热处理对真空熔烧Ni-WC-RE涂层的影响

利用真空熔烧方法在45钢基体上制备Ni-WC-RE涂层,并进行正火和调质处理.对热处理后的45钢试样硬度进行测试,并对其组织用SEM、能谱仪进行分析.结果表明,正火和调质热处理,能够提高45钢基体的硬度,促进涂层中的WC弥散化及涂层内各相之间的互扩散,但对涂层表面硬度、内部硬度分布趋势影响45钢不大.涂层进行调质热处理是提高试样性能较好的方法之一.     

20CrMo钢激光熔覆Fe-Cr涂层与性能研究

采用激光熔覆的方法在20Cr Mo活塞连杆钢表面制备了Fe-20Cr、Fe-30Cr和Fe-40Cr涂层,研究了不同Cr含量的铁基熔覆层的界面形貌、物相组成、电化学性能和腐蚀磨损性能。结果表明,激光熔覆Fe-20Cr、Fe-30Cr和Fe-40Cr涂层与基体实现了较为良好的冶金结合,基体与熔覆层的界面结合处都没有发现显微孔洞、夹杂或者裂纹的存在;3种激光熔覆涂层的点腐蚀电位都更高,抗点腐蚀能力优于20Cr Mo基材;随着激光熔覆涂层中Cr元素含量的增加,涂层的抗腐蚀磨损性能有所提高,且3种激光熔覆涂层的抗腐蚀磨损性能均明显优于活塞连杆20Cr Mo基材。     

热处理对钴-碳化钨合金涂层组织的影响

采用真空熔覆的方法，在45钢表面涂覆一层钴．碳化钨合金复合涂层，并对其进行正火或调质处理，对热处理前后合金涂层的硬度和组织进行了分析。结果表明，采用正火或调质处理后提高了基体的硬度，正火处理后涂层的组织形貌基本没有变化，而调质处理后，涂层中的碳化钨聚集，形成较大的块状相，在靠近涂层界面的基体中产生裂纹。涂层的X射线衍射分析说明正火和调质处理后衍射图相似，相种类没有改变。     

激光熔覆Ni60Zr20Nb15Al5非晶合金涂层组织及性能研究

依照非晶形成能力的三判据原则及非晶成分团簇线定律法则,选取在常规非晶合金制备过程中呈现较强非晶形成能力的Ni60Zr20Nb15Al5合金成分,研究其在不同激光功率条件下在45#钢表面得到的熔覆层的微观组织和力学及腐蚀性能.结果表明:熔覆涂层由熔覆层、结合区和热影响区组成,物相包括非晶相及Al3Zr5、Al3Nb11N...     

激光熔覆SiC/Co复合涂层的组织与性能研究

在45钢表面采用激光熔覆工艺制备了SiC/Co复合涂层,分析了涂层的显微组织,测试了涂层的硬度和摩擦学性能.结果表明:SiC/Co涂层主要由γ-Co和Cr<,23>C<,6>共晶组织组成,涂层结合区为枝晶,熔覆区为等轴晶;熔覆区的显微硬度为1300～1500HK,约为45钢基体硬度的4倍;该涂层明显改善了45钢基体的摩...     

45钢表面激光熔覆Ni60-TiC 陶瓷涂层的耐磨耐蚀性能

柱塞抽油泵柱塞(45钢)长期工作在高摩擦、高腐蚀环境下,需要改善其工作表面的耐磨性及耐蚀性以提高其工作效率、延长使用寿命。采用激光熔覆技术在45钢表面熔覆Ni60-TiC混合粉末制备金属陶瓷涂层,对熔覆不同TiC含量(0%、10%、20%、30%,质量分数,下同)的涂层进行显微硬度测试、摩擦磨损试验及耐腐蚀试验,同时对涂层微观形貌进行表征。结果表明:涂层中加入TiC能有效改善涂层的耐磨耐蚀性能,提高涂层的硬度,降低摩擦系数。综合考虑柱塞抽油泵柱塞实际工作环境,涂层中TiC含量为20%-30%时涂层的耐磨性耐腐蚀性最好。     

