喷涂气体温度对冷喷涂304不锈钢层组织结构与性能的影响

冷喷涂304不锈钢层耐腐蚀性能优良,而喷涂气体温度对涂层组织结构与性能影响较大。采用不同温度的喷涂气体,在低碳钢表面冷喷涂304不锈钢层,探讨了喷涂气体温度对涂层相结构、致密度、厚度、硬度、内聚结合力以及沉积率的影响。结果表明：提高喷涂气体温度对304不锈钢涂层的物相无影响,不会使涂层明显氧化;随喷涂气体温度升高,喷涂...     

冷喷涂304不锈钢涂层的组织与耐磨耐蚀性能

超低碳钢(IF钢)具有极优异的深冲性能,但耐磨性和衬蚀性差,限制了其在汽车工业中的广泛应用.采用冷喷涂(CGDS)技术在IF钢基体上制备了耐磨性和耐蚀性好的304不锈钢涂层.利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对涂层组织及相结构进行了分析,并在3.5%(质量浓度)NaCl溶液中进行了电化学腐蚀性能测试.结果表明:冷喷涂304不铸...     

低温超音速火焰喷涂铜涂层断裂特性的研究

采用低温超音速火焰喷涂技术在不锈钢、防锈铝基体上制备了铜涂层,并采用拉伸试验研究了铜涂层在单轴拉伸应力下的断裂情况。结果表明,涂层的结合强度在10～20MPa分布,基体对涂层的结合强度有一定影响;喷涂过程中,塑性变形的粒子铺展沉积于涂层表面,粒子与基体、粒子与粒子之间的边界和微孔成为涂层断裂源,裂纹源沿粒子边界扩展造成断裂;涂层的断裂过程为弹性断裂,没有明显的塑性变形过程,表明涂层与基体、涂层内部的结合主要以机械结合为主。     

冷喷涂FeAl金属间化合物涂层的高温磨损性能研究

采用机械合金化法制备FeAl合金粉末,并用冷喷涂法将其沉积在基体——2520耐热不锈钢上,通过后续热处理原位制备了致密的FeAl金属间化合物涂层,研究了该涂层从室温至800℃下的耐磨损性能.结果表明,冷喷涂FeAl合金涂层组织致密,具有不同于传统热喷涂涂层的层状组织结构,该涂层在950℃下热处理后转变为无粒子界面的FeAl金属间化合物涂层;冷喷涂FeAl金属间化合物涂层在400～800℃的范围内磨损性能随着温度的升高不断提高;在700℃下FeAl金属间化合物涂层的磨损失重仅为2520耐热不锈钢的40%.     

纳米Al2O3和TiO2改性有机硅涂层对304不锈钢高温氧化行为的影响

本文以纳米Al₂O₃和TiO₂为主要填料,采用物理混合方法制备了两种纳米改性有机硅涂料,将涂料喷涂于马口铁和304不锈钢表面并室温干燥,获得了两种涂层样品。测试了两种涂层的常规机械性能,研究了600℃空气中涂层对304不锈钢抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明：两种涂层均具有良好的附着力、柔韧性和耐冲击性能。两种涂层均能有效减缓304不锈钢在600℃下的氧化;当纳米Al₂O₃和TiO₂含量比例为4:1时,纳米改性有机硅涂层对304不锈钢的防护效果最佳。     

冷喷涂Zn-Al合金涂层组织结构和力学性能研究

以Q235钢为基体制备高压冷喷涂Zn-Al合金涂层,研究了基体粗糙度对冷喷涂Zn-Al合金涂层组织结构、显微硬度和结合强度的影响。研究表明,冷喷涂Zn-Al合金涂层具有致密的组织结构,涂层孔隙率在0.5%以下,并且在喷涂过程中没有产生粉末相变和氧化,随着基体粗糙度增加,涂层-基体界面的机械咬合得到明显改善。基体粗糙度对涂层显微硬度的影响主要集中在涂层-基体界面附近,随着基体粗糙度增加,该界面附近涂层的显微硬度随之增加,而远离该界面的涂层显微硬度受基体粗糙度的影响不大。基体粗糙度对涂层结合强度有显著影响,当基体粗糙度由1.6增加到10.2μm时,涂层结合强度由7.5增加到46.4 MPa,拉伸断裂失效模式由粘着断裂转变为粘着断裂、粘聚断裂的复合失效模式。     

