TiO2薄膜的制备及光催化性能研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法在玻璃衬底上制备了均匀透明牢固的TiO2光催化薄膜,利用XRD、SEM分光光度计及椭圆偏光测厚仪对薄膜进行了分析。利用光催化降解乙醛气体实验研究了TiO2薄膜的光催化活性。结果表明膜的特性及孔隙度同水解条件密切相关。孔隙度及薄膜厚度对催化活性有大的影响。     

TiO2光催化降解有机污染物机理和影响因素

半导体TiO2光催化降解有机污染物是目前涉及物理化学、材料科学和环境科学等学科领域的研究热点.介绍了TiO2光催化分解有机污染物的机理;着重探讨了光催化反应有机物、反应条件和TiO2光催化剂等三大因素对光催化反应过程和效率的影响.最后提出了在实际应用中提高光催化降解效率需要解决的问题和发展方向.     

Pb2+改性TiO2薄膜性能的研究

以玻璃为载体,采用溶凝胶胶法制备Pb2 -TiO2薄膜.采用AFM、XRD等技术,考察Pb2 掺杂后对TiO 2晶型结构和光催化活性的影响,结果表明,在相同制备条件下掺杂后使TiO2晶型由锐钛型向金红石型转变温度降低,经AFM分析,掺杂后使TiO2粒径增大,苯酚水溶液的光催化氧化分解反应结果表明,掺杂后TiO2的光催化活性有所提高.     

纳米TiO2光催化功能建筑材料研究进展

以纳米TiO2为代表的纳米半导体光催化材料是目前各国科学家研究的热点.将纳米TiO2与涂料、玻璃、水泥和陶瓷等建材结合使建筑材料具有光催化功能,实现了其对表面污染物的处理及自清洁,具有很大的研究和应用价值.介绍了纳米TiO2光催化涂料、自清洁玻璃、光催化水泥混凝土和光催化功能陶瓷等的研究进展,对目前面临的问题提出了相关...     

Ag/TiO_2复合纳米催化剂的制备和表征及其光催化性能研究

以TiCl4,AgNO3为原料,采用水热法制备了Ag/TiO2复合纳米催化剂。采用X-射线衍射仪、透射电镜等对其进行结构表征,得到金红石型均匀掺杂的Ag/TiO2复合纳米颗粒。为了评估Ag/TiO2光催化材料的催化活性,在中性条件下以Ag/TiO2作为光催化剂,进行了在自然光下催化降解甲基橙的实验,实验结果表明:Ag/TiO2复合纳米催化剂对甲基橙的光催化降解具有较好的催化作用。     

1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷光催化脱氯的研究

采用TiOSO4为前驱体,制备出比较稳定的纯水性透明TiO2溶胶,该溶胶为中性.利用该TiO2溶胶作为光催化剂对水中微量1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷进行紫外光催化处理.研究发现,1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷在光催化下分解并使溶液的电导率增加,表明在光催化分解下,不断生成氯离子和氢离子,不同的1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷的初始浓度和催化剂的用量等因素对光催化的脱氯的量都有一定的关联.在此实验条件下,固定光照时间,二氧化钛溶胶的浓度在5至10ppm时,光催化的效率达到最大,电导率的变化最大.     

载体形式和掺杂元素对纳米TiO_2光催化降解甲基橙的影响

通过对比不同形式玻璃载体负载TiO2紫外光催化降解甲基橙的能力以及不同元素掺杂对光催化降解的影响,探讨了提高TiO2光催化降解有机污水能力的方法。结果表明,毛细玻璃管负载的TiO2由于限域微米空间效应的作用,其光催化能力明显好于玻璃片和玻璃珠载体;同时,比较了TiO2掺杂元素Pb、N和Fe在可见光下的催化能力,得出掺杂Pb为最佳,降解率达到94.8%,以期为负载以及掺杂元素提升TiO2光催化降解污水的处理能力提供借鉴。     