快速激光熔覆Ni/不锈钢堆焊层组织及耐蚀性能研究

目的提高CT90钢耐腐蚀性能的同时,大幅度提升激光熔覆效率。方法用快速激光熔覆在CT90连续油管表面堆焊一层Ni/不锈钢涂层。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱(EDS)研究涂层组织结构特征,用电化学工作站测试涂层耐全面腐蚀和点蚀的能力,通过SEM分析试样表面腐蚀形貌。结果一次扫描后,CT90连续油管表面制备了一层约200μm厚的316L/Ni堆焊层,堆焊层由约50μm厚的扩散区与150μm厚的涂层区组成。堆焊层致密程度较高,其孔隙率仅约为0.4%,稀释率约为1.7%。熔覆层晶粒主要以柱状晶的方式垂直于熔覆层/基体界面生长,表面存在少量等轴晶区和板条形貌的晶粒。与涂层区晶粒内部相比,涂层区晶界处的Cr含量降低约1.2%。熔覆316L/Ni堆焊层后,CT90连续油管的自腐蚀电位升高约0.55 V,自腐蚀电流密度降低约95%,点蚀电位约为0.34 V。电化学测试后,CT90试样表面腐蚀严重,而熔覆层大部分区域仍保持测试前形态,少量区域发生局部腐蚀,腐蚀区域呈现蜂窝形貌。结论快速激光熔覆在保证熔覆层低孔隙率、高致密度、低稀释的同时,还显著提升了激光熔覆的生产效率。涂层能够显著提升CT90钢耐全面腐蚀及局部腐蚀的能力,使得CT90钢的腐蚀形式发生变化。     

激光熔覆Ni-WC/Cr3C2涂层组织及性能

采用激光技术在45钢表面熔覆Ni-WC/Cr₃C₂涂层,采用SEM,XRD等手段进行熔覆层的显微组织、相组成及成分分析,并测试熔覆层的耐蚀性和耐磨性能.结果表明,Ni-WC/Cr₃C₂熔覆层底部生成方向性较强的胞状树枝晶,中上部组织为细小的树枝晶.涂层主要是由γ-(Fe, Ni),M₂₃C₆型碳化物以及未熔的WC颗粒组成.细晶强化、合金元素固溶强化以及碳化物强化的共同作用,使熔覆层的显微硬度提高至711HV0.1.熔覆层耐蚀性明显改善,腐蚀电流密度约为45钢的1/4.随着摩擦速度的增大,激光熔覆Ni-WC/Cr₃C₂涂层和45钢磨损量增加,且熔覆层的磨损量低于45钢,表明其耐磨性能明显提高.     

热处理对镍基合金碳化钨硬面涂层疲劳强度的影响

为了提高真空熔覆Ni基合金-WC复合涂层的基体硬度和强度，对涂层后的材料进行正火或调质处理，并比较了热处理前后涂层的基体硬度以及涂层的硬度分布。通过旋转弯曲疲劳试验，比较涂层试样与未涂层试样在正火或调质处理后的疲劳强度。试验结果表明，热处理能够提高涂层基体的硬度；经过正火或调质处理后的涂层试样，在高周疲劳时，它们的疲劳强度基本相同；在低周疲劳时，调质涂层试样的疲劳强度比正火涂层试样的大。     

激光熔敷Ni基合金涂层的腐蚀磨损性能研究

系统研究了２１－４Ｎ阀门钢表面激光敷Ｎｉ基ＷＣ合金,Ｎｉ基ＷＣ稀土（ＣｅＯ２）合金涂层,在不同冲击速度和腐蚀介质浓度下的动腐蚀、动磨损和腐蚀磨损性能。试验结果表明,激光熔敷层的腐蚀磨损性能优于２Ｃｒ１３钢,Ｎｉ６０＋２０％ＷＣ＋０．５％ＣｅＯ２具有最佳的抗腐蚀磨损性能。根据试验结果,用多元回归分析方法分别建立了冲击速度,介质浓度与腐蚀磨损速率之间,动腐蚀速率,动磨损速率与腐蚀磨损速率间的定量关系,     

Effect of silicate pretreatment, post-sealing and additives on corrosion resistance of phosphated galvanized steel