喷涂工艺对Fe-Ni-B喷涂涂层组织性能的影响

采用高速火焰喷涂技术以及等离子喷涂技术制备了Fe-Ni-B涂层.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线荧光光谱仪(EDX)分析了粉末以及涂层的微观结构、涂层到基体的成分分布.利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了喷涂态的涂层物相.并对涂层的结合强度及抗热震性能进行了试验研究.研究结果认为:等离子喷涂层组织更为致密,但其热喷涂涂层存在的层状结构也更加明显.熔融液滴在涂层表面的平铺效果都比较好.Fe、Ni元素的分布从涂层到基体基本成均匀分布,避免了局部元素偏析所造成的应力集中.热震后,等离子喷涂涂层中的裂纹分布细小且无规律.高速火焰喷涂涂层裂纹主要集中在涂层与基体结合部位.根据材料抗热震性能的能量理论和弹性理论,等离子喷涂涂层的抗热震能力更强.并且涂层的断裂失效主要产生在结合部位.     

传统等离子喷涂热障涂层的裂纹扩展行为

简述了影响等离子喷涂热障涂层失效机制的因素及等离子喷涂热障涂层裂纹的萌生、扩展和合并行为;分析了裂纹尺寸与热障涂层寿命之间的关系;讨论了热障涂层裂纹扩展及其研究趋势。     

超音速等离子喷涂制备水力机械耐冲蚀涂层的研究

SQC-100新型超音速等离子喷涂系统既有HVOF的高速度和涂层致密性,又有等离子的高沉积效率,能够在保证涂层质量的前提下有效降低成本。采用SQC-100型超音速等离子喷涂技术喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr涂层,并研究其耐冲蚀性能。结果表明,孔隙率为0.77%,硬度为1 210HV0.2,结合强度达到72 MPa,涂层性能基本达到超音速火焰喷涂同等水平。此外,获得的涂层具有良好的耐泥沙冲蚀性能,涂层耐冲蚀性是ZG0Cr13Ni4Mo不锈钢的3.88倍,并研究了涂层内部裂纹主要以穿晶断裂形式扩展。研究表明WC-10Co-4Cr涂层在高含沙水流中的水力机械零部件领域有广泛的应用前景。     

基于CO2激光热效应的喷塑涂层界面结合强度研究

用CO2脉冲激光扫描AISI304-喷塑涂层的表面,分析喷塑涂层的破坏特征和断裂行为,研究了激光热效应下喷塑涂层的结合强度.结果表明,可用吸收的激光能量定量地表征涂层和基体之间的结合强度,聚烯烃喷塑涂层-AISI304的理论结合强度为19.9 MPa,当涂层中塑料与基体的溶度参数相近时,涂层与基材的结合界面附着力较强.     

Interfacial fracture characteristic and crack propagation of thermal barrier coatings under tensile conditions at elevated temperatures

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been extensively used in aircraft engines for improved durability and performance for more than fifteen years. In this paper, thermal barrier coating system with plasma sprayed zirconia bonded by a MCrAlY layer to SUS304 stainless steel substrate was performed under tensile tests at 1000°C. The crack nucleation, propagation behavior of the ceramic coatings in as received and oxidized conditions were observed by high-performance camera and discussed in detail. The relationship of the transverse crack numbers in the ceramic coating and tensile strain was recorded and used to describe crack propagation mechanism of thermal barrier coatings. It was found that the fracture/spallation locations of air plasma sprayed (APS) thermal barrier coating system mainly located within the ceramic coating close to the bond coat interface by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX). The energy release rate and interface fracture toughness of APS TBCs system were evaluated by the aid of Suo–Hutchinson model. The calculations revealed that the energy release rate and fracture toughness ranged, respectively, from 22.15 J m⁻² to 37.8 J m⁻² and from 0.9 MPa m^1/2 to 1.5 MPa m^1/2. The results agree well with other experimental results.     

