四方排列有序Ag/TiO2空心微球的制备及光催化性能

采用低温垂直沉积法制备了聚苯乙烯(PS)胶体模板,由于低温下粒子热运动受到抑制,排列时发生位错,因此模板中存在大面积四方排列结构。然后采用化学镀法、溶胶-凝胶法在PS微球表面依次沉积银纳米粒子、纳米TiO2,最后高温煅烧除去模板制备了四方排列有序Ag/TiO2空心微球。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对样品进行表征。结果表明这种材料很好地保持了模板的四方排列,具有高度有序的纳米结构。选择降解甲基橙溶液来检验样品的光催化性能,并与纳米TiO2薄膜、四方排列TiO2空心微球的光催化性能进行比较,结果表明四方排列Ag/TiO2空心微球具有最佳的光催化性能。这是有序空心纳米结构和银纳米粒子的沉积共同作用的结果。     

空心TiO2-Q-PDEAEMA/M（0）复合纳米微球的“点击”化学制备与表征

以聚苯乙烯球为模板,水解钛酸四正丁酯制备出了空心TiO2微球。采用原子转移自由基聚合法合成了聚N,N-二乙基胺基甲基丙烯酸乙酯(PDEAEMA)高分子链,利用"点击"化学在空心TiO2微球表面接枝PDEAEMA高分子链,季铵化后与贵金属离子进行离子交换用硼氢化钠还原得TiO2-Q-PDEAEMA/M(0)复合纳米微球。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对制备的复合微球进行了表征。结果表明,TiO2-Q-PDEAEMA/M(0)空心纳米复合微球在水中的分散行为具有pH敏感性。     

空心TiO_2-Q-PDEAEMA/M(0)复合纳米微球的“点击”化学制备与表征EI北大核心CSCD

以聚苯乙烯球为模板,水解钛酸四正丁酯制备出了空心TiO2微球。采用原子转移自由基聚合法合成了聚N,N-二乙基胺基甲基丙烯酸乙酯(PDEAEMA)高分子链,利用"点击"化学在空心TiO2微球表面接枝PDEAEMA高分子链,季铵化后与贵金属离子进行离子交换用硼氢化钠还原得TiO2-Q-PDEAEMA/M(0)复合纳米微球。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对制备的复合微球进行了表征。结果表明,TiO2-Q-PDEAEMA/M(0)空心纳米复合微球在水中的分散行为具有pH敏感性。     

Ag-TiO_2空心复合微球制备及其光催化性能

为了提高空心TiO2的光催化活性和拓展其对可见光的响应,以聚苯乙烯为模板合成TiO2空心微球,再通过KBH4还原AgNO3,制备了TiO2空心壳层表面载有Ag单质粒子的复合微球。利用SEM、TEM、XRD和EDS对Ag-TiO2空心微球的形貌结构和组成进行表征,并以有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物,研究该复合微球的光催化性能。在紫外光下,载银量为2%的Ag-TiO2复合微球2h内对RhB的降解率比同条件下空心TiO2提高23.8%;在可见光下,载银量为2%的Ag-TiO2复合微球在6h内对RhB的降解率比同条件下空心TiO2提高28.2%。结果表明,壳层表面载有适量Ag单质粒子的空心TiO2复合微球,其光催化活性和对可见光的响应显著高于纯空心TiO2微球。     

TiO_2空心微球的制备方法研究进展

综述了国内外有关TiO2空心微球制备方法的研究进展,包括模板法、Ostwald熟化法、LBL自组装法、喷雾反应法等,介绍了这些方法制备空心微球的基本原理,结合实例举证探讨了上述各种方法的优缺点,展望了这一领域未来的研究热点和发展方向。     

微波辐照掺氮改性有序多孔TiO2微球制备与光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和胶体晶体模板法制备了有序多孔TiO2微球,在微波辐照条件下对其掺氮改性,利用FTIR、SEM、XRD、XPS分析等方法对掺氮TiO2材料进行表征,并研究掺氮前后TiO2材料的光催化性能。实验结果显示,所制备有序多孔TiO2微球整体较致密,但局部有孔洞塌陷。微波辐照前后有序多孔TiO2微球的晶型没有改变,依然为锐钛型。XPS分析发现微波辐照制备掺氮有序多孔TiO2微球是可行的,且有序多孔TiO2微球中氮元素质量分数约为1.24%。掺氮有序多孔TiO2微球的光催化性能好于未掺氮TiO2的光催化性能。     

纳米TiO2中空微球的酸催化水解-水热法制备

以水热法制得的炭球为模板,通过酸催化水解法在其表面合成TiO2前驱体壳层,经煅烧除去炭球,最终制得中空TiO2微球。使用SEM、TEM、XPS、XRD及N2吸附-脱附等手段对产物进行结构表征。以苯酚为模型物在紫外光下对其活性进行评价。结果表明,经煅烧后TiO2前驱体实现由无定形向锐钛矿相的转变,炭球烧蚀,从而生成具有中空结构的TiO2微球。随葡萄糖溶液浓度增加,炭球直径增加,TiO2中空微球的球径也随之增加。通过调整葡萄糖溶液浓度可以对TiO2中空微球尺寸进行控制。当葡萄糖溶液浓度为0.7mol/L时,最终所得TiO2中空微球直径约为200nm,壁厚约为28nm,比表面积为66.6m2/g,孔径为6.56nm,整体排布平整。煅烧温度为600℃的TiO2中空微球对苯酚去除率最高,可达81.5%,为同法制备的非空心TiO2的1.35倍。     

