序序列,并根据其路径长度确定调度次序;提出了二车间择时调度策略,为工序寻找加工开始时间和加工车间,生成使当前部分产品加工总用时最小的工序调度方案。若该方案不唯一,则选择在二车间中该工序加工结束时间最早的工序调度方案。所提算法既保证了并行工序的并行处理,又有效地提高了串行工序的紧密度,避免了无效工序迁移带来的时间开销。通过实例说明了所提算法的有效性。     

考虑串行工序紧密度的择时综合调度算法

针对目前综合调度算法在处理一般综合调度问题时为了兼顾加工工艺树中工序的并行处理,忽略串行工序之间紧密度,影响调度结果的问题,提出考虑串行工序紧密度的择时综合调度算法。该算法提出工序序列排序策略,从工艺树的整体结构出发,将其划分成内部工序只具有串行关系的工序序列,根据工序序列的长短确定其调度顺序;提出择时调度策略,结合工艺树自身特点,为调度工序选择若干合法加工时间点,分别在每个时间点调度工序,得到该工序的试调度方案集合,从其中选择加工总用时最小的方案作为工序调度方案,若不唯一,则选择工序加工时间最早的方案。实例表明,该算法既保证并行工序的并行处理,又有效提高串行工序的紧密度,优化了综合调度的结果。     

基于非合作博弈和RFID的紧急加单下柔性作业车间动态调度方法

为了实现基于实时数据驱动的优化决策,针对紧急加单下柔性作业车间的动态调度问题,以原有调度计划的快速性和稳定性为目标,构建了基于非合作博弈和RFID的紧急加单下柔性作业车间动态调度数学模型。针对所建立的数学模型,给出了求解算法并求得博弈的纳什均衡点。而后给出了基于非合作博弈紧急加单下柔性作业车间动态调度的分配策略。在该分配策略中,将紧急加单任务的工序两两分为一组进行博弈,进而将加单的每道工序按照它们的实时状态分配给最优的机器。最后,通过生产实例仿真验证了模型和算法的有效性、可行性和稳定性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.