风电接入对配电网电压稳定的影响研究

风电作为分布式电源接入配网后会对后者的电压产生复杂影响,利用潮流解的存在性推导了适用于含分布式电源的配网电压稳定指标,并使用该指标在典型的配网系统中探讨了风电的接入位置、接入容量及故障对配网电压稳定性的影响。结果表明,配网线路越短,风电容量越大,其对配电网电压的支持作用越明显,但同时风电自身的不稳定性对配网电压造成的负面影响越大,因此在配电网规划中需要综合考虑以上因素。     

含分布式电源的配电网静态电压稳定性判别方法的研究

分布式发电技术是建设智能坚强电网的重要环节,分布式电源(DG)接入配电网,其对配电网静态电压稳定性影响的准确判断具有重要意义。分析了两类传统配电网的静态电压稳定性指标(L指标和V-I特性指标)在含DG配电网中的应用,推导并提出了基于戴维南等值的判断含DG配电网静态电压稳定性的指标SVS,依据上述指标研究了不同节点类型DG并网对配网电压稳定性的影响。通过算例仿真对SVS和L指标进行对比分析,结果表明SVS指标不仅在重负荷状态下能保持较好的线性度,而且能更好的判断PV节点类型DG并网点的节点静态电压稳定性,这为判断含DG配电网静态电压稳定性及DG的并网规划提供一定的理论指导。     

含大容量分布式电源的配电网继电保护影响分析和保护方案研究

分布式电源的接入使配网由单电源变成多电源结构,当线路或母线发生短路故障时,含大容量分布式电源配网产生的短路电流会对原有保护配置产生影响,造成保护装置拒动或误动。对在未接入和接入DG的配网结构下,相同点发生短路故障时流过各保护装置的短路电流大小和对保护的影响进行了研究,对含DG的配网重合闸方式进行了分析,并提出了一种新的保护方法。     

基于自适应粒子群算法优化DG的配网静态电压稳定性提高策略

为了改善配电网络的静态电压稳定性,提出一种接入分布式电源优化布置的方案。基于IEEE33节点配电网络和Matlab仿真测试软件平台,以静态电压稳定指标L(Voltage Stability Index)和最大电压偏差最小为目标函数,以最大电压偏差小于7%为约束条件,应用自适应粒子群算法(Adaptive Mutation Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, AMPSO)对配电网络中DG的接入进行优化布置,从而提高了整个配电网络的静态电压稳定性。并通过重庆某地区的实际配电网络进行实例验证,证明方案的正确性和可行性。该研究所提出的方案,对配电网络静态电压稳定性的改善有一定的指导意义。     

考虑静态电压稳定性的分布式电源优化布置研究

为了研究在考虑静态电压稳定性情况下,配网中分布式电源的优化布置问题。基于IEEE33节点配电网络和Matlab仿真测试软件平台,以分布式电源(Distributed Generation,DG)接入总容量最大为目标函数,以静态电压稳定指标L(Voltage Stability Index)为约束条件,应用自适应粒子群算法(Adaptive Mutation Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm,AMPSO)对配电网络中DG的选址和定容进行优化。优化结果得出了配电网络中最优的DG布置方案,同时满足了配电网络电压稳定和分布式电源容量最大的要求,该研究对配网中分布式电源的规划提供了积极的指导意义。     

含大量分布式电源接入的配网可靠性及评价体系研究

正1成果介绍智能电网建设将成为继坚强电网建设及风电及光伏集中大规模接入电网之后的新的重要发展计划,其中很重要的一环就是接入并容纳各种形式的分布式电源。分布式电源(DG),可以提高供电可靠性,降低网损,改善电压分布,然而输出具有随机性的间歇性DG的接入又会导致配网运行参数的波动。为了实现配网和分布式电源的协同运行,需要有效的平台及评估方法,对DG接入位置、容量、运行功率因数对配网网损、电压分布及与传统电压控制设备控制方式的影响进行分析,为     

考虑模糊参数的DG配电网静态电压稳定指标研究

为了准确提供DG安全运行域,研究了DG出力不确定性情况下的静态电压稳定指标.考虑在DG出力具有间歇性、不确定性及配网接入负荷模糊性的基础上构建静态电压稳定性指标模型.以异步发电机为例,基于模糊参数下以IEEE 33节点配电系统为算例,对P-Q(v)型DG按不同容量、不同功率因素和不同位置接入配电网.通过仿真分析研究了不同接入方案对静态电压稳定性的重要影响,验证了模型的有效性.为分布式风机电源选址、定容和安全运行域求取提供参考.     