TiO2与ZnFe2O4薄膜禁带宽度测定及对光催化效率的影响

采用溶胶－凝胶法在玻璃表面制备了TiO2薄膜、ZnFe2O4薄膜和掺杂ZnFe2O4的TiO2薄膜。利用紫外吸收光谱测定了薄膜的激发波长，计算得到了禁带宽度，并通过光催化分解实验进行了验证。     

环保型TiO2薄膜玻璃性能的研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法在玻璃表面制备了TiO2薄膜和掺杂铈或镧TiO2薄膜，利用高效液相色谱仪（HPLC）、紫外－可见分光光度计、扫描电镜（SEM）等测试手段，研究了不同气氛条件下热处理的TiO2薄膜对油酸光催化降解的影响，TiO2薄膜中掺杂稀土铈或稀土镧对油酸光催化降解的影响，薄膜内TiO2晶粒的分布及形态，薄膜表面化学稳定性等。结果表明空气气氛下处理的TiO2薄膜光催化效率最高。掺杂铈或镧有利于提高TiO2薄膜的光催化降解效率，涂层有利于提高玻璃的化学稳定性，但提高的程度不一。     

磷掺杂解决玻璃基TiO2光催化薄膜的钠扩散问题

采用溶胶-凝胶法在钠钙硅玻璃上制备了纯的和掺磷的TiO2薄膜,分别用AFM、XRD分析了薄膜的表面形貌和晶相组成.磷的掺入降低了TiO2锐钛矿相的结晶度,并且可以与从钠钙硅玻璃基片中扩散至薄膜的钠离子形成磷和钠的化合物,从而降低热处理过程中钠离子扩散对TiO2薄膜光催化活性产生的不利影响.利用罗丹明B作为光催化降解物质来表征TiO2薄膜的光催化活性,在相同的实验条件下,纯的TiO2薄膜的降解率为24.3%,掺磷5%的TiO2薄膜的降解率为50.3%.     

玻璃纤维布负载TiO2光催化剂及其催化性能

用SEM分析了采用浸渍法制备的玻璃纤维布负载TiO2光催化剂的负载情况,又以紫外线高压汞灯为光源,研究了TiO2光催化剂对甲基橙的光降解作用,同时分析了负载次数与pH值对甲基橙降解的影响。结果表明,在试验条件下采用浸渍法制备玻璃纤维布负载TiO2光催化剂的最佳涂覆次数为6次,在酸性条件下降解效果较好。     

活性炭负载TiO2光催化材料的研究

活性炭(AC)及活性炭纤维(ACF)作为光催化剂载体具有较高的比表面积和较强的吸附性能,可以有效提高负载型光催化剂TiO2/AC和TiO2/ACF对有机污染物的光催化降解效率.首先介绍了TiO2光催化剂的结构特性以及各种掺杂改性方法,对负载型TiO2/AC及TiO2/ACF光催化剂的各种制备方法进行了详细评述.在此基础上,讨论了影响有机污染物光催化降解性能的重要因素,指出了负载型TiO2光催化材料研究中有待解决的问题和发展方向.     

The effect of microwave-assisted for photo-catalytic degradation of rhodamine B in aqueous nano TiO2 particles dispersions

The photo-catalytic decomposition of rhodamine B was examined in aqueous nano TiO2 particles dispersions to assess effects of the microwave radiation assisted photo-catalytic process driven by UV radiation. The results of photo-catalytic degradation of rhodamine B showed that the decomposition rate increased with the microwave intensity, UV intensity, TiO2 particle dosages and the circulating fluid velocity. Addition of oxygen gas in the photo-catalytic degradation of rhodamine B increased the reaction rate. The effect of addition of H2O2 was not significant when photo-catalysis was used without additional microwave radiation or when microwave was irradiated without the use of photo-catalysts. When H2O2 was added under simultaneous use of photo-catalysis and microwave irradiation, however, considerably higher degradation reaction rates were observed. This study demonstrates that the microwave irradiation can play a very important role in photo-catalytic degradation.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl red by TiO2: comparison of the efficiency of immobilized nanoparticles versus conventional suspended catalyst