空心/多孔微球制备技术研究进展

综述了聚合物多孔微球和空心微球的制备方法及其相应的成孔机理。空心微球的制备以模板法为主,而多孔微球的制备则以种子溶胀法和致孔剂法为主。这些方法各有优缺点,根据材料的用途选择相应的制备方法,才能得到性能理想的中空或多孔微球。同时,讨论了多孔微球和空心微球制备中存在的问题及制备方法的选择。     

无皂乳液聚合法制备PS/TiO2核-壳复合微球

采用无皂乳液聚合法制备聚苯乙烯(PS)微球,将所制备的PS微球经磺化吸水后,利用钛酸丁酯作前驱体在乙醇中反应,使TiO2包覆在磺化苯乙烯微球表面,得到有机-无机PS/TiO2复合微球。在所得的杂化微球表面接枝上可聚官能团,利用无皂乳液聚合将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合到微球表面,得到核-壳-壳杂化微球。用FT-IR、SEM和TGA等方法对所制得的复合微球进行表征。结果表明PS、PS/TiO2及PS/TiO2/PMMA微球表面光滑,球形度好,单分散性良好;通过改变TBOT的加入量可以控制TiO2对PS微球的包覆厚度。     

铁铕共掺杂的TiO_2空心微球的制备及光催化活性

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备铁铕共掺杂的TiO_2(Fe~(3+)-Eu~(3+)/TiO_2)空心微球,采用XRD、TEM、BET和XPS等对样品进行表征,以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解为目标反应,评价其光催化活性。结果表明:SiO_2微球表面均匀地包覆了1层TiO_2,超声有利于提高SiO_2@TiO_2复合微球间的分散性,同时也发现煅烧前对SiO_2@TiO_2复合微球进行研磨处理后所得的Fe~(3+)-Eu~(3+)/TiO_2空心微球部分塌陷,而未研磨和煅烧后研磨所得Fe~(3+)-Eu~(3+)/TiO_2空心微球完整性较好。XRD和BET分析表明,Fe~(3+)-Eu~(3+)/TiO_2空心微球为锐钛矿且具有良好的介孔结构,铁铕共掺杂在TiO_2空心微球中产生协同作用,使Fe3+-Eu3+/TiO2空心微球的粒径进一步减小,比表面积增大。当Fe~(3+)的掺杂量为1.0%、Eu~(3+)的掺杂量为0.5%时,Fe~(3+)-Eu~(3+)/TiO_2空心微球的光催化活性最高。     

掺钒二氧化钛中空微球的制备和光催化性能研究

以聚苯乙烯微球为模板,钛酸四丁酯为前驱体制备了掺钒TiO₂中空微球,并用FT-IR,SEM,TEM,XRD,UV-Vis等技术对样品进行了表征. 研究结果表明,掺杂少量钒到体系中,TiO₂微球形貌没有发生明显变化,得到壳层厚度约为20~30nm的TiO₂中空微球. 但钒的引入使得TiO₂中空微球从锐钛矿相向金红石相转变. 随着掺钒量的增加,TiO₂中空微球吸收边向长波方向移动增强. 光催化降解甲基橙溶液实验结果表明,掺杂1.0%钒的TiO₂中空微球表现出更好的光催化性能.     

Titania nanotube/hollow sphere hybrid material: Dual-template synthesis and photocatalytic property

Inspired by the complicated structure of natural substances, we designed and fabricated nanotube/hollow sphere hybrid structured functional anatase titania material. Cellulosic substance (commercial filter paper) was chosen as nanotube template while silica and polystyrene colloidal microspheres with different diameters were employed as hollow sphere templates. The ultrathin nature of titania layer enabled faithful replication of the nanoscopic structural details of both the template substances. The microsphere and cellulose templates were removed by calcination for polystyrene microsphere template case, and further alkali treatment was carried out to dissolve away the silica component for silica microsphere template case. The obtained anatase titania nanotubes were decorated with nanoscale titania hollow spheres with wall thickness of about 7.5 nm. The resulted hybrid materials exhibited similar but superior photocatalytic efficiency compared with simple titania nanotube structured materials due to the higher surface area endowed by the complex highly porous structure.     

Preparation of B-doped titania hollow sphere and its photocatalytic activity under visible light

In this study, B-doped titania hollow spheres were prepared using hydrothermally prepared carbon spheres as template. The photocatalytic activity of as-prepared hollow titania spheres was determined by degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red dye X-3B (C.I. reactive red 2) under visible light irradiation, and was compared to commercial P25 titania. It was revealed that the photocatalytic activity of the hollow titania spheres enhanced a lot. The apparent rate constant of the hollow titania spheres was almost 22 times as that of P25 titania. A photocurrent-time spectrum was also applied to investigate the efficiency of electron transfer in the process of photocatalysis reactions by different samples.     

