Fabrication of SiC particles-reinforced magnesium matrix composite by ultrasonic vibration

Magnesium matrix composites reinforced with two volume fractions (1 and 3%) of SiC particles (1 μm) were successfully fabricated by ultrasonic vibration. Compared with as-cast AZ91 alloy, with the addition of the SiC particles grain size of matrix decreased, while most of the phase Mg₁₇Al₁₂ varied from coarse plates to lamellar precipitates in the SiCp/AZ91 composites. With increasing volume fraction of the SiC particles, grains of matrix in the SiCp/AZ91 composites were gradually refined. The SiC particles were located mainly at grain boundaries in both 1 vol% SiCp/AZ91 composite and 3 vol% SiCp/AZ91 composite. SiC particles inside the particle clusters may be still separated by magnesium. The study of the interface between the SiC particle and the alloy matrix suggested that SiC particles bonded well with the alloy matrix without interfacial reaction. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation to fracture of the SiCp/AZ91 composites were simultaneously improved compared with that of the as-cast AZ91 alloy.     

湍流边界层激励下平板振动响应相似性研究

对流激平板的振动试验设计与响应预报作了分析与探讨。验证了湍流脉动压力自功率的归一化方法在不同流体介质间的适用性。对平板流激响应,考虑流体负载并采用模态叠加法进行计算。通过原始模型与缩比模型响应之间的对比,提出一种平板响应间的换算方法。换算结果表明,该方法可以实现同种介质湍流边界层激励下的平板响应之间的换算。对不同外流场介质的平板流激响应,用该方法可实现理论上的换算。该研究结果对水下结构物流激响应预报有实际意义。     

Microstructure of the pure copper produced by upsetting with ultrasonic vibration

The propagation of the ultrasonic wave in the solids can greatly affect the microstructure of the material. In this paper, upsetting with ultrasonic vibration as a novel method to produce the ultrafine grained material was presented to refine the pure copper grains. For the ultrasonic vibration upsetting, during the upsetting process, the ultrasonic wave propagates in the specimen at the same time. Under the coupling action of the ultrasonic and plastic deformation, the pure copper grains with the initial grain size of ~ 50 μm_? were refined to about 100-300 nm after one time forming process. By comparing the ultrasonic vibration upsetting with the conventional upsetting process, the role that the ultrasonic wave played during the upsetting process was revealed.     

微超声振动细胞切割系统中变幅杆的分析与设计

针对细胞微超声振动切割系统对超声变幅杆的要求,将等截面圆柱形阶梯变幅杆的一端替换成圆锥形变幅杆构成一种复合圆锥阶梯形变幅杆。由任意变截面杆纵向振动的波动方程出发,推导了复合圆锥阶梯形变幅杆的基本理论参量,设计了超声变幅杆的基本结构,给出其制造尺寸。并应用有限元法对变幅杆进行了模态分析,得到了共振频率和位移节点等重要参数。     

Grain refinement of AZ91 alloy by introducing ultrasonic vibration during solidification

Ultrasonic vibration was introduced into the solidification of AZ91 alloy. Various microstructures were produced in this alloy using ultrasonic vibrations at different temperatures of the melt. The coarse dendrite microstructures were obtained with ultrasonic vibrations at temperatures below the liquidus temperature. The fine uniform grains were achieved under ultrasonic vibrations during the nucleation stage, which was mainly attributed to the cavitation and the acoustic flow induced by the ultrasonic vibration.     

Enhanced activity of austenite resulting from ultrasonic vibration in a low alloy case-hardened steel

The retained austenite content of a quenched case of a low alloy steel was examined with and without ultrasonic vibrations. Results obtained are particularly promising and indicate the possibility of reducing the amount of retained austenite in a quenched case-carburized steel by ultrasonic treatment which is of considerable industrial importance. The activity of the austenite to form more martensite has been attributed to the increase in dislocation density and point defects which enhance the number of martensite nucleation sites on ultrasonic treatment.     

新型齿轮超声加工纵向振动系统的设计

在传统的齿轮纵向振动系统中,齿轮与变幅杆耦合处振幅较小,导致齿轮端面输出振幅偏小,满足不了齿轮超声加工的要求.基于非谐振设计理论和全谐设计理论,设计了一种新型齿轮纵向振动系统,该振动系统由齿轮与圆柱杆耦合振动单元、换能器、半波长圆锥形变幅杆组成,齿轮与变幅杆耦合处振幅较大,增大了齿轮端面的输出振幅.圆锥变幅杆形状参数固定时,齿轮分度圆直径和圆柱杆直径对齿轮端面的输出振幅没有影响,减小圆锥变幅杆小端直径可以增大齿轮端面的输出振幅.通过有限元分析和谐振特性实验验证这种新设计方法的可行性.研究结果为齿轮振动系统提供了一种新的设计方法,对齿轮超声加工工艺的工程应用具有重要意义.     

Study on a new type of radial composite piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers in radial vibration

In this paper, a new type of radial composite ultrasonic transducers in radial vibration is presented and studied. The radial composite ultrasonic transducer consists of a solid piezoelectric ceramic thin disk and a hollow metal thin, circular ring in radial vibration; and they are connected together in the radial direction. The radial vibrations of a piezoelectric ceramic thin disk and a hollow, metal, thin, circular ring are analyzed, respectively. Their radial electromechanical equivalent circuits are obtained. Based on the electromechanical equivalent circuits and using the boundary conditions between the piezoelectric ceramic thin disk and the hollow, metal, thin ring, the electromechanical equivalent circuit of the radial composite ultrasonic transducer is derived and the resonance frequency equation is obtained. The theoretical results from the resonance frequency equation are in good agreement with the measured radial resonance frequencies, and they also are in a good agreement with the results from the numerical method.     