考虑电压约束的配网分布式电源准入功率研究

为了解决分布式电源接入配网的电压越限问题,首先分析了分布式电源接入对配网电压分布的影响,然后分析了对系统功率损耗的影响。利用得出的结论提出一个基于最优潮流的配网管理系统,该系统使用主动控制策略,能够在改善线路电压分布、降低系统功率损耗的基础上提高分布式电源的准入功率。     

考虑分布式电源接入的配网线损影响指标研究

分布式电源(DG)并网对配网线损会造成重要影响,但目前仍缺乏成熟的量化分析指标。开展了比较系统的含分布式电源的配网线损指标体系研究,梳理了配网线损的内部影响因素,将其分为线路基本属性、运行参数及管理因素等三大类;分析了DG对配网内部主要影响因素的影响,建立包含DG负荷需求、并网特点、运行方式及机组配置等四方面的外部影响指标体系,以指标高贡献率与计算分析方便为原则从中筛选得到实用影响指标,并以此为基础进行影响模式的具体理论分析;以某典型10 kV配网模型为例,定量地分析DG在不同并网容量、并网位置和并网运行方式下对配网各部分线损的影响,所得结论可为DG的电网规划及电网的降损规划提供理论指导。     

含分布式电源的配网无功优化研究现状分析

<正>随着经济发展和电力技术的进步,电力用户对电能质量的要求越来越高。配电网电压质量与无功功率紧密相关,故对无功进行经济合理地管理十分重要。因一次能源枯竭和环境污染问题的恶化,推广清洁可再生能源势在必行,很多清洁能源就近接入附近的配网,形成分布式电源。分布式发电(DG,Distributed Generation)并网会改变配网的潮流状态,引起配网的电压波动。因此,国内外很多研究者致力于研究含分布式电源的配网无功优化问题。     

A generalized power flow analysis for distribution systems with high penetration of distributed generation

In this paper, the element incidence matrix has been extended to develop a comprehensive three-phase distribution system power flow program for radial topology. Three-phase overhead or underground primary feeders and double-phase or single-phase line sections near the end of the feeder laterals have been considered. Unbalanced loads with different types including constant power, constant current and constant impedance are modeled at the system buses. Substation voltage regulator (SVR) consisting of three single phase units connected in wye or two single-phase units connected in open delta are modeled to satisfy the desired voltage level along the feeder. The mathematical model of distributed generation (DG) connected as PQ and PV buses are integrated into the power flow program to simulate the penetration of DGs in the distribution systems. The proposed method has been tested and compared with different IEEE test feeders result. The developed algorithm has been used to study the impact of both SVR and high penetration of DG on voltage profile and system power losses.     

计及分布式电源接入的配电网静态电压稳定性评估方法

为研究分布式电源(DG)接入对配电网静态电压稳定的影响问题,推导了能反映配电网各负荷节点电压稳定程度的电压稳定指标,提出了一种针对配电网的负荷增长策略,对DG接入前后全网最薄弱节点以及整个系统的静态电压稳定性进行了定量分析,结合PV曲线探讨了配电网电压崩溃事故的发生机理,对比分析了DG出力波动性较大时,集中接入和分散接入方式对静态电压稳定性的改善效果。所提的基于系统各节点电压稳定指标计算的静态电压稳定性分析方法可对负荷节点电压稳定裕度进行快速排序,并可实现全网薄弱节点的准确定位。DG接入前后的仿真实验结果表明,合理位置的DG接入可有效改善全网的静态电压稳定性。     

A theory of maximum capacity of distributed generators connected to a distribution system using electric power density model

Recently, the number of distributed generators (DGs) connected to distribution systems has been increasing. System operators should know the maximum capacity of DGs that can be connected without problems to one feeder of the system in order to control the system appropriately. Many studies of the maximum capacity of the DG have been presented, but they have produced limited results calculated by a typical or average‐value model. However, many DGs will access one feeder if deregulation of the electric power industry is accelerated in the near future. In order to deal with this situation, the authors have derived a general formula to calculate the range of the maximum DG capacity per feeder. Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. In order to deal with sets of DGs that are dispersed completely on the distribution line, the authors have derived a differential equation for the complex power and one for the voltage drop, which are expressed as functions of distance from the substation. The general formula to calculate the range of the maximum DG capacity connected to the system is determined by solving these equations under the constraints of the line voltage, the line current, and the power factor of the DGs. By a numerical analysis, the authors have calculated the maximum capacity of DGs depending on many parameters, such as the length of the feeder, the DG power factor, and the like. In a short‐length system, the maximum DG capacity is governed by the current constraint, but in a long length system, it is governed by the upper voltage constraint. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(3): 18–28, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20330     