Synthesis of submicrometer-sized hollow titania spheres with controllable shells

Submicrometer-sized hollow titania spheres with controllable shells have been prepared using polystyrene particles as a template in conjunction with the sol–gel method. The hollow spherical structures could be confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The void sizes of the hollow spheres were 15–20% smaller than the diameters of the polystyrene template. The shell thickness and surface roughness of the hollow titania spheres increased with increasing the concentrations of titanium tetrabutoxide ethanol solutions. Furthermore, when the volume ratio of titanium tetrabutoxide to ethanol was 1:5, a porous titania structure was yielded, rather than dispersive hollow titania spheres. As expected, the shell thickness of the hollow titania spheres could be readily controlled by altering the number of the titanium tetrabutoxide layers coated on the polystyrene template.     

Synthesis of titania microspheres with hierarchical structures and high photocatalytic activity by using nonanoic acid as the structure-directing agent

The titania, as the heterogeneous photocatalyst, has attracted much attention in attempts to eliminate pollutants, especially organic compounds in water and air. In this study, the titania microspheres with hierarchical structures were prepared by a combined sol–gel and solvothermal method. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) result indicated that the synthesized titania microspheres were of anatase phase. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) showed that the microspheres with well-dispersity had an average diameter of 651 nm and were composed of nanoparticles with about 20 nm in diameter. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results showed that the microspheres possessed high surface areas and lots of mesopores. Further study indicated that the synthesized titania microspheres exhibited high photocatalytic activity and had an important advantage over the commercial P25.     

Preparation of titania/silica composite microspheres by sol-gel process in reverse suspension

Silica gel microspheres were prepared by sol-gel process of silicon tetraethoxide in reverse suspension. Subsequently, titanium tetra-2-propoxide solution was added to the system for producing titania gel. The composite microspheres prepared were analyzed with optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction. Lowering the titanium alkoxide concentration in the continuous phase was effective to depress the agglomeration of fine titania particles. When the titanium alkoxide solution was divided into four parts and each aliquot was added separately, the covering state with titania became more uniform. The composite microspheres prepared were suspended in dye solution under ultraviolet irradiation and examined for the possibility of treating wastewater. The dye concentration rapidly decreased more than with a commercial titania powder, due to the effects of both photodegradation and adsorption.     

中空TiO2微球的制备及其对聚丙烯酸酯薄膜保温性能的影响

以阳离子PS微球为模板, 钛酸四丁酯为钛源, 氨水为催化剂制备中空TiO₂微球, 通过物理共混法将中空TiO₂微球引入到聚丙烯酸酯薄膜中, 考察了中空TiO₂微球的空心粒径及用量对复合薄膜光反射性、导热系数及力学性能的影响。结果表明: 中空TiO₂微球的引入可显著提升聚丙烯酸酯薄膜的各项性能, 中空TiO₂微球的空心粒径和用量对复合薄膜的性能有不同程度的影响, 随着中空TiO₂微球空心粒径和用量的增加, 复合薄膜的性能基本呈现先提升后降低的趋势, 其中当中空TiO₂微球空心粒径为300 nm、用量为1%时, 所制备的复合薄膜保温性能和力学性能最优。     

Preparation and enhanced photocatalytic performance of Sn ion modified titania hollow spheres

Sn-doped hollow titania spheres were prepared using carbon spheres as template and Sn-doped titania nanoparticles as building blocks. The Sn-doped titania nanoparticles were synthesized under mild condition (low temperature and atmospheric pressure). The prepared hollow spheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of Sn content on the physical structure and photocatalytic activity of doped hollow titania sphere samples were investigated. It shows that the increasing of Sn content induces the transformation of titania from anatase to rutile phase. Results also showed that there was an optimal Sn-doped content (5%) in our samples for the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B (C.I. reactive red 2).     

中空微球对硅橡胶基绝热材料性能的影响

研究了中空玻璃微球和中空酚醛微球对硅橡胶绝热材料工艺性能、绝热性能、烧蚀性能和密度的影响。结果表明:二者均能显著降低材料的密度和热导率;预处理工艺不仅可以改善材料的工艺性能,而且可大幅度提高材料的拉伸强度和扯断伸长率。中空酚醛微球对材料综合性能的影响明显优于中空玻璃微球。     

Photocatalytic performance of Gd ion modified titania porous hollow spheres under visible light

In this work, Gd-doped titania hollow spheres were prepared using hydrothermally prepared carbon spheres as template. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, DRS and XPS. The photocatalytic activity of as-prepared hollow titania spheres was determined by degradation of Reactive Brilliant Red dye X-3B (C.I. reactive red 2) under visible light irradiation. The effect of Gd content on the physical structure and photocatalytic properties of doped titania hollow sphere samples was investigated. Results showed that there was an optimal Gd-doped content (4%) for the photocatalytic activity of X-3B degradation.