不同振动方式下的钛合金超声振动铣削表面完整性研究

钛合金在机械工程领域应用广泛,其加工表面完整性对钛合金工件的耐磨性、疲劳强度、使用寿命有着非常重要的影响.通过对工件施加不同振动方向的超声振动,开展了不同振动方向下的TC4钛合金超声振动侧铣平面试验,分析了不同振动方式的运动学轨迹特征,研究了振动方式、切削参数对钛合金加工表面完整性的影响规律.结果表明:法向振动铣削后的...     

纵振换能器式圆筒型超声电机振动特性的研究

以纵振夹心换能器式圆筒型超声电机为研究对象,对换能器的振动状态进行了分析,给出了换能器弯曲振动的产生原因;研究了耦生弯振对电机机电耦合系数以及圆筒中弯振行波质量所带来的影响,耦生弯振的存在使得定子模态特征频率偏离换能器谐振频率,并使得定子圆筒中的弯振行波产生了畸变。最后,提出一种采用换能器弯振激励圆筒径向弯振的模态组合方式。     

Micro injection of metallic glasses parts under ultrasonic vibration

This work investigates the evolution of structure and mechanical performance of metallic glasses(MGs)under a proposed rapid forming approach. Through the unique ultrasonic-assisted micro injection method, micro MGs parts with fine dimensional accuracy were successfully fabricated. The temperature during the micro injection is higher than the glass transition temperature and lower than the crystallization temperature. Differential scanning calorimeter curve and X-ray diffraction pattern show that the MGs micro parts keep the amorphous nature after the ultrasonic-assisted micro injection. Our results propose a novel route for the fast forming of MGs and have promising applications in the rapid fabrication of micro scale products and devices.     

Gas bubbles in a Hele-Shaw cell manipulated by a light beam

The action of a light beam upon a gas bubble in a light-absorbing solution of a tensoactive substance is studied. The light-assisted manipulations, including the partition of large bubbles and the translation of small ones according to the solutocapillary mechanism, are demonstrated for the first time.     

湍流激励下结构振动特性的半解析半数值算法研究

提出了一种基于随机激励理论计算结构在湍流激励下振动特性的半解析半数值算法.对经典的corcos模型给出的湍流脉动压力功率谱密度表达式进行离散碍到湍流脉动压力功率谱密度矩阵作为输入,采用有限元边界元数值算法计算出考虑流固耦合作用时结构的频响函数矩阵,进而结合随机理论计算出结构在湍流激励下速度响应的功率谱密度矩阵,同已有文献中解析法计算结果吻合较好,证明了计算方法的正确性.之后,将本文计算方法应用到湍流激励下单层圆柱壳振动特性的计算研究.结果表明:半解析半数值方法将经典的corcos模型和有限元边界元数值算法相结合,能够很好解决一些外形规则内部结构复杂的工程问题,具有较强的工程应用价值.     

Same phase drive-type ultrasonic motors using two degenerate bending vibration modes of a disk

Same-phase drive-type ultrasonic motors, using two degenerate bending vibration modes of a disk, are presented. The distinctive feature of the motor is in using the standing wave modes. The motor is not driven by two input signals with different phases, but by input signals with the same phase. Therefore, only one amplifier is sufficient to drive the motor. The experimental results have proved that the motor can yield stable operational characteristics at low speed and high torque.     

Development of a radial-torsional vibration hybrid type ultrasonic motor with a hollow and short cylindrical structure

A longitudinal-torsional hybrid-type ultrasonic motor has larger torque and lower revolution speed compared with other kinds of ultrasonic motors. It drives devices directly and precisely, so it is adaptable to many fields, especially aeronautics and astronautics, as a servo actuator. Due to the different sound propagation speeds of longitudinal and torsional vibrations in the stator, it is difficult to match resonant frequencies of longitudinal and torsional vibrations. In this paper, a new radial-torsional vibration hybrid-type ultrasonic motor is put forward, which utilizes longitudinal vibration derived from radial vibration by the Poisson effect. The short, hollow cylindrical structure easily makes resonant frequencies of first-order radial and torsional vibrations into degeneracy. First, the new structure of the motor is presented. Second, the principle of matching the resonant frequencies is developed, and the motor geometry is optimized by ANSYS software. Finally, a 60-mm diameter prototype is fabricated, which performs well. The no-load velocity and maximum torque are 25 r/min and 5 N·m, respectively. This kind of motor is small, light, and noiseless.     

Theoretical analysis of ultrasonic vibration spectra from multiple particle-plate impacts

Many industrial processes involve particles in a carrier fluid, and it is often of interest to monitor the size of these particles noninvasively. The aim of this paper is to develop a theoretical model of multiple particle-wall impact vibrations that can be used to recover the particle size from experimental data. These vibrations have been measured by an ultrasonic transducer attached to the exterior of a vessel containing a stirred-particle-laden fluid. A linear systems model is derived for the response of the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, which has a single matching layer. The acceleration power spectrum of these vibrations has been shown experimentally to contain information on the size of the impacting particle. In particular, the frequency of the main spectral lobe is inversely proportional to the particle size. We present a theoretical model that agrees with this empirically observed phenomenon. The theoretical model is then used to simulate multiple particle-wall impacts, with each particle impacting at a randomly chosen location. A set of theoretical vibration spectra arising from multiple particle-wall impacts are integrated and compared with the experimental data. The ability of this approach to distinguish between different particle sizes is clearly shown.