束状光波大气传输源象抖动时间频谱

本文研究了通过湍流大气传输束状光波在接收光学系统象面上成象位置抖动方差和抖动时间频谱。得到了包含风速因子υ_⊥且适用于全部湍流起伏区的抖动方差和象点抖动频谱的一般关系式。     

部分相干成象的模拟计算方法

介绍了一种模拟计算部分相干光成象的实用化方法。根据部分相干理论，推导出数值计算模型，并采用各种方法简化，减少了计算量。     

用点扩展函数确定卫星反射后的脉冲强度

卫星激光测距系统是一个非相干成象光学系统。卫星形状效应是由于卫得上不同位置的反射器对光子反射的时间不同而引起的脉冲强度重新分布的现象。非相干成象系统在等晕区内是空间不变性的光强线性系统。成象光学系统中象强度等于输入物强度与光瞳点扩展函数的卷积。用卫星的点扩展函数描述卫星形状效应,能非常简便地计算出被卫星反射后的脉冲强度分布。讨论了激光测距卫星的点扩展函数的求解方法和表达形式,并分别推导和计算了Lageos卫星和自行设计卫星的点扩展函数以及点扩展函数作用后的脉冲强度分布。     

两相流电容层析成象技术研究

本介绍了两相流的电容层析成象方法,研究了电容测量技术和实现该技术的电路;并了电容层析成象的计算机仿真过程;最后给出了工程实现的流程图。     

舰船红外成象目标实时识别跟踪算法研究

对前视海面舰船红外成象目标的实时识别与跟踪技术进行了研究，提出了一种新的海面舰船红外成象目标的识别跟踪算法。重点论述了其中的跟踪算法；同时基于本文算法及实际系统使用性能的要求，设计了一种适合本文算法的舰船红外成象识别跟踪系统，给出了硬件原理框图，对系统的实时性进行了分析。     

方形电容层析成象系统的仿真研究

本利用自行开发的软平台,引入方形管道电容成象系统的模型,用限元法计算了敏感场的分布,并结合多种图象重建算法针对１２电极方形ＥＣＴ系统进行了仿真实验,得到了令人满意的结果。     

数码相机成象最佳状态的检测

数码相机日益进入我们的生活,给我们生活带来了巨大便利,但是成象质量的问题依然困扰着我们。文章就数码相机在拍摄照片时边缘成象质量较差的问题,提出用来检测数码相机的最佳成象状态的一种简便易行的检测办法,并找到了型号为DSC-F828、索尼R1和松下FZ50三台数码相机最佳成象状态,并发现数码相机在什么状态下成象最佳是有一定规律可循的。     

两种超分辨ISAR成象算法

为提高逆合成孔雷达（ＩＳＡＲ）图象的分辨率,本文介绍了连续Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ神经网络和ＥＳＰＲＩＴ两种超分辨技术。通过对实验ＩＳＡＲ回波数据的处理表明,与常规的ＦＦＴ算法以及普通超分辨成象算法相比较,这两种新算法明显地提高了图象分辨率。     

部分相干系统无象差成象的快速计算

本文给出一种部分相干照明条件下元象差显微物镜成象特性的快速模拟算法。用于研究照明波长、相干系数、数值孔径及离焦等对成象质量的影响。     

扩展目标高分辨力斑点成象的模拟

介绍了扩展目标高分辨力斑点成象过程的计算机模拟,内容包括大气湍波的模拟、目标短曝光象的形成、目标功率谱的估计、目标傅里叶相位的恢复以及克服大气湍流影响后目标高分瘁力图象的重建。模拟结果显示,斑点成象技术可以克服大气湍流的影响,获得了望远镜口径决定的衍射极限的成象分辨力。模拟所建立的系统,也为进一步深入研究扩展目标的高分辨力斑点成象技术打下了基础。     

