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以氯乙酰氯、间苯二甲酰氯、长链伯胺(碳链长度为8、12、14和16)和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺为原料合成了一系列含多官能团Gemini阳离子表面活性剂目标产物(I8、I12、I14和I16)。采用红外光谱和核磁氢谱对产物进行了结构表征。通过电导率法测量目标产物在不同温度下的临界胶束浓度(CMC),并计算出胶束的热力学参数(、、);在298.15K条件下,通过表面张力法测定目标产物的表面张力(γCMC),并探讨了目标产物的泡沫性能和乳化性能。结果表明:目标产物有较低的临界胶束浓度值(CMC),在298.15K条件下,最低CMC达到0.05mmol/L;I16的γCMC最低为36.14mN/m;泡沫性和乳化性测试结果表明,在298.15K条件下,I8的起泡能力最好,I12和I14的稳泡性最好,均达到100%;目标产物对苯和二甲苯具有很好的乳化性能,其中I12对二甲苯的乳化性能最好,乳化时间为900s,I16对苯的乳化性能最好,乳化时间为629s。 相似文献
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两性表面活性剂(六)——两性表面活性剂的应用性能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了两性表面活性剂的应用性能,包括泡沫力、去污力、润湿力和乳化力,指出两性表面活性剂的上述应用性能皆与体系的pH密切相关,两性表面活性剂本身泡沫力和去污力在实际应用中并不重要,但它们与其他表面活性剂,特别是阴离子型表面活性剂混合体系的泡沫力和去污力却很重要,可以极大地改变配方体系的许多性能。 相似文献
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以二乙烯三胺、氯乙酸钠、月桂酰氯为主要原料,合成了一种新型的羧酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂(3C_(12)taDA),其结构用FTIR,~1H NMR进行了表征。通过铂金板法测定了不同温度下3C_(12)taDA水溶液的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和表面张力(γ_(CMC)),并研究了胶束化行为。结果表明,298.15 K下,3C_(12)taDA的CMC值为0.37 mmol/L,γ_(CMC)=25.56 mN/m;随着温度的升高,3C_(12)taDA的CMC值和γ_(CMC)值逐渐降低。胶束化热力学计算结果表明,胶束化过程是一个由熵驱动的自发吸热过程。另外,3C_(12)taDA还具有良好的乳化性能和泡沫性能。 相似文献
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以三溴新戊醇、十二胺和1,3-丙磺酸内酯为原料,合成了一种新型的磺酸盐型三聚表面活性剂(3C12 TriS),并利用1 H NMR和元素分析进行了表征.通过铂金板法和稳态荧光探针法研究了3C12 TriS表面活性,采用分水时间法和振荡法测定了3C12 TriS的乳化性能和泡沫性能.结果表明,3C12 TriS具有较好的... 相似文献
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磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂因具有较高的表面活性、耐温及抗盐性好等特点而受到国内外学者的广泛关注。分别采用量高法和搅动法测定了磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂TADS-10的润湿性能和起泡性能,采用分水时间法测定了TADS-10对液体石蜡的乳化能力。结果表明:磺酸盐Gemini表面活性剂TADS-10亲油表面的接触角随浓度的增大而减小,而亲水表面的接触角随浓度的增大而增大;在临界胶束浓度附近,TADS-10的起泡性能趋于稳定;随着温度的升高,其起泡性能增强;与传统表面活性剂相比,TADS-10具有较强的乳化性能。 相似文献
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Maria Stjerndahl Dan Lundberg Vinay Chauhan Romain Bordes Krister Holmberg 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2019,22(5):1139-1145
Cleavable surfactants, i.e., surfactants in which a weak bond has deliberately been inserted into the molecule, are of interest when remaining surface-active material at a surface can cause problems. Ester and amide bonds are established as week linkages in surfactants but these generate an acid when they hydrolyze. For some applications, acidic degradation products are unwanted. Surfactants with a carbonate bond between the polar headgroup and the hydrophobic tail are of interest for such purposes. In this article, we compare the physical–chemical properties of nonionic carbonate surfactants with those of the corresponding ester and amide surfactants. The half-lives of the different cleavable surfactants are also compared and it was found that a carbonate bond is slightly more stable to alkaline hydrolysis than an ester bond when present in otherwise identical structures. A nonionic Gemini surfactant with a carbonate bond in the spacer, which on hydrolysis decomposes into two identical single-tailed nonionic amphiphiles, is also presented. The hydrolysis kinetics for this surfactant was studied in some detail and it was found that it degrades much faster at low temperature than at higher temperature. This anti-Arrhenius type of hydrolysis kinetics is proposed to be due to the reverse solubility versus temperature behavior of ethoxylated surfactants. 相似文献
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本文通过DSC、振簧仪研究了聚氧化乙烯类表面活性剂作为增容剂对PVC/SBR共混物相容性的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了PVC/SBR共混物中橡胶分散相的形态结构和尺寸变化。结果表明,在PVC/SBR共混物中加入适量的表面活性剂可明显改善两相的相容性,橡胶分散相尺寸随表面活性剂用量、液体石蜡用量的变化而变化。 相似文献
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Liyan Wang Honglei Qin Limin Ding Shichao Huo Qigang Deng Bing Zhao Lingwei Meng Tie Yan 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2014,17(6):1099-1106