三相不平衡配电网不确定性分布式电源运行域仿射求解算法

高不确定性分布式电源(DG)的大量并网,给配电网安全、可靠运行带来了极大挑战。DG运行域可为DG的接入位置提供参考依据,并可实时监控配电网的运行安全,实现预警和预防性控制。提出了一种三相不平衡配电网中不确定性DG运行域的仿射求解算法。利用基于仿射算术的潮流计算求取节点电压关于DG出力不确定变量的近似线性表达式,综合考虑馈线容量、反向潮流以及电压表达式的安全范围等约束条件,构建三相不平衡配电网的DG运行域的优化求解模型,继而求取配电网中各DG的运行域边界。通过对改进的IEEE 123三相不平衡系统进行仿真,并与近似精确的仿真逼近法进行对比,验证了所提求解算法的准确性及高效性。     

计及多约束的多分布式电源接入配电网最大承载力分段算法

分布式电源(DG)大量并网给电能质量带来风险,评估DG接入配电网的最大承载力对DG规划具有指导意义。建立了多DG接入配电网承载力评估的优化模型:目标为DG并网容量最大,约束涉及电压偏移、电压波动、短路电流和继电保护的相关技术标准。针对该模型,提出了基于约束指标相对于DG容量灵敏度的单约束和多约束协调分段计算方法。基于不同的DG初始值,分段计算可分别采用倒推和顺推2种计算流程进行。最后计算分析了辐射型配电网在多约束多个不同类型DG情况下的系统最大承载力,表明了所提方法在计算精度和效率方面的优越性。     

Development of Three-Phase Unbalanced Power Flow Using PV and PQ Models for Distributed Generation and Study of the Impact of DG Models

With the increased installations of distributed generators (DGs) within power systems, load flow analysis of distribution systems needs special models and algorithms to handle multiple sources. In this paper, the development of an unbalanced three-phase load flow algorithm that can handle multiple sources is described. This software is capable of switching the DG mode of operation from constant voltage to constant power factor. The algorithm to achieve this in the presence of multiple DGs is proposed. Shipboard power systems (SPS) have other special characteristics apart from multiple sources, which make the load flow difficult to converge. The developed software is verified for a distribution system without DG using the Radial Distribution Analysis Package (RDAP). The developed software analyzes an IEEE test case and an icebreaker ship system. System studies for the IEEE 37-node feeder without the regulator show the effect of different models and varying DG penetration related to the increase in loading. System losses and voltage deviations are compared.     

分布式发电对重合器模式馈线自动化的影响

研究了实施重合器模式馈线自动化(FARM)的配电网馈线在接入分布式电源(DG)后发生相间短路故障时自动开关设备的保护配合动作行为.基于馈线上2个自动开关设备间的配合,考虑实际运行中发生故障时DG有可能没有及时退出的情形,针对DG的不同接入方式以及短路故障发生的不同位置,详细分析了FARM系统中典型的重合器-熔断器配合、重合器-分段器配合、重合器-重合分段器配合以及重合器-重合器配合在DG接入后的运行状况.得到了FARM系统中按传统配合方式整定的自动开关设备面对DG接入在短路故障时出现误动、拒动、配合紊乱等情形的内在机理.提出了DG接入后保证FARM系统中自动开关设备保护配合准确的DG容量与接入位置的限制策略.     

谐波约束下的配电网接纳分布式电源能力分析

逆变型分布式电源(DG)产生的谐波直接影响了DG在配电网的渗透率,从电压畸变和电流畸变2个制约因素分析配电网中压馈线对DG接纳能力的影响。推导DG和负荷分布位置对馈线电压畸变率的作用规律,以及考虑电流畸变率影响时最不利条件下的渗透率计算公式。提出基于随机场景的仿真计算方法,针对随机场景集合采用试探寻优的方法计算渗透率。算例验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Optimal placement of DG in radial distribution systems based on new voltage stability index under load growth

This paper presents a comparison of Novel Power Loss Sensitivity, Power Stability Index (PSI), and proposed voltage stability index (VSI) methods for optimal location and sizing of distributed generation (DG) in radial distribution network. The main contribution of the paper is: (i) optimal placement of DGs based on Novel Power Loss Sensitivity and PSI methods, (ii) proposed voltage stability index method for optimal DG placement, (iii) comparison of sensitivity methods for DG location and their size calculations, (iv) optimal placement of DG in the presence of load growth, (v) impact of DG placement at combined load power factor, (vii) impact of DG on voltage stability margin improvement. Voltage profile, the real and reactive powers intake by the grid, real and reactive power flow patterns, cost of energy losses, savings in cost of energy loss and cost of power obtained from DGs are determined. The results show the importance of installing the suitable size of DG at the suitable location. The results are obtained with all sensitivity based methods on the IEEE 12-bus, modified 12-bus, 69-bus and 85-bus test systems.