Study of the interfacial phenomena during friction surfacing of aluminium with steels

Friction surfacing was carried out with stainless steel 304 and mild steel 1020 consumables on to an aluminium 5083 substrate in an argon atmosphere. Mild steel bonded well with the substrate and there was evidence of interfacial compound formation whereas in the case of stainless steel consumable there was no evidence of mixing and the coating was found to have a rolled structure on the surface. No clear evidence of mechanical interlock was obtained for stainless steel on aluminium. In both cases a nominal contact pressure as high as 21.8 MPa was required to obtain a good coating. For the mild steel coating there was evidence of transfer of aluminium on to the coating and the matrix had a shear crack along the matrix/coating interface. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

锌漆薄膜/钢基底系统界面断裂韧性的试验与模拟

以锌漆薄膜与304不锈钢基底之间的界面裂纹为研究对象,采用声发射与显微镜实时检测技术与三点弯曲试验相结合的方法,测量了锌漆涂层的界面断裂韧性。同时将界面裂纹长度的有限元模拟结果和实验结果相比较,结果较为吻合。通过ABAQUS有限元模拟发现,界面断裂韧性与多种影响因素有关,界面裂纹扩展长度随薄膜厚度和外荷载的增加而增加,随界面断裂韧性和薄膜弹性模量的增大而减小,而泊松比对其影响不大。     

Stellite-6对激光熔覆MoSi_2涂层裂纹敏感性的影响

为了降低激光熔覆MoSi_2涂层的裂纹敏感性,在MoSi_2粉末中加入不同含量的Stellite-6粉末对304不锈钢进行激光熔覆。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等研究了Stellite-6加入量以及工艺参数对涂层裂纹敏感性的影响。结果表明:通过在纯MoSi_2粉中添加Stellite-6合金粉,可以增加涂层韧性相,改善涂层组织,降低涂层裂纹敏感性;当Stellite-6添加量为20%(质量分数)时,可以得到结合良好、无裂纹的涂层;在不影响涂层性能的前提下,较大的稀释率也能有效降低涂层裂纹敏感性。     

Microstructure and Properties of Laser Surface Alloying 304 Stainless Steel with Si

Silicon was added to the surface of 304 stain-less steel by laser melting the sprayed preplaced Sipowders.The optical microscopy,X-ray diffractionand EPMA were employed to investigate themicrostructure and chemical composition of thelaser surface alloyed layer.The hardness of the al-loyed layer was measured by microhardness testand wear resistance was evaluated by scratch test.Corrosion resistance of laser alloyed sample wasstudied in 1N H_2SO_4+0.1N NaCl and0.5N HCl+0.5N NaCl aqueous solutions.Amicrocrystalline intermetallic compound coatingwith smooth surface and good chemicalhomogeneity without porosity and crack is ob-tained.The hardness is about 720 HV.The wear re-sistance is 2 times better than that of the substrate.The corrosion resistance of the laser alloyed sampleis much better than that of 304 stainless steelsample.     

Evaluation of R-curve behavior of ceramic-metal functionally graded materials by stable crack growth

This paper deals with the fracture toughness and R-curve behavior of ceramic-metal functionally graded materials (FGMs). A possibility of stable crack growth in a three-point-bending specimen is examined based on the driving force and resistance for crack growth in FGMs, and the distribution of fracture toughness or R-curve behavior is evaluated on FGMs fabricated by powder metallurgy using partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) and stainless steel (SUS 304). The materials have a functionally graded surface layer (FGM layer) with a thickness of 1 mm or 2 mm on a SUS 304 substrate. Three-point-bending tests are carried out on a rectangular specimen with a very short crack in the ceramics surface. On the three-point-bending test, a crack is initiated from a short pre-crack in unstable manner, and then it propagates in stable manner through the FGM layer with an increase in the applied load. From the relationship between applied load and crack length during the stable crack growth in the FGM layer, the fracture toughness is evaluated. The fracture toughness increases with an increase in a volume fraction of SUS 304 phase.     