Correlated imaging with partially coherent light for remote sensing

Based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral and the theory of coherence of light field, we have investigated the correlated imaging by using the transverse normalized second-order intensity fluctuation correlation function with partially coherent light radiation. The imaging for a reflected object with relative long distance is determined by the feature of speckle-to-speckle correlation. By using the correlation function, we study the effects of imaging distance, the sizes of object lens and reference lens, the source’s transverse coherent width and its transverse size on the quality of correlated imaging. Numerical results show that the parameters of imaging system and the properties of partially coherent light source have significant influences on the imaging resolution and visibility. For an object lens with large enough diameter, the resolution is determined by the transverse coherent width of light source. On the contrary, it depends on the aperture of object lens. The magnification of the system depends only on the propagation distance. This speckle-to-speckle correlated imaging with unbalanced arms have potential applications in remote sensing due to its unique features.     

THz wavefront manipulation based on metal waveguides

In this paper, two waveguiding structures for arbitrary wavefront manipulation in the terahertz spectral region were proposed, designed and characterized. The first structure consists of parallel stack copper plates forming an array of parallel-plate waveguides (PPWGs). The second structure is three-dimensional metal rectangular waveguides array. The phase delay of the input wave after passing through the waveguide array is mainly determined by the effective index of the waveguides. Therefore, the waveguide array can be engineered using different core width distribution to generate any desired light beam. Examples, working at the frequency of 0.3 THz show that good focusing phenomenon with different focus lengths and spot sizes were observed, as well as arbitrarily tilted propagation of incident plane waves. The structure introduces a new method to perform wavefront manipulation, and can be utilized in many important applications in terahertz imaging and communication systems.     

Coherent imaging with two-dimensional focal-plane arrays: design and applications

Scanned, single-channel optical heterodyne detection has been used in a variety of lidar applications from ranging and velocity measurements to differential absorption spectroscopy. We describe the design of a coherent camera system that is based on a two-dimensional staring array of heterodyne receivers for coherent imaging applications. Experimental results with a single HgCdTe detector translated in the image plane to form a synthetic two-dimensional array demonstrate the ability to obtain passive heterodyne images of chemical vapor plumes that are invisible to normal video infrared cameras. We describe active heterodyne imaging experiments with use of focal-plane arrays that yield hard-body Doppler lidar images and also demonstrate spatial averaging to reduce speckle effects in static coherent images.     

微透镜阵列对Hartmann—Shack波前探测器探测精度的影响

微透镜阵列是Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ－Ｓｈａｃｋ波前探测器的核心元件之一。本文从理论上分析了微透镜阵列的性能对Ｈａｒｔｍａｎｎ－Ｓｈａｃｋ波前探测器的波前探测精度的影响，并根据理论分析进行了一系列实验，得到了有益的结果。     

Coherent-array imaging using phased subarrays. Part I: basic principles

The front-end hardware complexity of a coherent array imaging system scales with the number of active array elements that are simultaneously used for transmission or reception of signals. Different imaging methods use different numbers of active channels and data collection strategies. Conventional full phased array (FPA) imaging produces the best image quality using all elements for both transmission and reception, and it has high front-end hardware complexity. In contrast, classical synthetic aperture (CSA) imaging only transmits on and receives from a single element at a time, minimizing the hardware complexity but achieving poor image quality. We propose a new coherent array imaging method--phased subarray (PSA) imaging--that performs partial transmit and receive beam-forming using a subset of adjacent elements at each firing step. This method reduces the number of active channels to the number of subarray elements; these channels are multiplexed across the full array and a reduced number of beams are acquired from each subarray. The low-resolution subarray images are laterally upsampled, interpolated, weighted, and coherently summed to form the final high-resolution PSA image. The PSA imaging reduces the complexity of the front-end hardware while achieving image quality approaching that of FPA imaging.     