Sodium silicate （water glass） pretreatment before phosphating, silicate post-sealing after phosphating and adding silicate to a traditional phosphating solution were respectively carried out to obtain the improved phosphate coatings with high corrosion resistance and coverage on hot-dip galvanized（HDG） steel. The corrosion resistance, morphology and chemical composition of the coatings were investigated using neutral salt spray（NSS） tests, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）. The results show that pretreatment HDG steel with silicate solutions, phosphate coatings with finer crystals and higher coverage are formed and the corrosion resistance is enhanced. Adding silicate to a traditional phosphating solution, the surface morphology of the coatings is nearly unchanged. The corrosion resistance of the coatings is mainly dependent on phosphating time. Phosphating for a longer time （such as 5 min）, the corrosion resistance, increasing with concentration of silicate, is improved significantly. Post-sealing the phosphated HDG steel with silicate solutions, the pores among the zinc phosphate crystals are sealed with the films containing Si, P, O and Zn and the continuous composite coatings are formed. The corrosion resistance of the composite coatings, related to the pH value, contents of hydrated gel of silica and Si2O^2- 5 and post-sealing time, is increased markedly. The improved coatings with optimal corrosion resistance are obtained for phosphating 5 min and post-sealing with 5 g/L silicate solution for 10 min.     

纳米WC/PTFE镍基复合电刷镀层的摩擦磨损与耐腐蚀性能

针对单一纳米颗粒电刷镀镀层综合性能存在的不足,利用电刷镀技术在45钢基材上制备含纳米WC和PTFE的镍基复合镀层。采用扫描电子显微镜观察电刷镀复合镀层的表面形貌和显微结构,球盘式摩擦磨损试验机测试其干摩擦条件下摩擦磨损性能,在pH=4浓度为0.05mmol/L的硫酸溶液中进行耐腐蚀性试验。结果表明:在镀液中添加不同含量纳米粒子,可以不同程度填补粒子之间的空缺,使镀层表面平整、光滑;含纳米WC和PTFE镍基复合镀层的耐磨损和耐腐蚀性能强于纯镍基镀层和45钢基体,这是由于纳米粒子细晶强化和弥散强化所致;当含1.5g/L纳米WC与7g/L纳米PTFE乳液的复合镀层耐磨损性能最佳;含1g/L纳米WC与5g/L纳米PTFE复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能较纯镍基复合镀层提高一倍;45钢的磨损机制是粘着磨损,纯镍基镀层的磨损机制是剥层磨损,纳米WC/PTFE镍基复合镀层的磨损机制是磨粒磨损。     

两种涂层和两种钢在液/固两相流中冲刷与腐蚀的交互作用

用失重法和电化学法系统地研究了20钢基体、两种Ni基涂层(Ni60JH和Delelo50)以及对比材料lCrl8Ni9Ti不锈钢在液／固两相流(5％H2SO4 15％石英砂)中冲刷与腐蚀的交互作用．实验表明：(1)在冲刷速率为5—10m／s时，Ni60JH涂层的耐冲刷腐蚀性能比基体高8—15倍多，并优于1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢；DelelO50涂层的耐冲刷腐蚀性能比基体高3—5倍多．(2)随着冲刷速率的提高，4种材料的冲刷腐蚀交互作用失重率在冲刷腐蚀总失重率中所占比例显著增大，由低速时的45％增加到高速时的80％，从而使冲刷腐蚀交互作用失重率在冲刷腐蚀总失重率中占主导地位．(3)在纯腐蚀中，Ni60JH涂层和1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢以均匀腐蚀为主要特征，而DelelO50涂层和20钢以选择性腐蚀为主要特征．     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of arc sprayed Zn-Al coatings

Cored wires and high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) technique were applied to produce high Al content Zn-Al alloy coatings on low carbon steel substrates. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of Zn, Al and Zn-Al coatings were studied with potentiodynamic measurement in 5 % NaCl solution. Compared with pure Zn, pure Al and Zn-15Al coatings, Zn-26Al coatings show a higher corrosion resistance in salt solution. The potentiodynamic polarization tests show that the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al coatings increases as Al content is raised. Pure Al coating exhibits different electrochemical behaviors with other coatings. The corrosion initiated at the micro-pores of the coating and the underlying corrosion mechanism is very similar to that of the pitting corrosion.     