A class of novel cationic Gemini imidazolium surfactants containing amide groups as the spacer were synthesized from ethylenediamine and 1-bromoalkane(C8, C10, C12, C14, C16) by N-alkylation to get N,N′-dialkyl ethylenediamine (1a–e), 1a–e was further reacted with chloroacetyl chloride by N-acylation to get N,N′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(2-chloro-N-alkylacetamide) (2a–e), which was further reacted respectively with 1-methyl imidazole by quaternized to form the surfactant molecule, N,N′-((ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(alkyl-azanediyl)bis(2-oxoethane-2,1-diyl)) bis(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) dichloride. The structures of intermediates (1a–e) and (2a–e) were characterized by IR and 1H NMR. The structures of the surfactants (3a–e) were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and element analysis. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of 3a–e were determined by the conductivity method at 25 °C. The CMC values decreased with increasing the length of the hydrophobic chain. The surfactants (3a–e) showed good foaming stability, emulsion ability and wetting ability. The surfactants (3a–e) also have good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. 相似文献
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可聚合聚氨酯型表面活性剂的制备及其性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TD I)、马来酸酐(MA)、聚乙二醇(PEG400和PEG1000)和三乙胺为主要原料,合成了两种兼有非离子和阴离子性能的可聚合聚氨酯型表面活性剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ,用FT-IR以及1HNMR对产物的分子结构进行了表征,同时对其CMC值、流变特征、浊点和乳化能力等性能进行了测定。结果表明,I的临界胶束浓度为8.3×10-3mol/L,此时的表面张力为38.67 mN/m,Ⅱ的临界胶束浓度为2.11×10-2mol/L,此时的表面张力为31.29 mN/m,溶液表现为牛顿型流体,其乳化能力明显优于常用乳化剂OP-10。 相似文献
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以二乙醇胺与顺丁烯二酸酐为原料合成了超支化不饱和聚(酰胺-酯)(HP)。通过琥珀酸单十二酰胺磺酸与HP端羟基的酯化反应得到阴-非离子型超支化表面活性剂(HPSA),用FTIR、~1HNMR和GPC对其结构进行了表征,并对HPSA的临界胶束浓度、表/界面张力、润湿性能、高温高盐下抗老化性能、乳化性能及驱油能力进行了测定。结果表明:HPSA具有较低的临界胶束质量浓度(0.162 g/L)、较好的表/界面活性(γ_(CMC)=25.1 mN/m,δ_(CMC)=0.077 mN/m)及抗老化性能[ρ(NaCl)=2×10~(5 )mg/L,150℃时,老化15 d表面张力约为25 mN/m]。润湿性能结果表明:HPSA具有较好的润湿性能以及润湿反转性能。乳化性能结果说明:HPSA乳化性能与十二烷基磺酸钠相当,但其乳化抗盐能力[ρ(Na Cl)=8×10~(4 )mg/L,ρ(CaCl_2)=1×10~(4 )mg/L]较十二烷基磺酸钠优异。填砂管驱油实验结果表明:注入体积为0.5PV时,0.3 g/L的HPSA可在水驱基础上提高采收率约5.3%。HPSA可以作为高温高盐油田驱油剂使用。 相似文献
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Two types of N-substituted long-chain alkanolamine surfactants were prepared. Firstly, octadecyl glycidyl ether was synthesized from octadecanol and epichlorohydrin. Subsequently, a ring-opening reaction of the epoxide ring of octadecyl glycidyl ether was performed with monoethanolamine and diethanolamine to synthesize bis(octadecyloxy)-2- hydroxypropylmonoethanolamine (D-MEA)and octadecyloxy-2-hydroxypropyldiethanolamine(M-DEA) without catalyst at 60 °C, respectively. And their corresponding tertiary amine salts bis(octadecyloxy)-2-hydroxypropylmonoethanolamine hydrochloride (D-MEAS) and octadecyloxy-2-hydroxypropyldiethanolamine hydrochloride (M-DEAS) were attained by neutralization with hydrochloric acid. The study on these four surfactants included their surface active properties, foaming abilities, emulsifying properties, lime-soap dispersion abilities and wetting abilities. The results show that D-MEAS possesses the best surface active property and lime-soap dispersion ability. D-MEA has better foaming ability and foaming stability. The wetting ability of M-DEA and the emulsifying property of M-DEAS are prominent. 相似文献
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表面活性剂的生态安全性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在染料与有机颜料制造过程中,表面活性剂的添加可以帮助反应中间体润湿、分散、促进反应的安全,在后处理过程中也起到重要的作用,但必需十分注意表面活性剂的生态安全性。该文就表面活性剂的安全性,包括急性毒性。亚急性和陵性毒性、对皮肤和眼睛的刺激性、以及包括水生物毒性在内的表面活性剂生态性,尤其是对生物降解性的概念作了较详细的解说,并辅以一些数据加以说明,以利于表面活性剂的选用。 相似文献
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以咪唑、溴代烷烃为主要原料,将咪唑环的氮原子进行保护,经4步反应制得5个咪唑型Gemini表面活性剂(C10-2-C10、C12-2-C12、C14-2-C14、C14~(-4)-C14、C14-6-C14),用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征。它们的CMC依次为:2.7×10~(-4)、2.4×10~(-4)、2.0×10~(-4)、3.3×10~(-4)、3.9×10~(-4)mol/L;γCMC依次为:30.60、30.55、30.51、36.32、37.41 m N/m;在石英表面的最大接触角依次为:70°、73°、75°、72°、68°;最大泡沫高度依次为:87、99、125、186、231 mm;最大泡沫半衰期t0.5依次为:218、608、1 157、2 329、2 770 s。结果表明,C14-2-C14的表面活性最高,对石英表面润湿力最低;C14-6-C14的发泡能力和泡沫稳定性最强。当疏水链增长时,咪唑Gemini表面活性剂的表面活性、降低表面张力效率和接触角都增大;而当连接基团增长时,表面活性、降低表面张力效率和接触角都降低。 相似文献
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