ZnO纳米棒的微波合成及Pt掺杂对其气敏性能的改善

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和NaOH为原料,CTAB为表面活性剂,微波加热到90℃,反应30min,成功制备了ZnO纳米棒.X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明,产物是六方纤锌矿结构ZnO纳米棒,长度为1～5μm,直径为50～100nm左右.对ZnO纳米棒进行了Pt掺杂,并对掺杂前后的气敏性能进行了对比...     

Cu2+掺杂ZnO纳米棒的制备及气敏性能研究

通过溶剂热法(无水乙醇)制备了Cu2+(0～6mol%)掺杂ZnO纳米棒粉体,采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对掺杂ZnO纳米粉体的晶体结构和微观形貌进行了表征.研究了Cu2+掺杂比例、溶剂热反应温度及时间对材料气敏性能的影响;考察ZnO(120℃,10h)和3mol%Cu2+掺杂ZnO(120℃,10h)粉体对应元件对甲醛、乙酸、甲苯、乙醇、丙酮、三甲胺等六种气体的气敏性能.结果表明:通过溶剂热法制备的ZnO粉体为纳米棒状结构,棒长度和直径随Cu2+掺杂比例不同发生变化;3mol%Cu2+掺杂ZnO(120℃,10h)样品对应元件对低浓度乙醇有很好的选择性,在395℃工作温度下对1×10–3乙醇的灵敏度为380.5,响应和脱附时间分别为5 s和40 s,对1×10–6乙醇的灵敏度可达4.2.     

微波辅助一步合成ZnO纳米棒及其气敏性能

以Zn(NO_3)_2为锌源、CTAB为表面活性剂,在微波辐照下90℃反应30min即可一步合成ZnO纳米棒,利用TG-DTA、XRD、SEM对合成材料的相组成及微观结构进行表征,并测试了纯ZnO及Pd修饰ZnO纳米棒的气敏特性。结果表明,微波辅助一步合成的ZnO纳米棒属于纤锌矿型六方晶系,直径为100～800nm、长度约2～3μm;对H_2S气体有较高的响应,但选择性不佳;利用贵金属增敏剂Pd(0.5wt%)来修饰ZnO纳米棒可显著提高其对H_2S气体的响应和选择性,并降低其工作温度,使其有望用于开发低温型高灵敏度的实用H_2S气体传感器。     

SiO2-WO3纳米粉体的合成及其气敏特性

采用化学沉淀法制备了xwt％SiO2-WO3(x=0，3，5，10，15)粉体材料，利用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜等测试手段分析了材料的微观结构，探讨了掺杂量、元件工作温度与W03气敏性能的关系.研究发现：SiO2的掺杂提高了WO3粉体材料对H2S气体的灵敏度，其中掺杂量为5％的烧结型气敏元件在180℃下对H2S气体有较高的灵敏度和选择性；本文还对WO3的H2S气敏机理进行了探讨．     

纳米ZnO气敏元件对H2的测定研究

以采用物理热蒸发法制备的纯ZnO纳米线以及Ag掺杂ZnO纳米线为气敏基料制备成旁热式气敏元件,用静态配气法对不同浓度的H2进行气敏性能测试。利用测试结果,绘制元件灵敏度与所测气体浓度的关系曲线,并对此曲线进行了线性拟合。结果表明,Ag掺杂纳米ZnO元件与纯纳米ZnO元件相比会明显提高对H2的灵敏度,两类元件的气敏性能与所测气体浓度呈现相同的变化规律。用拟合方程计算出的气体浓度值与实际检测值间吻合较好,误差小于10%。因此,可以利用这两类元件及其拟合直线对H2气体浓度进行测定。     

Ag掺杂比例对ZnO纳米材料气敏性能的影响

采用物理热蒸发法制备ZnO纳米材料及不同质量分数(1%,3%,5%,wt,下同)Ag掺杂的ZnO纳米材料,制备成旁热式气敏元件,采用静态配气法对目标气体进行气敏性能测试。实验结果表明,Ag掺杂ZnO纳米材料较纯ZnO纳米材料对目标气体(酒精、甲烷、一氧化碳)的气敏性能有所提高。其中,Ag掺杂质量分数为1%的ZnO纳米材料气敏性能最佳,提高幅度分别达215%,128%和76%(C2H5OH,CH4,CO)。借助X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对所制得不同比例Ag掺杂的ZnO纳米结构进行表征,并对实验结果进行气敏性能分析,结合势垒模型和能带理论进行气敏机理分析。     

ZnO气敏陶瓷的制备与气敏性能研究

分别用氨水、草酸铵、尿素和碳酸钠做沉淀剂合成了4种不同陶瓷微结构的ZnO气敏材料。用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电子衍射(ED)法研究了其晶体和陶瓷微结构。采用静态配气法测试了其气敏效应。ZnO陶瓷具有四方和六方2种不同的结晶外形,颗粒尺寸为0.1～4μM。ZnO陶瓷对C_2H_5OH具有较好的气敏选择性,通过SnO_2的掺杂,ZnO对C_2H_5OH的选择性可进一步提高。颗粒微细化有助于提高ZnO的气体灵敏度。     

ZnO纳米线CO气敏性能与气体浓度的关系研究

以采用物理热蒸发法制备的纯ZnO纳米线和掺杂Ni、Al的ZnO纳米线为气敏基料,以蒸馏水调和制备成旁热式气敏元件,用静态配气法对一系列浓度的一氧化碳气体进行了气敏性能的测试。结果表明掺杂的纳米ZnO元件与纯的纳米ZnO元件相比对CO气体的灵敏度更高,三种元件的灵敏度与所测气体浓度均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,且在同一浓度下出现最高值。     

ZnO纳米线气敏元件对单一气体浓度的判定研究

以不同金属掺杂的ZnO纳米线为气敏材料,在350℃下对不同浓度的H2气体进行了气敏性能测试.结果表明,掺杂Ag的ZnO纳米线在H2浓度为2.52×10(-3)时具有较高的气体灵敏度28.549.同时,利用Origin软件对测得的气敏性能曲线进行线性拟合,对未知的H2浓度进行了有效判定.还对金属掺杂提高ZnO纳米线气敏性...     

ZnO纳米棒的制备及其气敏性研究现状

ZnO是一种多功能金属氧化物半导体材料,由于ZnO纳米棒尺寸小,比表面积大,使得ZnO纳米棒制作成气体传感器,可以提高气敏传感器的灵敏度和响应速度,降低工作温度.综述了近年来ZnO纳米棒的制备方法,展望了其在气敏性方面的应用前景.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from