Lensless broadband diffractive imaging with improved depth of focus: wavefront modulation by multilevel phase masks

This paper introduces a novel lensless full colour diffractive computational imaging system with a planar Multilevel Phase Mask (MPM) as a diffractive optical element (DOE). The novelty concerns: a methodology of MPM design for improved depth of focus (DoF); design of PSFs for RGB imaging and an inverse imaging algorithm with sparse colour image modelling simultaneous for all RGB channels. MPMs are step-wise invariant. The cubic wavefront coding (WFC) is incorporated in MPMs with optimization of number of levels and width of invariant steps. This design of MPM makes the system robust with respect to defocus (improves DoF) and diminish chromatic aberrations typical for DOEs. Broadband multichannel test-images are exploited for design and testing of the lensless system. We consider two alternative optical setups: Wavelength Multiplexing (WM) and Wavelength Division (WD). In WM, the light beam is broadband multichannel with light sources radiating all wavelengths simultaneously and a CMOS sensor is equipped with a Bayer colour filter array (CFA) for registration of spectral measurements. In this setup, a single MPM is designed for the broadband multichannel light beams. In WD, separate exposures of RGB channels are registered by a broadband grey-scale CCD sensor. Different MPMs are designed for each of the RGB channels. Simulation experiments demonstrate the essentially extended DoF of the designed lensless systems and the advanced accuracy and quality of imaging with respect to the corresponding WM and WD systems with refractive lenses. Due to robustness of the designed lensless system to chromatic aberrations, this advantage has a place even with respect to the lens-system.     

基于最小一乘的虚拟阵元波束形成仿真研究

水下多波束成像系统成像质量的关键主要在于波束形成的质量。在信号频率一定时,常规相移波束形成只有通过增加基阵的孔径来得到更窄的波束,但是在有限的应用条件下,这种方法又受到实际工程的限制。因此,提出一种基于最小一乘估计的虚拟阵元波束形成方法。在低信噪比的情况下,利用最小一乘估计的稳健性可以得到更加准确的估计信号,从而在不增加基阵尺寸的情况下获得更窄和抗干扰性更强的波束,提高阵增益和声呐图像的角度分辨率。通过Matlab仿真并与其他方法比较验证,证明了上述方法的优越性。     

Coherent and incoherent combination of Gaussian beams employing lens array distributed on the spherical chamber

Coherent and incoherent combination of Gaussian beams employing a lens array distributed on the spherical chamber is theoretically analyzed. The output field of each source in the array is coupled through an individual optical system whose local optical axis coincides with the radial direction of the chamber. The resulting intensity profile near the origin is derived. The intensity profile and power in the bucket on the target for rectangular and hexagonal arrangement are numerically calculated. The influences of the center-to-center separation and the ring number of the focusing lens array are given. The synthetic intensity profile of incoherent combination changes little for a lens array scale much smaller than the chamber size. In contrast, the synthetic intensity profile of coherent combination shows an interference pattern with a sharp central peak and sidelobes.     

Statistical model for fading return signals in coherent lidars

A statistical model for the return signal in a coherent lidar is derived from the fundamental principles of atmospheric scattering and turbulent propagation. The model results in a three-parameter probability distribution for the coherent signal-to-noise ratio in the presence of atmospheric turbulence and affected by target speckle. We consider the effects of amplitude and phase fluctuations, in addition to local oscillator shot noise, for both passive receivers and those employing active modal compensation of wavefront phase distortion. We obtain exact expressions for statistical moments for lidar fading and evaluate the impact of various parameters, including the ratio of receiver aperture diameter to the wavefront coherence diameter, the speckle effective area, and the number of modes compensated.     

Effect of aberrations and scatter on image resolution assessed by adaptive optics retinal section imaging

The effect of increased high-order wavefront aberrations on image resolution was investigated, and the performance of adaptive optics (AO) for correcting wavefront error in the presence of increased light scatter was assessed in a model eye. An AO section imaging system provided an oblique view of a model retina and incorporated a wavefront sensor and deformable mirror for measurement and compensation of wavefront aberrations. Image resolution was quantified by the width of a Lorentzian curve fitted to a laser line image. Wavefront aberrations were significantly reduced with AO, resulting in improvement of image resolution. In the model eye, image resolution was degraded with increased high-order wavefront aberrations (horizontal coma and spherical) and improved with AO correction of wavefront error in the presence of increased light scatter. The findings of the current study suggest that AO imaging systems can potentially improve image resolution in aging eyes with increased aberrations and scatter.