几种不同材料在含硫介质中的腐蚀性

用失重法和恒电位极化法研究了45#碳钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti、304不锈钢和Ni-P合金镀层在含S介质中的腐蚀性.结果表明,低温条件下,S2-浓度变化对4种材料阴极极化和阳极极化影响较小,1Cr18Ni9Ti和304不锈钢的极化曲线相似,为典型的阴、阳极控制的电化学腐蚀过程,自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流相近;Ni-P合金镀层出现了钝化区;45#碳钢出现了阳极控制的扩散过程.温度升高,腐蚀速率增大,1Cr18Ni9Ti和304不锈钢的极化率变大,Ni-P合金镀层的钝化性能减弱, 1Cr18Ni9Ti、304不锈钢和Ni-P合金镀层均是含S介质中的耐蚀材料.     

镍基金属陶瓷涂层在人工海水中的摩擦学性能

目的探讨镍基金属陶瓷涂层在海水中的耐腐蚀磨损性能。方法采用激光熔覆技术在45钢表面制备了1.1 mm厚的镍基金属陶瓷涂层。采用电化学测试系统,对比分析了涂层的耐蚀性。采用往复式摩擦磨损试验机,测量了涂层在干摩擦及海水环境下的摩擦系数。采用扫描电镜等手段分析了涂层和磨痕的表面形貌。结果镍基金属陶瓷涂层的表面硬度约为基体的3倍,且硬度较均匀。在结合区开始,硬度剧烈下降,直至降为基体硬度。在3.5%Na Cl溶液中,镍基金属陶瓷涂层的腐蚀倾向低于316L不锈钢及316L堆焊层,而腐蚀速率介于两者之间。干摩擦条件下,镍基金属陶瓷涂层明显降低了基体的摩擦系数(从0.58降低至0.49)和磨损量(降低了50%)。与干摩擦实验相比,人工海水明显降低了镍基金属陶瓷涂层的摩擦系数(从0.49降低至0.37)和磨损量(降低了40%)。结论由于具有良好的耐蚀性和较高的硬度,镍基金属陶瓷涂层在人工海水中表现出了良好的耐磨耐蚀性能。磨损过程中,人工海水的冷却、润滑作用和其中盐类的隔离作用,有效改善了摩擦界面的接触状态,提高了镍基金属陶瓷涂层的耐磨性。     

氮化硅掺杂环氧树脂复合涂层的制备及耐腐蚀性能研究

目的将氮化硅作为填料加入环氧树脂,提高碳钢Q235有机涂层的耐腐蚀性能。方法利用球磨法将氮化硅填料均匀分散在环氧树脂中,探究了不同氮化硅含量涂层对Q235碳钢基体的保护,利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、吸水率实验、附着力实验及盐雾实验表征不同氮化硅含量涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果添加氮化硅后,涂层的低频阻抗模值及干湿态附着力均有不同程度提高。同时,氮化硅的加入降低了涂层的吸水率,增加了涂层的耐盐雾时间。浸泡初期(0.5 h),环氧树脂涂层(不含氮化硅)的低频阻抗模值为7.7×10~8?·cm~2,添加氮化硅的涂层的低频阻抗模值均增加了两个数量级,氮化硅含量为5%涂层的低频阻抗模值最大,为8.6×10~(10)?·cm~2。随着浸泡时间的增加,不同氮化硅含量的涂层低频阻抗模值均有不同程度的降低。其中,氮化硅含量(占环氧树脂质量的百分比,后文同)为5%的涂层的低频阻抗模值降低程度最小。浸泡2400 h之后,氮化硅含量为5%的涂层的低频阻抗模值最高,仍然能够达到3.3×10~8?·cm~2。结论氮化硅填料的加入提高了涂层的耐腐蚀性能,一定程度上可以保护金属基体免受腐蚀破坏。并且,当氮化硅含量为5%时,涂层的耐腐蚀性能最好。     