Using ESPI system to measure high temperature fatigue deformation of ceramics thermally sprayed SUS304 steel

The strains in an Al₂O₃/NiCr coating, which was thermally sprayed on SUS304 steel, were analyzed using an electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) system during fatigue testing (R = 0, _max = 173 MPa) at high temperature of 873 K. The strain changes with the crack initiation in the coatings and the delamination at the coating/substrate interface are accordingly discussed.Surface cracks originated from the top coating of Al₂O₃ and stopped at the bond coating of NiCr after 2 cycles test at 873 K. Many surface cracks and delamination along the NiCr/substrate interface were confirmed after 1 × 10⁵ cycles test. The strain values of un-sprayed specimens obtained from the ESPI system agreed with those measured by the strain gauge when tensile stresses were applied at room temperature. The deformation by thermal expansion and stress application at high temperatures can also be easily measured using this method. The strain on sprayed specimens was almost the same with that on un-sprayed specimens at 873 K, indicating the deformation in the coatings are always associated with that of the substrate surfaces at high temperature. By comparing and analyzing the strain distribution on the coating surface, the presence of cracks in the coatings and delamination at the coating/substrate interface can be in-situ and nondestructively detected.     

Comparison of high temperature wear behaviour of plasma sprayed WC–Co coated and hard chromium plated AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel

The wear behaviour of plasma sprayed coating and hard chrome plating on AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel substrate is experimentally investigated in unlubricated conditions. Experiments were conducted at different temperatures (room temp, 100 °C, 200 °C and 300 °C) with 50 N load and 1 m/s sliding velocity. Wear tests were carried out by dry sliding contact of EN-24 medium carbon steel pin as counterpart on a pin-on-disc wear testing machine. In both coatings, specimens were characterised by hardness, microstructure, coating density and sliding wear resistance. Wear studies showed that the hard chromium coating exhibited improved tribological performance than that of the plasma sprayed WC–Co coating. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of the coatings showed that the better wear resistance at high temperature has been attributed to the formation of a protective oxide layer at the surface during sliding. The wear mechanisms were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD. It was observed that the chromium coating provided higher hardness, good adhesion with the substrate and nearly five times the wear resistance than that obtained by uncoated AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel.     

FATIGUE STRENGTH AND FRACTURE MECHANISMS OF CERAMIC- SPRAYED STEEL IN AIR AND A CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENT

Abstract— In order to investigate the fatigue strength and fracture mechanism of ceramic-sprayed steel, rotary bending fatigue tests were conducted at room temperature in air and 3% NaCl solution using specimens of a medium carbon steel (S45C) with sprayed coating layers of Ni-5% A1 (under-coating) and chromia (top-coating). The results obtained are discussed based on observations of fatigue cracks and experimental data on specimens subjected to individual treatments during the ceramic spraying process. It was found that at a very early stage of fatigue life, cracks were initiated at the interface between under- and top-coating layers, and grew rapidly into the ceramic-sprayed layer. However, these cracks did not propagate continuously into the substrate, and the final failure was led by the growth of a crack newly initiated at the surface of the substrate steel. Thus, the fatigue strength of the ceramic-sprayed steel in air could be evaluated due to the property of the substrate. The corrosion fatigue strength of ceramic- sprayed steel was improved when compared to that of the substrate steel. However, the coating layer contained many pores, through which NaCl solution was supplied from the specimen surface to the substrate. Corrosion pits were formed at the interface between the under-coating and the substrate. Subsequently, cracks initiated from the pits and grew into the substrate. Tests were also conducted on specimens whose pores were closed by a shielding treatment. In this case, NaCl solution was supplied to the substrate by cracks initiated in the top-coating layer. The shielding treatment was effective at low stress levels where fatigue life was more than 10⁷ cycles, while it had little effect on improving corrosion fatigue strength at higher stress levels because of the many cracks initiated in the top-coating layer.