The photocatalytic efficiency of supported TiO2 nanoparticles (mean size 6 nm), immobilized onto the inner walls of a cylindrical glass photoreactor was compared versus the performance of conventional TiO2 Degussa P25 catalyst. For this purpose the degradation of methyl red dye was used as evaluation test. The obtained results showed that the TiO2 Degussa P25 catalyst is more efficient than the supported nanoparticles. The poorer performance of the nanosized catalyst can be ascribed to the fact that the immobilization procedure turns out, in spite of the extremely high surface to volume ratio, in an overall reduction of active surface area available for target molecule adsorption, due to the low porosity of the supported catalyst layer. The kinetics of the investigated processes were monitored and a study on the reaction products and intermediates was carried out in order to evaluate possible difference in the reaction pathway in presence of immobilized nanoparticles versus suspended catalyst. The results demonstrate that the mechanisms of parent dye degradation in presence of supported TiO2 nanoparticles are the same as those occurring in presence of TiO2 Degussa P25 catalyst. The present work describe the results obtained on the feasibility of scaling up the colloidal nanocrystal-based photocatalysis experiment: the comparison with a well standardized degradation method performed with a known material can allow a realistic evaluation of the advantages and the limits of the investigated nanoparticle towards the ultimate technology transfer.     

Surface modification of nanometer size TiO2 with salicylic acid for photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

The efficiency of photocatalytic reactions was limited by the wide band-gap of TiO(2) and the high degree of electron-hole recombination inherent in photocatalytic process, as well as by the limited adsorption capability of photocatalysts. In order to increase the overall efficiency, the surface of nanometer size TiO(2) was simply and fast modified by chemical adsorption in saturated solution of salicylic acid. A stable, light yellow surface complex was formed quickly, which has obvious absorption in the region from 320 to 420 nm. Through surface modification, the adsorption efficiency of 4-nitrophenol by TiO(2) was enhanced from 42 to 84%. The photocatalytic efficiency was tested on the degradation of 4-nitrophenol. The influences of catalyst and its dosage, pH value, and 4-nitrophenol concentration on the degradation were investigated. Under such photodegradation conditions as initial pH 4.0, 4-nitrophenol 5 mg l(-1), catalyst 100 mg, and irradiation time 160 min with 160 W high-pressure mercury lamp, the degradation efficiency of 4-nitrophenol by TiO(2) was increased from 39.5 to 79.3% after surface modification, and furthermore, the degradation efficiency could be enhanced to 91.1% if the concentration of 4-nitrophenol was not more than 1 mg l(-1). Compared with the pure TiO(2), surface modification led not only to improve the surface coverage of 4-nitrophenol, but also to increase the light utilization. Both of these factors were crucial for the photocatalytic activity of heterogeneous photocatalysis, especially for photodegradation of aromatic pollutants.     

Local modification of self-assembled monolayers by a photocatalytic probe

We demonstrate a novel nanolithography method based on the photocatalytic decomposition of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) near a TiO2-coated probe. The TiO2 film was deposited on Ti-Pt coated Si probes by plasma sputtering. After annealing at 500 degrees C in air for 2 hr, the film was in the anatase phase, according to examination by Raman and X-ray diffraction spectra. Island-structured octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) partial monolayers on glass were used as the substrates. When the photocatalytic probe was illuminated by ultra-violet light, the modification occurred on the near OTS SAM islands. No change was observed on the exposed oxide surface between OTS islands. Without UV illumination, no modification occurred on OTS. Thus, the modification of the OTS surface is related to the photocatalytic reaction. A line width as small as 60 nm was achieved and observed by lateral force microscopy (LFM). The diffusion of reactive oxygen species were also observed from the remote photodecomposition of the OTS monolayer. These results should be beneficial to the development of hierarchically constructed nanolithography.     