喷涂工艺对超音速火焰喷涂Al-Cu-Fe-Si准晶合金涂层性能的影响

目的使用活性燃烧高速燃气喷涂(AC-HVAF)方法制备高质量的Al-Cu-Fe-Si准晶涂层,研究喷涂工艺对涂层性能的影响。方法采用气雾化Al-Cu-Fe-Si准晶合金粉末,利用AK02T型AC-HVAF喷涂系统制备Al-Cu-Fe-Si准晶涂层材料。通过X射线衍射及扫描电镜观察分析准晶合金粉末和涂层的组织与结构,通过电化学工作站、显微硬度计和接触角测试仪等手段分析准晶合金涂层的耐蚀性、显微硬度及抗粘性能。结果对气雾化准晶Al-Cu-Fe-Si合金粉末的研究发现,冷却速率显著影响准晶合金粉末的组织,在冷却速率较快的粉末中形成胞状晶组织,准晶I相含量较高。对准晶合金涂层进行热处理,高温退火显著提高了涂层的硬度,950℃退火12 h后,硬度值达到(724±153)HV0.1。分别对准晶合金涂层和基体45~#钢的接触角进行测量,准晶合金涂层的接触角最大为95°,而45~#钢的仅为79°。通过电化学工作站测试比较涂层的耐蚀性,发现在3.5%(质量分数)的Na Cl溶液中,喷涂在45~#钢和5052铝合金基体上的涂层腐蚀电流密度J_(corr)分别为6.8×10~(-6),2.0×10~(-7)A/cm~2。结论不同粒径的气雾化准晶合金粉末的相组成不同,选择合适的粒径是保证铝基准晶合金涂层质量的前提。对涂层进行合适的热处理可以有效地提高涂层的显微硬度,铝基准晶合金涂层的接触角较45~#钢的高,提高了基体的抗粘性。不同基体上制备的准晶合金涂层的耐蚀性有很大差异,5052铝合金基体上的准晶涂层耐蚀性优于喷涂在45~#钢基体上的涂层。     

The effect of SiC particles added in electroless Ni-P plating solution on the properties of composite coatings

To verify the relationship between the properties of composite coatings prepared on Q235 steel and the SiC content of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings, systematic experiments with varied SiC contents and surfactants have been conducted. The experimental results indicated the approximate linear relation between the SiC content and the hardness of composite coatings. With the increasing of SiC content, wear resistance increases correspondingly. In particular, the effect of SiC content on the corrosion resistance of Ni-P-SiC composite coatings immersed in different corrosive solutions (i.e. 5% H₂SO₄, 20% NaOH and 3.5% NaCl) is explored, followed by a comparative analysis of the corrosion resistance between Ni-P and Ni-P-SiC coatings. Corrosion test indicates that NaOH solution makes no differences in the corrosion resistance between Ni-P coatings and electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings, both being uncorroded. Exposed to NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings decreases gradually with the increasing of SiC content in coatings. In H₂SO₄ solution, the corrosion resistance of coatings increases initially and decreases afterwards with the sustained increasing of SiC content in coatings, and the optimized corrosion resistance is obtained at a SiC content of 9.41 wt.%. Finally, a competent electroless Ni-P-SiC composite plating process producing a high wear resistance and sound corrosion resistance of the coatings is obtained.     

The characterization and corrosion resistance of cerium chemical conversion coatings for 304 stainless steel

A golden yellow-colored cerium conversion coating was obtained on 304 stainless steel surface by immersing the steel into a solution containing cerium (III), KMnO₄ and sulfuric acid. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated by electrochemical methods, potentiodynamic polarization experiments and electrochemical impedance spectrum. The experimental results indicated that the corrosion resistance for the conversion coated 304SS in 3.5% NaCl solution increased markedly. The corrosion potential of the treated steel increased to a more noble level, the pitting corrosion potential increased also, the passive potential range was enlarged markedly and the passive current density decreased about one order compared to that of the untreated steel. The cathodic and anodic reaction were both inhibited to some extent. The chemical state of the elements in the coatings was investigated by XPS. The cerium element was in the form of tetravalent state. And AES depth profile analysis suggested that the thickness of the conversion coatings was less than 66 nm. The mechanisms of coatings formation and corrosion resistance are discussed.