Nanostructured TiO2 films for dye-sensitized solar cells prepared by the sol-gel method

TiO2 films were prepared on glass substrates using the sol-gel process for a dye-sensitized solar cell application. The TiO2 sol was prepared using hydrolysis/polycondensation. Titanium (IV) Tetra Isopropoxide (TTIP) was used as precursor and Nitric acid (HNO3) was used as a catalyst for the peptization. The crystal structure and morphology of the prepared materials were characterized by XRD, and an SEM. The observations confirmed the nanocrystalline nature of the TiO2. The reaction parameters, such as the catalyst concentrations, the calcination time, and the calcination temperature were varied during the synthesis in order to achieve nanosize TiO2 particles. The prepared TiO2 particles were coated onto FTO glass using a screen printing technique. The prepared TiO2 films were characterized by UV-vis. The TiO2 particles calcinated at low temperatures showed an anatase phase they grew into a rutile phase when the calcination temperature increased. The size and structure of the TiO2 particles were adjusted to specific surface areas. It was found that the conversion efficiency of the DSSC was highly affected by the properties of the TiO2 particles.     

硅烷偶联剂对纳米二氧化钛表面改性的研究

利用硅烷偶联剂（KH-570）对表面包覆氧化硅的金红石相纳米TiO2进行了有机表面改性．采用红外光谱（IR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、热分析（TG-DTA）、透射电镜（TEM）和润湿性实验等分析手段对表面改性前后的纳米TiO2进行了表征．红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱表明，KH-570以化学键合的方式结合在纳米TiO2的表面，并形成了有机包覆层．经测量，纳米TiO2表面包覆的KH-570的质量分数约为7．42％-8．59％．润湿性实验显示，经KH-570表面改性的纳米TiO2具有疏水性．力学性能实验表明，经KH-570表面改性的纳米TiO2能同时提高复合材料的强度和韧性．     

纳米TiO2薄膜光催化剂的制备及性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯作为前驱体,用溶胶一凝胶法,在玻璃载体上煅烧制备了纳米TiO2薄膜光催化剂,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）等表征技术研究了TiO2薄膜的形貌和特性,其光催化性能用4支20W紫外石英杀菌灯照射TiO2薄膜分解亚甲基兰染料溶液表征,结果表明,该催化剂具有锐钛班红石混合晶相和纳米花状结构,纳米TiO2薄膜的光催化能力随着镀膜层数的增加而增加。     

Exploring the interparticle electron transfer process in the photocatalytic oxidation of 4-chlorophenol

This work aimed to investigate the interparticle electron transfer (IPET) process within the coupled-photocatalyst systems on the basis of the degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). TiO(2), ZnO and SnO(2) are used as the model photocatalysts owing to their increasing energy levels which correspond to the IPET concept. In the single-photocatalyst tests, ZnO tests are associated with the highest degradation rate constants (0.347+/-0.083 h(-1) at pH 7 and 0.453+/-0.011 h(-1) at pH 11) and a better DOC reduction than in other single catalyst tests under given conditions. ZnO/SnO(2) coupled tests have constants of 0.612+/-0.068 and 0.948+/-0.069 h(-1) at pH 7 and 11, respectively. Additionally, the 4-CP prefers the breakdown of chloride group in TiO(2) system while proceeding hydroxylation reaction in ZnO systems. Meanwhile, a phenomenonlogical model coupled with the IPET effect was developed to explore the separation of photo-electrons and photo-holes within catalysts. Based on the model parameters, the recombination rate of photo-electrons and photo-holes in TiO(2)/SnO(2) and ZnO/SnO(2) systems is 20-45% lower than that obtained by a respective single catalyst. Thus, coupled-photocatalyst tests, TiO(2)/SnO(2) and ZnO/SnO(2) efficiently suppress the recombination, particularly for ZnO/SnO(2) tests at pH 11.